シャドーイング練習: Essential English Grammar: WILL or WOULD? - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
B2
Hi, everybody.
163 文
文が短すぎたり長すぎる場合は、Editをタップして調整してください。
1
Hi, everybody.
2
Welcome to www.engvid.com.
3
I'm Adam. In today's video, we're going to look at a little bit of grammar, and more specifically, we're going to look at the two verbs "will" and "would".
4
And the reason I'm focusing only on these two verbs is because people often mix up when to use one or the other.
5
So, it's very important that you understand the function, the functions of each word, and see how they're used in actual sentences to understand why you choose one and not the other.
6
Okay? So, let's look at, first of all, the actual functions of these words.
7
And keep in mind that in some cases, "would" is actually the past tense of "will", but I'll get into that in a moment.
8
So, first of all, when we use "will", we're talking about the future, always, and we're looking at something that's either a fact, although technically you can't say anything about the future as fact because we don't know.
9
So, more...
10
The better way to think of it is it's a real possibility, right?
11
Facts, until they actually happen, you don't know.
12
So, a real possibility.
13
"Would", on the other hand, is we use to...
14
When we talk about an unreal past, so something in the past that could have been different, but wasn't.
15
And you'll...
16
When I give you the example sentence, you'll understand what I mean.
17
But it's not real, that's the key, and it's in the past, not the future.
18
So, that's very important to remember.
19
Mostly, the most common use of "would" is to talk about something that is hypothetical.
20
Hypothetical basically means it's not real, it's imaginary.
21
You're talking about, basically, if a situation could happen, right?
22
You're talking about... that's the key word there, "if", "maybe".
23
Probably not, but maybe, right?
24
And again, when we see examples, you'll understand.
25
And we also use it to report speech, so we call this indirect reported speech.
26
I am saying what somebody else said.
27
So, I'm... Somebody said something to me, I'm telling you what that person said.
28
So, that's indirect reported speech.
29
And in this case, "would" acts as the past tense of "will", and we're going to see examples of that as well.
30
So, let's start with a couple of sentences, here.
31
He will make new friend...
32
He will make many new friends at school.
33
So, my wife and I are talking, we're worried about our son.
34
Our son is going to university in a different city, and my wife is worried that he'll be very lonely.
35
And I say, "Don't worry.
36
He will make many new friends at school." Now, is that a fact?
37
No, because I don't know.
38
Maybe he won't make many new friends at school.
39
Maybe everybody will hate him.
40
It's unlikely, but it's definitely a real possibility.
41
Based on his character, based on his history, most likely this is what will happen, so future real.
42
He would make new friends at school.
43
Now, there's two ways I need to complete this sentence.
44
He would make new friends at school is not a complete sentence because of this word "would".
45
As soon as you see this word, you know that something is not true, is not real.
46
So, "He would make new friends" means now no new friends.
47
So, whenever you see a sentence that uses "would" as the helping verb to the main verb, right away you understand that now whatever follows is actually not true, is not the case.
48
Okay? He would make new friends if he went out more.
49
So, right now he just sits in his room, he goes to class and then goes and sits in his dorm room all day and doesn't come out.
50
So, obviously he's not making new friends.
51
So, if he went out, and I'm using an unreal conditional here, "if" plus simple past verb.
52
If he went out, he would make new friends.
53
Or, he would make new friends at school, comma, but he doesn't go out much.
54
Here, I'm using the "but" to show a contrast, and I'm using the present verb to show you what the actual situation is now.
55
Now, technically I can go straight from school to "but", but even if I do this, this is where it gets a little confusing.
56
This is understood, I just don't need to say it.
57
So, bear with me.
58
I'm going to give you the whole full sentence.
59
He would make many new friends at school if he went out more, but he doesn't go out much, so he doesn't make new friends.
60
That's the full thing.
61
I don't want to say all that.
62
That's a lot of words that don't all need to be expressed.
63
I can just take this out completely, and just go to this conclusion, right?
