Pratique du Shadowing: What is Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)? - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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34 phrases
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Today we're talking about arteriovenous malformations or AVM for short.
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A lot of times people ask me, what is an AVM or an arteriovenous malformation?
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And it's a very good question.
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Arteriovenous malformations can be very complicated.
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I'd like to draw an AVM for you so you can help understand this process.
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An AVM is basically a tangle of very, very immature blood vessels in the brain.
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in the brain.
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It almost looks like a bird's nest, but very immature arteries.
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There are many arteries that feed into an AVM, and typically there are very large veins that drain the AVM.
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I'll label these to be clear.
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These are veins and these are arteries.
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The arteries or fire hoses is bring a lot of pressure and blood into the AVM.
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And veins, as you remember, veins you have in your arm are very soft and weak.
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And these veins don't like the amount of blood flow that comes through the AVM.
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This AVM lives in the brain tissue.
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And so it's a potential that all this blood going through the AVM can cause the AVM to break or bleed, which can cause very, very serious problems in the brain.
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Approximately three to 4% of AVMs will rupture every year.
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So neurosurgeons like to treat AVMs to prevent that from happening.
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There are many different treatment strategies to treat an arteriovenous malformation into someone's brain and I'll quickly go through all those.
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The first one and one of the most tried and true procedures is brain surgery to physically remove the AVM from the brain.
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The way this is done is with a small incision on the scalp.
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We remove some bone from the skull, which we put back later, and we physically remove the AVM.
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An AVM is removed by coagulating or sacrificing arteries that feed the AVM to reduce the blood flow.
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Then we coagulate and remove the veins, and we physically then take the AVM out of the brain.
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This cures the AVM.
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Now sometimes AVMs have so much blood flow that go into them that we need to slow that blood flow down before surgery.
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This way we can accomplish by taking blood catheters up into our AVM and injecting various substances like glue or a material called onyx, which is like black toothpaste that can slow down the AVM.
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These catheters are placed in the artery and then we simply inject that material in the AVM to slow the AVM down.
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We don't think we can cure the AVM with that approach but it helps us to operate on the AVM because there's less blood flow.
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The last option I'll discuss is something called gamma knife radiosurgery which is a form of radiation therapy that is very accurately targeted to the AVM.
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It's an outpatient procedure.
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You only need typically one dose of radiation and that radiation over two to three years potentially helps melt or remove the AVM from the brain.
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This is a minimally invasive approach, and some patients like this approach for their AVM.
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The decision on what treatment modality to use is a complex decision, and we can discuss this further at your clinic visit.

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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette vidéo contient 34 phrases et 532 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 3:14. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 164 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. Seuls 78 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

15 mots moins courants de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

  • vein /veɪn/ (nom) — veine. A blood vessel that transports blood from the capillaries back to the heart.
  • artery /ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/ (nom) — artère. Any of the muscular- and elastic-walled blood vessels forming part of the circulation system by which blood is conveyed away from the heart regardless of its…
  • physically /ˈfɪz.ɪ.kli/ (adverbe) — physiquement. In a physical manner.
  • radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/ (nom) — radiation. The shooting forth of anything from a point or surface, like diverging rays of light.
  • procedure /pɹəˈsiː.d͡ʒə/ (nom) — procédé, procédure. A particular method for performing a task.
  • cure /kjɔː/ (verbe) — soigner, guérir. To restore to health.
  • immature /ɪməˈtjʊə(ɹ)/ (adjectif) — immature, vert. Not fully formed or developed; not grown.
  • bone /boʊn/ (nom) — os. A composite material consisting largely of calcium phosphate and collagen and making up the skeleton of most vertebrates.
  • complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/ (adjectif) — compliqué, alambiqué. Difficult or convoluted.
  • label /ˈleɪ.bəl/ (nom) — étiquette, libellé. A small ticket or sign giving information about something to which it is attached or intended to be attached.
  • knife /ˈnaɪ̯f/ (nom) — couteau. A utensil or a tool designed for cutting, consisting of a flat piece of hard material, usually steel or other metal (the blade), usually sharpened on one edge…
  • potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/ (adverbe) — potentiellement. In a manner showing much potential; with the possibility of happening in a given way.
  • tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ (nom) — tissu. Thin, woven, gauzelike fabric.
  • sacrifice /ˈsæk.ɹɪ.faɪs/ (nom) — sacrifice, offrande. Originally, the killing (and often burning) of a human being or an animal as an offering to a deity; later, also the offering of an object to a deity.
  • vessel /ˈvɛsəl/ (nom) — vaisseau. Any craft designed for transportation on or in water, such as a ship, boat, or submarine.

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

  • go through (verbe) — traverser. To travel from one end of something to the other.
  • put back (verbe) — remettre. To return something to its original place.
  • slow down (verbe) — ralentir, décélérer. To decelerate.

Prononciation à surveiller

Le locuteur utilise 7 contractions et formes réduites, comme I'll, don't, I'd. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.

  • Les sons « th »: catheter /ˈkæθɪtɚ/, toothpaste /ˈtuθpeɪst/
  • Les sons « sh » et « zh »: radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, accomplish /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ/, incision /ɪnˈsɪʒən/
  • Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, accurately /ˈæk.jə.ɹɪt.li/, coagulate /koʊˈæɡ.jə.leɪt/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

  1. Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
  2. Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
  3. Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme vein, artery, physically.

La grammaire de cette vidéo

Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :

StructureDans la vidéo
Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chosebleed, which can · onyx, which is · radiosurgery which is
Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le faitis removed · are placed

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

Technique du shadowing : lire le guide complet étape par étape →