シャドーイング練習: DO THIS with Unfamiliar Words on the SAT - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

レッスンを作成中...
1
So you're feeling pretty good because you just finished the first English module and you're pretty sure you got a hundred percent.
2
And then, on the very first question of the second module, this happens.
3
I don't know that word.
4
Knowing how to choose the proper word based on context is one skill, but what the heck are you supposed to do if you don't know the words?
5
In this video, I'm going to give you four tips for dealing with unknown words on the SAT.
6
Tip number one is to not eliminate the words that you don't know, at least not yet.
7
Let's use this passage as an example.
8
So first thing you're always going to want to do is read and actually try to find some context.
9
So go ahead and pause the video and do that.
10
But for me, as I read through, the big part of this that stands out as a possible restatement, these details embody his artistic philosophy.
11
These details would be the elaborate mosaics, flowing lines, and nature-inspired motifs.
12
So the blank space needs to mirror and embody his artistic philosophy.
13
So I would say shown in, something like that.
14
Shown in or seen in.
15
So that would be my prediction.
16
Now, as we go through, I'm trying to eliminate.
17
Let's say I don't know what insensible means.
18
I'm not gonna get rid of it.
19
I have to keep it.
20
When I get to scrutinized by, let's say again, I don't know what it means.
21
It's okay gonna keep it for now.
22
And then I see D complicated by.
23
I'm very familiar with the word complicated.
24
That does not work with shown in or seen in.
25
So I'm going to say goodbye to choice B.
26
We'll come back to this question in a second.
27
All right.
28
So let's say you've gone through your first step of elimination
29
and you've only eliminated one answer or you still have all four answers left.
30
My second tip is to hold on to opposites.
31
That is to say antonyms.
32
More often than not, the correct answer is going to have an antonym or a near antonym somewhere in the answer choices.
33
So let's say I'm working on this problem and I've already read, I'm looking for context, and I'm having a little bit of trouble because I don't know what prefiguring and entrenching mean,
34
but I know that negating means sort of counteracting or making something null and void.
35
And I know that substantiating is sort of providing support for or, you know, bolstering something, supporting something.
36
So I'm thinking these guys are sort of antonyms.
37
So I'm going to go ahead and get rid of the two
38
that I don't know because I noticed we have a couple of opposites here.
39
And in context here, you know, pause the video if you need to look at the passage, but it's saying certain passages that were supposedly by this guy,
40
Sophho, may have been interpolations, that is to say little bits that were added in by later authors.
41
So this would change our understanding of Sophho's authorship.
42
So it would negate it, right?
43
It would not support it, it would do the opposite of that, perhaps nullify it.
44
Now that little antonym trick is super helpful, but only if you actually know the two words that are opposite from one another.
45
So let's say you're going through elimination step.
46
You don't spot two words that seem to be opposites.
47
Now what are you supposed to do?
48
At this point, you're going to need to rely on your knowledge of prefixes, suffixes, and word roots.
49
So coming back to this question to demonstrate, if you remember, I was able to get rid of complicated by looking at my three remaining choices
50
and trying to decipher what's going on, I notice a couple of things with choice A.
51
First of all, we have in, and I know that in means not.
52
So I'm thinking the first part of this is not.
53
Then I see sense, and I know that sense has something to do with perceiving or feeling.
54
So I'm gonna say not feel feel slash sense
55
and then the last part is a bowl
56
and a bowl think about words like capable
57
or edible It means able to I put all of this
58
together I'm thinking this word's gonna mean something like not able to feel or sense
59
Does that work with Shonen or Seen in?
60
No, in fact that kind of seems like the opposite if you are unable to sense or feel his philosophy,
61
that's the opposite of it being shown in or seen in his philosophy.
62
So using word roots, such as sense, and prefixes and suffixes, such as in and able, or in this case, ible,
63
I can get rid of choice A.
64
Now this is definitely a skill that you need to develop, and if you have little or no knowledge of common prefixes, suffixes, and word roots on the SAT,
65
I've actually got a free resource for you that's going to help you out, just use the link in the description to download that for free.
66
Finally, let's talk about what happens when you are down to a couple of answers
67
and you still don't know one or both of the words.
68
Another issue that my students run into is they think to themselves, the SAT is real fancy.
69
They're going to want me to choose the fanciest word available.
70
That's not how the SAT works.
71
In fact, I would even consider some of these more advanced words to be distractor answers
72
because a lot of students aren't going to know them.
73
So they're just going to throw it in there as a completely out of place answer, relying on the fact that a lot of you guys just won't know the definition.
74
All right.
75
So we've eliminated two answer choices.
76
Now I'm feeling kind of nervous because I've got two answer choices that I don't know.
77
But then I remember, Ooh, I actually know the word scrutiny.
78
A phrase comes to mind faced scrutiny.
79
And I know that scrutiny is sort of like judgment.
80
So would I want judged by?
81
Would that go with shown in or seen in?
82
Absolutely not.
83
So now I have confidently eliminated three answer choices.
84
And even though I don't know what B means, I know it has to be my answer because all the other answers are now not an option.
85
And indeed, manifest in means like shown in or seen in.
86
Something that is manifest is clear and obvious.
87
If I would have thought back to history class, I might have thought about manifest destiny.
88
All right, now let's consider this question right here.
89
As usual, we need to get some context first, so pause the video and take a look.
90
But the big thing that I'm noticing is these methods were gradually replaced by, you know, standardized approaches.
91
So based off of that, my prediction is going to be out of date.
92
All right now moving on to my answer choices Defunct at first.
93
I don't recognize it, but then I remember
94
Defunct like not functioning this means that something is no longer
95
Functioning no longer in use so
96
that would fit out of date arcane I actually end up remembering
97
because I read fantasy and I remember arcane symbols and spells and And arcane basically means mysterious.
98
So that is actually not going to line up with out of date.
99
I would get rid of arcane.
100
Let's say I don't know what ubiquitous is.
101
I don't even know how to pronounce it.
102
So I'm going to keep that one.
103
And then extraneous.
104
Luckily, my teacher was just lecturing me last week about how I need to remove all the extraneous information from my essay.
105
So basically the stuff that is irrelevant and extra.
106
So irrelevant sort of lines up with out of date, but it's a little bit too extreme.
107
Just because something that's out of date doesn't mean it's completely irrelevant.
108
So if I'm left with defunct and this word I don't know, since defunct is the word that I do know,
109
now it's okay to go ahead and choose that since I was able to confidently keep it around.
110
So my answer is going to be A, defunct.
111
And indeed ubiquitous means sort of like ever present.
112
You can see it everywhere.
113
Think about cell phones.
114
Who do you know without a cell phone?
115
Nobody.
116
Cell phones are ubiquitous.
117
They're everywhere.
118
And I know what you're thinking.
119
But Robert, what the heck?
120
What if I don't know both words?
121
What if there's three words left over that I don't know?
122
Unfortunately, the words in context questions on the SAT are just a little bit luck of the draw,
123
depending on the vocabulary that you are familiar with and depending on your comfort level with prefixes, suffixes, and word roots.
124
The rest of the reading section, however, is a lot easier to nail if you have the proper strategies.
125
And if you happen to be around tomorrow, I'm going to be hosting a free live webinar designed for students who are aiming for a 700
126
or higher in the English section.
127
If you're watching this video the day it goes live, go ahead and join me for that.
128
Otherwise, the replay is going to be available on my channel.