64
"But he doesn't go out much." So, now, not making friends, why?
65
He doesn't go out.
66
But the key here is I'm talking about unreal situation, hypothetical situation, now.
67
Okay. We're going to look at some other examples to understand the other functions.
68
Okay, so now I have a few more examples for you.
69
They're not in any particular order, but I'll explain each one as we go.
70
So, now we're going to look at reported speech.
71
There are two types.
72
There's direct, and then there's indirect.
73
Direct reported speech will be inside quotation marks.
74
They could be happy, too, if you want them to be, but anyway.
75
Quotation marks means this is exactly the words that the person used when he spoke to me.
76
And now I'm telling it to somebody else, right?
77
I'm reporting to a third person.
78
So, if I'm using a direct with the quote, I don't change anything.
79
I take exactly the words that were given to me.
80
Now, in writing, you will notice there's a comma, quotation mark, everything, period, quotation mark.
81
Then there is indirect reported speech.
82
So, this person said the words to me, and I'm more or less paraphrasing to the next person.
83
So, I would say, "He said he would call." Now, that, because technically this is a noun clause, but most people just drop that.
84
You don't need it.
85
That's why I put it in bracket.
86
You can put it, you can take it out, both okay.
87
"He said he would call." Now, a general rule or the rule of indirect reported speech is that the verb goes one tense back.
88
So, "will", the only back you can go with "will" is "would".
89
This is the past tense of "would", and that's why I'm using that in the indirect reported speech.
90
Okay. So, here he's talking about the future, here he's still talking about the future, but I'm reporting it as the past, because he said it to me in the past, "said".
91
Okay. So, that's reported.
92
Next. And here we're going to get a little bit tricky, so just prepare yourselves for it.
93
I'm going to start with one sentence, and I'm going to finish it three different ways.
94
Three different ways.
95
"In order to get a promotion, she would need to make more sales." "In order to get a promotion, she will need to make more sales." Or "In order to get a promotion, she would have needed to make more sales." All three sentences are correct.
96
The meaning's slightly different, so let's start.
97
"In order to get a promotion at work", she wants to get a higher position, "she would need to make more sales." Now, we understand that "would" is a hypothetical, it's not real, meaning that she probably won't, will not make more sales.
98
Maybe there's not enough time, maybe she doesn't have enough clients, maybe she's just not very good at sales, so it's very unlikely that she will.
99
So, for this situation to be true, this situation would be... need to be true, but it's not, and I'm using "would".
100
On the other hand, if I say "She will need to make more sales", means she has another six months, if she works really hard, she can get these sales and she can get her promotion.
101
So, this is a real possibility.
102
Unreal possibility, she has no chance.
103
Real possibility, she has a very good chance of doing it.
104
And again, both are correct, but you have to pay attention to what the actual...
105
When somebody says this, what are they meaning?
106
Here, I know she's not getting the promotion.
107
Here, I think she can get the promotion.
108
Then, in order to get a promotion, she would have needed to make more sales.
109
This is the past, but you cannot change the past.
110
So, in order to get a promotion...
111
So, right this week, the boss is deciding who is getting promotions.
112
It's too late for her to get more sales.
113
The sales needed to be in the past.
114
It didn't happen.
115
She would have needed to, but she didn't.
116
That's understood.
117
"But she didn't", "would have", they go together.
118
In the past, you can't change it, it's not real, she's not getting the promotion.
119
So, no promotion, yes promotion, no promotion.
120
If you understand the way things are structured, right?
121
And this is what you have to pay close attention to, especially in spoken English.
122
In spoken English, the word "would" or "will", they go by very fast, so you need to pick it up.
123
A native speaker, for example, if somebody says to me, "Well, she would have needed to do that", she would have needed.
124
But I can pick up the "would have" and understand that she didn't.
125
A non-native speaker might not pick that word up and not understand the full context of the sentence.
126
So, you have to pay very close attention to that.
127
Okay? So, that's another use of "will" in "would".
128
We're going to go to the last sample.
