シャドーイング練習: ENGLISH SPEECH | STEVE JOBS: Stanford Speech(English Subtitles) - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
C2
Thank you.
217 文
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Thank you.
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I'm honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world.
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Truth be told, I never graduated from college,
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from college and this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation.
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Today I want to tell you three stories from my life.
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That's it.
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No big deal.
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Just three stories.
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The first story is about connecting the dots.
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I dropped out of Reed College after the first six months
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but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit.
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So why'd I drop out?
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It started before I was born.
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My biological mother was a young,
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unwed graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption.
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She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates,
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so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife.
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Except that when I popped out,
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they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl.
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So my parents, who were on a waiting list,
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got a call in the middle of the night asking,
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we've got an unexpected baby boy, do you want him?
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They said, of course.
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My biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college
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and that my father had never graduated from high school.
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She She refused to sign the final adoption papers.
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She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would go to college.
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This was the start in my life.
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And 17 years later, I did go to college.
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But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford.
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And all of my working class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition.
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After six months, I couldn't see the value in it.
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I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life
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and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out.
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And here I was, spending all the money my parents had saved their entire life.
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So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out okay.
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It was pretty scary at the time,
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but looking back, it was one of the best decisions I ever made.
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The minute I dropped out,
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I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me
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and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting.
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It wasn't all romantic.
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I didn't have a dorm room,
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so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms.
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I returned Coke bottles for the five-cent deposits to buy food with.
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And I would walk the seven miles across town every Sunday
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night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple.
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I loved it.
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And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on.
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Let me give you one example.
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Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country.
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Throughout the campus, every poster,
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every label on every drawer was beautifully hand-calligraphed.
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Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes,
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I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this.
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I learned about serif and sans-serif typefaces,
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about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations,
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about what makes great typography great.
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It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture,
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and I found it fascinating.
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None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life.
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But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer,
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it all came back to me.
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And we designed it all into the Mac.
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It was the first computer with beautiful typography.
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If I had never dropped in on that single course in college,
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the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts.
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And since Windows just copied the Mac,
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it's likely that no personal computer would have them.
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If I had never dropped out,
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I would have never dropped in on that calligraphy class and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do.
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Of course, it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college,
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but it was very, very clear looking backwards 10 years later.
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Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward.
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You can only connect them looking backwards.
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So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.
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You have to trust in something,
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your gut, destiny, life, karma,
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whatever, because believing
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that the dots will connect down the road will give you the confidence to follow your heart even
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when it leads you off the well-worn path,
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and that will make all the difference.
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My second story is about love and loss.
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I was lucky.
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I found what I loved to do early in life.
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Oz and I started Apple in my parents' garage when I was 20.
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We worked hard, and in 10 years,
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Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4,000 employees.
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We'd just released our finest creation,
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the Macintosh, a year earlier,
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and I'd just turned 30.
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And then I got fired.
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How can you get fired from a company you started?
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Well, as Apple grew, we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me.
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And for the first year or so, things went well.
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But then our visions of the future began to diverge,
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and eventually we had a falling out.
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When we did, our board of directors sided with him.
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And so at 30, I was out, and very publicly out.
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What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone,
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and it was devastating.
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I really didn't know what to do for a few months.
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I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down,
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that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me.
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I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly.
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I was a very public failure,
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and I even thought about running away from the valley.
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But something slowly began to dawn on me.
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I still loved what I did.
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The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit.
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I'd been rejected, but I was still in love.
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And so I decided to start over.
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I didn't see it then,
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but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me.
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The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again,
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less sure about everything.
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It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
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During the next five years,
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I started a company named Next,
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another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife.
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Pixar went on to create the world's first computer animated feature film,
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Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world.
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In a remarkable turn of events,
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Apple bought Next, and I returned to Apple,
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and the technology we developed at Next is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance.
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and Lorene and I have a wonderful family together.
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I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple.
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It was awful tasting medicine,
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but I guess the patient needed it.
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My third story is about death.
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When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like,
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If you live each day as if it was your last,
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someday you'll most certainly be right.
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It made an impression on me,
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and since then, for the past 33 years,
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I've looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself,
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if today were the last day of my life,
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would I want to do what I am about to do today?
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And whenever the answer has been no for too many days in a row,
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I know I need to change something.
