シャドーイング練習: Hitler - OverSimplified (Part 2) - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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1
Since Germany's military had to be reduced, Hitler could no longer remain a soldier after the war, but he kept working for the army as an informant.
2
After the war, communists in Germany had attempted a revolution, and the government was worried about communism in general.
3
So Hitler was tasked with infiltrating and reporting on any new political parties that could pose a communist threat.
4
A new party called the German Workers' Party threw up a whole bunch of red flags, so Hitler went along to one of their meetings, of their meetings, but found that they weren't communist at all.
5
They were extreme right, and shared many of his extreme beliefs.
6
So he left the army and signed up to join the party.
7
His fantastic speaking abilities impressed the party's leadership and supporters, and he very quickly rose to the top.
8
He decided the party needed a makeover, so he renamed it to the National Socialist German Workers' Party, or Nazi for short, and he gave it a new color scheme.
9
The Nazis weren't very specific on policy, but Hitler made extravagant promises to return Germany to its former glory by undoing the Treaty of Versailles
10
and reuniting all ethnic Germans into one nation.
11
He also said that only pure Aryan people should be allowed to be citizens and that all Jews would lose their citizenship.
12
These ideas were already common in extreme right politics, but what set the Nazis apart was Hitler himself, and they quickly became the leading party on the extreme right.
13
Many of the political parties in Germany at the time had paramilitary wings, and the Nazis were no different.
14
Hitler set up the very descriptive Hull Protection Detachment, later changed to the very delightful Gymnastic 2nd Sports Division and finally settling on the ominous Storm Detachment, or SA for short.
15
Their job was to defend Nazi party meetings and intimidate political opponents, and they would frequently engage in battles with communists on the streets.
16
Since the Allies had demanded a reduction in Germany's military size, many trained soldiers were left unemployed.
17
They liked the Nazi ideology and it was only natural for them to join the SA, which grew larger and larger over time.
18
The new democratic government that formed after World War I was pretty weak and ineffective.
19
In order to pay reparations to the Allies, it started printing more money.
20
The problem is that printing money doesn't actually give a country more money, it just makes money less valuable.
21
So as the country printed more and more money, it became worth less and less, and the currency crashed.
22
In 1919, one US dollar was worth about four German marks.
23
By December 1923, one US dollar was equal to 4.2 trillion marks.
24
The price of bread rose to 200 billion marks.
25
Bank notes became worthless.
26
Unsurprisingly, in such an economic crisis, Germany struggled to pay the Allies.
27
The French were pissed about this, so they occupied the Ruhr, an area full of factories, and took the economic output from the area as payment.
28
They treated the German civilians badly, and in total, approximately 130 Germans were killed during the occupation.
29
Germans were furious and Hitler and the Nazis thought that now would be a great time to lead a revolution.
30
In November 1923, inspired by something a certain bold Italian man did a year earlier, Hitler stormed a meeting at a beer hall and called for an uprising against the government.
31
With his supporters, he marched on the streets of Munich, hoping the police would join his side.
32
They did not.
33
Hitler was put on trial for treason.
34
He could have been sentenced to life, but the right-wing judges thought he was a pretty cool guy.
35
Hitler knew the judges and knew that they would be lenient, so he took the opportunity to make impassioned speeches during the trial.
36
And in the end he was sentenced to just five years in prison, of which he only served nine months, and when I say prison, it was more like a pleasant hotel stay where he had plenty of time to write a book.
37
The whole affair was covered by the media nationwide, and it made Hitler famous.
38
Hitler and his extreme message were now known throughout Germany, but the everyday Germans still didn't care much for him.
39
In the 1928 election, the Nazis only won about 2% of the vote.
40
Many Germany were still intimidated by all the violence and the shouting and how unpolitician like he was.
41
But a new economic crisis would change all of that.
42
To help Germany pay its reparations, America agreed to give it loans.
43
In October 1929, the Wall Street crash happened and America wanted its money back.
44
The economic strain that's put on an already struggling Germany was severe.
45
Unemployment skyrocketed.
46
Poverty was widespread and Germans were sick of it.
47
It was clear that the newly formed democracy wasn't working.
48
In the face of crisis, Germans began moving to the political extremes.
49
If you were German and wanted change, your choices now were either the communists or the Nazis.
50
Hitler claimed that he was the only one who could return Germany to its former glory.
51
The Nazi party used propaganda to make Hitler seem like a great and powerful man, and they gave the German people a scapegoat to blame for all their suffering.
52
The promise of a single strong dictator was a breath of fresh air for Germans after years of failing democracy.
53
Some bought into his extreme ideology.
54
Some didn't agree with the racism, but were willing to vote for him anyway.
55
Many didn't know much about politics at all, but just got caught up in the hype.
56
Election after election, the Nazis became more and more popular, until in 1932, they became the biggest party in the German parliament.
57
Hitler came to truly believe that he was some sort of great destined savior of Germany.
58
Germany.
59
He turned megalomaniac.
60
He decided to run for president and did surprisingly well, but still lost to the extremely popular World War One General Paul von Hindenburg.
61
Since he was now the leader of the biggest party though, he demanded President Hindenburg make him Chancellor,
62
but Hindenburg was reluctant seeing that Hitler was clearly such a big racist.
63
Industry leaders urged Hindenburg to give Hitler the chancellorship, fearing the rising support for communism, and leader of the center party von Papen, who had been secretly negotiating with Hitler, said to Hindenburg,
64
How about we make Hitler chancellor on the condition
65
that I get to be vice chancellor and most government jobs go to us moderate conservatives?