129
Now, this is going to be a little bit more confusing because this is introducing a whole other grammatical tense.
130
"She will have met her goals by then", "She would have met her goals if she had tried harder".
131
So, let's start with the "would".
132
"She would have met her goals", this is the same as this one.
133
We're talking about an unreal past.
134
In the past, this was possible, but now the past is gone, it didn't happen, it's not possible anymore.
135
Can't change the past.
136
And here, it's easier to understand because of the "if".
137
If she had tried, with a past perfect.
138
So, she... If she did it, if she had tried harder, she would have met her goals.
139
She didn't try hard enough, she didn't meet her goal.
140
Fact. Here, "will have met", this is a future perfect.
141
Future perfect means that then, whatever that future time is, means her goals will be met.
142
But again, future perfect, I'm not going to really get into now, that's a whole other video by itself.
143
But just so you can compare, "will have", "would have", both of them can be used with a perfect.
144
The meanings are very, very different.
145
Future real, past unreal, and it's very important that you learn to pay attention to "will" and "would", because A, they're spoken very quickly, and B, they sound not that far from each other, because "would", "would".
146
In writing, obviously, much easier, you'll see it.
147
But in writing, you have to be careful to use the correct version.
148
And for example, let's say we're talking about IELTS or TOEFL essays, very, very often I see people using "would" when they should be using "will".
149
Not so much the other way around.
150
And I think the reason is people think that "would" is a more formal verb.
151
It's not. "Will" has a function, "would" has a function, use them correctly.
152
There's no such thing as formal or informal verbs in terms of usage.
153
Formal and informal vocabulary does not formal or informal grammar, so be careful about that in your writing.
154
And I hope...
155
That's it. I hope that all made sense to you.
156
Of course, you may have to watch the video again to get all the little details, but if you have any questions, go to www.engvid.com and ask me in the comments section.
157
I'll be happy to help you out some more there.
158
There's also a quiz at www.engvid.com.
159
Take the quiz, make sure you can understand all the different subtleties, all the slight differences between the two uses, and test yourself and take the quiz, and hopefully get a 10 out of 10.
160
Okay? If you like the video, please give me a like.
161
Don't forget to subscribe to my channel and ring that little bell up top there so you get notifications of new videos, and come back for more grammar, vocab, and other interesting English things.
162
See you again soon.
163
Bye-bye.
アプリをダウンロード
Everything you need to speak fluently
AI PronunciationScore every sentence
IPA PracticeMaster every sound
VocabularyBuild your word bank
Vocab GameLearn while playing
このレッスンについて
このレッスンでは、英語の動詞「will」と「would」の使い方について学びます。これらの動詞は未来の概念や仮定の過去を表す際に非常に重要です。特に、どのような状況でそれぞれを使い分けるべきかに焦点を当て、例文を通じて理解を深めます。この学習を通じて、あなたの英語スピーキング練習に役立つ知識を得ることができるでしょう。
重要な語彙とフレーズ
- will - 未来の可能性を表す動詞
- would - 仮定の過去や非現実的な状況を表す動詞
- hypothetical - 仮定の、想像上の
- indirect reported speech - 間接的な報告文
- real possibility - 実際にあり得る可能性
- make friends - 友達を作る
- if - 条件を表す接続詞
練習のコツ
このレッスンの音声を使用して英語スピーキング練習を行うときは、shadow speech技術を活用しましょう。つまり、動画のナレーションを聞きながら同時に声に出して繰り返すことです。特に、スピード感とトーンに注目し、英語シャドーイングによって発音やリズムを体得することが重要です。まずはゆっくりとしたペースで始め、慣れてきたら徐々に速さを増していきましょう。また、発音が明確でない部分は何度も繰り返して確認し、shadowspeakを意識して正しく発音できるように練習します。
このように実際の会話に触れることで、「will」と「would」の使い方についての理解を深め、日常会話で自信を持って使えるようになります。英語スピーキング練習を通じて、より自然な表現を身に付けましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。