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Remembering
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that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life.
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Because almost everything, all external expectations,
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all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure,
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these things just fall away in the face of death,
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leaving only what is truly important.
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Remembering
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that you are going to die is the best way I
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know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose.
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You are already naked.
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There is no reason not to follow your heart.
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About a year ago, I was diagnosed with cancer.
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I had a scan at 7.30 in the morning,
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and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas.
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I didn't even know what a pancreas was.
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The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable,
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and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months.
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My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order,
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which is doctor's code for prepare to die.
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It means to try
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and tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months.
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It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family.
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It means to say your goodbyes.
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I live with that diagnosis all day.
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Later that evening, I had a biopsy where they stuck an endoscope down my throat,
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through my stomach and into my intestines,
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put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor.
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I was sedated, but my wife,
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who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope,
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the doctors started crying, because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery.
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I had the surgery, and thankfully, I'm fine now.
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This was the closest I've been to facing death,
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and I hope it's the closest I get for a few more decades.
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Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than
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when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept.
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No one wants to die.
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Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there.
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And yet, death is the destination we all share.
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No one has ever escaped it.
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And that is as it should be,
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because death is very likely the single best invention of life.
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It's life's change agent.
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It clears out the old to make way for the new.
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Right now, the new is you.
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But someday, not too long from now,
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you will gradually become the old and be cleared away.
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Sorry to be so dramatic, but it's quite true.
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Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life.
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Don't be trapped by dogma,
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which is living with the results of other people's thinking.
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Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice.
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And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition.
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They somehow already know what you truly want to become.
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Everything else is secondary.
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When I was young, there was an amazing publication called the Whole Earth Catalogue,
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which was one of the Bibles of my generation.
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It was created by a fellow named Stuart Brand,
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not far from here in Menlo Park,
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and he brought it to life with his poetic touch.
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This was in the late 60s,
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before personal computers and desktop publishing,
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so it was all made with typewriters, scissors and Polaroid cameras.
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It was sort of like Google in paperback form 35 years before Google came along.
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It was idealistic, overflowing with neat tools and great notions.
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Stewart and his team put out several issues of the Whole Earth Catalog,
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and then when it had run its course,
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they put out a final issue.
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It was the mid-1970s, I was your age.
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On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road,
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the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous.
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Beneath it were the words, stay hungry, stay foolish.
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It was their farewell message as they signed off, stay hungry, stay foolish.
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And I've always wished that for myself.
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And now, as you graduate to begin anew.
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I wish that for you.
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Stay hungry, stay foolish.
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Thank you all very much.
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この動画でスピーキングを練習する理由
スティーブ・ジョブズのスタンフォード大学でのスピーチは、英語を学ぶ上で非常に貴重な教材です。このスピーチは、成功や失敗、愛と喪失の物語を通じて、自己の信ちを大切にすることの重要性を教えてくれます。英語スピーキング練習をする際に、彼の言葉を繰り返すことで、単に発音を改善するだけでなく、自分自身の考えをまとめたり、感情を表現する方法を学んだりすることができます。ジョブズの話し方は明瞭で説得力があり、shadow speechのテクニックが効果的に活用できる場面です。
文法と表現の文脈
- 過去形と過去完了形: 「I never graduated from college.」という文は、自分の過去の経験を述べる際の基本的な構造です。このような文章を模倣することで、IELTS スピーキング対策にも役立ちます。
- 直接話法と間接話法の利用: 彼のスピーチでは、「She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates.」のように、他者の感情や意見を伝える表現が使用されています。これにより、英語でのコミュニケーション能力が向上します。
- 未来形の使用: 「You have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.」という文は、未来の可能性について語る際に役立つ表現です。特に、将来の計画や目標について話すときに利用できます。
よくある発音の落とし穴
このスピーチでは、スティーブ・ジョブズ独特の発音や言い回しがいくつか見受けられます。特に「Macintosh」や「calligraphy」といった単語は、間違った発音をしやすいものです。意識的に繰り返し練習し、英語の発音を良くするためのトレーニングとして活用しましょう。また、「never」や「trust」といった語尾の発音にも注意が必要です。正しいアクセントを理解し、shadowingを使ってリスニングとスピーキングの両方を磨くことが重要です。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。