66
That way I'll get to keep my power, I mean we'll get to keep our power and we'll control Hitler like he's our angry little puppet.
67
What could possibly go wrong?
68
As it turned out, everything.
69
Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in January 1933, but he was not yet a dictator.
70
In February, the German parliament building was set on fire.
71
Historians still aren't sure who did it, and many suspect the Nazis did it themselves, but Hitler blamed the communists,
72
and he convinced President Hindenburg to sign an emergency decree allowing him to imprison all communists and other political opponents.
73
Communists and others were sent off to the first concentration camp in Dachau.
74
At this time, the elderly President Hindenburg passed away, giving Hitler the perfect opportunity.
75
He introduced a law to parliament that would allow him to make all future laws and decisions entirely on his own.
76
With his political opponents in prison and the SA intimidating others, Hitler's law passed.
77
Just two months after becoming chancellor, Hitler was now a dictator.
78
He still had one problem.
79
The leader of the SA wanted the SA to take over the job of the regular German army.
80
And the German army didn't like that idea.
81
Hitler needed to maintain the support of his professionally trained German army, more so than his rough and rowdy SA.
82
So one night in June 1934, he had Rom and many other of his own SA officers rounded up and murdered.
83
While he was at it, he took the opportunity to brutally settle some personal scores as well.
84
Politicians who had disagreed with him in the past, reporters who had printed negative articles about him, one guy who did absolutely nothing, but they thought he was someone else.
85
In some cases, even their families were murdered.
86
In total, up to 200 people were killed in what became known as the Night of the Long Knives.
87
The The army, now satisfied that they wouldn't be replaced, pledged total allegiance to their new Führer, and Hitler's control was now absolute.
88
Life in Germany changed violently.
89
Freedom of the press, expression, and public assembly were suspended.
90
Jews were initially branded and their businesses boycotted.
91
And eventually, Hitler would go on to have 6 million Jewish men, women, and children killed in concentration camps.
92
Hundreds of thousands of people were forced into sterilization for physical and mental imperfections.
93
The Hitler Youth became a way to brainwash the young.
94
Boys were trained to fight and returned home from camp violent.
95
Girls were told their purpose was to have many pure Aryan children, and they would sometimes return from camp pregnant.
96
When their parents were understandably horrified, their children would threaten to turn them over to the Gestapo for standing in the way of Germany's greatness.
97
The standard greeting changed, and you could be sent to a concentration camp for not using it.
98
This way, it seemed like everyone was a Nazi supporter.
99
If you dare oppose Hitler or speak out against him in any way, you also would be sent to a concentration camp.
100
German nationalism captivated the young Adolf.
101
Extreme ideology and anti-Semitism festered in him as a young man living a hard life on the streets.
102
Germany's defeat in the First World War filled him with hatred and a thirst for vengeance.
103
A political movement that treated him like a god
104
and hundreds of thousands looking up to him as their savior made him a megalomaniac.
105
And soon, his aggressive foreign policies would drag the world into a second tragic global conflict, otherwise known as...
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が105文、単語が1694語あります。 音声の長さは8:16です。 話す速さは速く、1分あたり約205語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は81%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| communist 名詞 | /ˈkɑ.mjə.nɪst/ | 共産主義者, 共産党員 |
| chancellor 名詞 | /ˈt͡ʃænsələ/ | 首相, 宰相 |
| concentration 名詞 | /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/ | 集中, 集中力 |
| opponent 名詞 | /əˈpəʊ.nənt/ | 相手 |
| supporter 名詞 | /səˈpɔɹ.tɚ/ | 支持者 |
| ideology 名詞 | /aɪ.diˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | 観念形態, イデオロギー |
| dictator 名詞 | /ˈdɪkˌteɪtəɹ/ | 独裁者 |
| settle 動詞 | /ˈsɛtəl/ | 解決する |
| glory 名詞 | /ˈɡlɔːɹi/ | 優雅, 絶妙 |
| communism 名詞 | /ˈkɒmjᵿnɪz(ə)m/ | 共産主義, コミュニズム |
| savior 名詞 | /ˈseɪvjɚ/ | 救世主 |
| defend 動詞 | /dɪˈfɪnd/ | 守る, 防ぐ |
| belief 名詞 | /bɪˈliːf/ | 確信 |
| poverty 名詞 | /ˈpɑːvɚti/ | 貧乏, 貧困 |
| violent 形容詞 | /ˈvaɪ.ə.lənt/ | 激しい |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| look up to 動詞 | 見上げる, 仰ぐ |
| pass away 動詞 | 逝く, 亡くなる |
| take over 動詞 | 引き受ける |
注意したい発音
話し手はdidn't, we'll, weren'tなど、短縮形や弱形を13回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「th」の音: ethnic /ˈɛθ.nɪk/, breathe /bɹiːð/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, worthless /ˈwɜːθ.ləs/, thirst /θɝst/
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, reduction /ɹɪˈdʌk.ʃən/, occupation /ˌɑkjʊˈpeɪʃən/, politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/, citizenship /ˈsɪtɪzənʃɪp/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, ideology /aɪ.diˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, unemployment /ʌn.ɪmˈplɔɪ.mənt/, occupation /ˌɑkjʊˈpeɪʃən/, politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。communist, chancellor, concentrationなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | be reduced · was tasked · should be allowed |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | one who could · guy who did |
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。