このレッスンで学ぶこと

このビデオでは、SATで未知の単語に出会った時の対処法を学びます。4つのヒントを通じて、文脈から意味を推測し、選択肢を絞る技術を身につけます。同時に、「shadowspeak」や「英語シャドーイング」の練習にも活用できる、自然な発音とリズムのコツも見つけていきましょう。

重要な語彙とフレーズ

  • context:文脈。単語の意味を推測する際に不可欠な要素です。
  • eliminate:除外する。選択肢を絞るときに使う重要な動詞です。
  • antonym:反意語。正解を見つけるためのヒントになる場合があります。
  • prefix:接頭辞。単語の意味を推測する際の手がかりになります。
  • substantiate:裏付ける。議論や主張を強化する意味で使われます。

練習のヒント:シャドーイング編

ビデオのスピードは中程度で、口語的なトーンが特徴です。「英語スピーキング練習」に最適です。シャドーイングをする際は、まずビデオを10秒ほど再生して停止し、その後すぐに同じ内容を繰り返しましょう。特に「I don't know that word.」のような自然な発音とイントネーションに注目してください。

「IELTS スピーキング対策」にも役立つのが、文脈から単語の意味を推測する訓練です。ビデオの中で使われている例を使って、「insensible」や「scrutinized」などの未知の単語を聞いた時、まず文脈を考える習慣をつけましょう。シャドーイングと同時に、頭の中で意味を推測することで、スピーキングとリスニングのスキルが同時に上達します。

最後に、「shadow speak」のコツとして、発音のリズムを捉えることが重要です。ビデオの中で話者が強調する単語(例えば「four tips」の「four」)には、少し長めに発音する傾向があります。これを真似ることで、より自然な英語を話すことができるようになります。

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型動画での表現
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係しているyou've gone · you've only eliminated · I've already read
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てるis read · were added · being shown

シャドーイングとは?英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング(Shadowing)は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的:ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影(shadow)」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →