シャドーイング練習: How to Speak So That People Want to Listen | Julian Treasure | TED - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Reviewer Gopal The human voice.
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Reviewer Gopal The human voice.
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It's the instrument we all play.
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It's the most powerful sound in the world, probably.
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It's the only one that can start a war or say, I love you.
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And yet, many people have the experience that when they speak,
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people don't listen to them.
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Why is that?
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How can we speak powerfully to make change in the world?
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What I'd like to suggest,
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there are a number of habits that we need to move away from.
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I've assembled for your pleasure here seven deadly sins of speaking.
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I'm not pretending this is an exhaustive list,
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but these seven, I think, are pretty large.
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Habits that we can all fall into.
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First, gossip.
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Speaking ill of somebody who's not present.
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Not a nice habit and we know perfectly well the person gossiping five minutes later will be gossiping about us.
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Second, judging.
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We know people who are like this in conversation
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and it's very hard to listen to somebody if you know that you're being judged and found wanting at the same time.
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Third, negativity.
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You can fall into this.
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My mother in the last years of her life became very,
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very negative and it's hard to listen.
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It's hard to listen.
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I remember one day I said to her,
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it's October the 1st today,
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and she said, I know, isn't it dreadful?
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It's hard to listen when somebody's that negative.
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And another form of negativity, complaining.
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Well, this is the national art of the UK.
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It's our national sport, we complain about the weather,
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about sport, about politics, about everything.
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But actually complaining is viral misery.
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It's not spreading sunshine and lightness in the world.
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Excuses.
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We've all met this guy,
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maybe we've all been this guy.
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Some people have a blame-thrower.
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They just pass it on to everybody else and don't take responsibility for their actions.
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And again, hard to listen to somebody who's being like that.
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Penultimate, the six of the seven.
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Embroidery.
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Exaggeration.
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It demeans our language, actually, sometimes.
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For example, if I see something that really is awesome,
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what do I call it?
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And then of course this exaggeration becomes lying,
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out and out lying, and we don't want to listen to people we know are lying to us.
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And finally, dogmatism.
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The confusion of facts with opinions.
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When those two things get conflated,
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you're listening into the wind.
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Somebody is bombarding you with their opinions as if they were true.
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It's difficult to listen to that.
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So here they are, seven deadly sins of speaking.
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These are things I think we need to avoid.
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But is there a positive way to think about this?
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Yes there is.
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I'd like to suggest that there are four really powerful cornerstones,
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foundations, that we can stand on if we want our speech to be powerful and to make change in the world.
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Fortunately, these things spell a word.
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The word is hail, and it has a great definition as well.
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I'm not talking about the stuff that falls from the sky and hits you on the head.
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I'm talking about this definition,
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to greet or acclaim enthusiastically,
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which is, I think, how our words will be received if we stand on these four things.
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So what do they stand for?
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See if you can guess.
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The H, honesty, of course.
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Being true in what you say, being straight and clear.
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The A is authenticity, just being yourself.
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A friend of mine described it as standing in your own truth,
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which I think is a lovely way to put it.
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The I is integrity, being your word,
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actually doing what you say,
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and being somebody people can trust.
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And the L is love.
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I don't mean romantic love,
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but I do mean wishing people well.
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For two reasons.
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First of all, I think absolute honesty may not be what we want.
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I mean, my goodness, you look ugly this morning.
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Perhaps that's not necessary.
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Tempered with love, of course,
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honesty is a great thing.
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But also, if you're really wishing somebody well,
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it's very hard to judge them at the same time.
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I'm not even sure you can do those two things simultaneously.
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So, hail.
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Also, now that's what you say,
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and it's like the old song,
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it is what you say,
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it's also the way that you say it.
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You have an amazing toolbox.
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This instrument is incredible, and yet this is a toolbox that very few people have ever opened.
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I'd like to have a little rummage in there with you now,
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and just pull a few tools out that you might like to take away and play with,
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which will increase the power of your speaking.
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Register, for example.
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Now, falsetto register may not be very useful most of the time,
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But there's a register in between.
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I'm not going to get very technical about this for any of you who are voice coaches.
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You can locate your voice, however.
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So if I talk up here in my nose,
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you can hear the difference.
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If I go down here in my throat,
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which is where most of us speak from most of the time.
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But if you want weight,
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you need to go down here to the chest.
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You hear the difference?
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We vote for politicians with lower voices.
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It's true.
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Because we associate depth with power and with authority.
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That's a register.
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And we have timbre.
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It's the way your voice feels.
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Again, the research shows that we prefer voices which are rich,
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smooth, warm, like hot chocolate.
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Well, if that's not you,
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that's not the end of the world, because you can train.
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Go get a voice coach.
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And there are amazing things you can do with breathing,
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with posture, with exercises to improve the timbre of your voice.
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Then prosody.
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I love prosody.
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This is the sing-song, the meta-language that we use in order to impart meaning.
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It's root one for meaning in conversation.
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People who speak all on one note are really quite hard to listen to if they don't have any prosody at all.
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That's where the word monotonic comes from, or monotonous, monotone.
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Also, we have repetitive prosody now coming in,
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where every sentence ends as if it were a question.
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When it's actually not a question, it's a statement.
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And if you repeat that one over and over,
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it's actually restricting your ability to communicate through prosody,
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which I think is a shame.
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So let's try and break that habit.
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Pace.
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I can get very, very excited by saying something really,
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really quickly, or I can slow right down to emphasize.
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And at the end of that,
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of course, is our old friend, silence.
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There's nothing wrong with a bit of silence in a talk, is there?
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We don't have to fill it with ums and ahs.
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It can be very powerful.
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Of course, pitch often goes along with pace to indicate arousal,
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but you can do it just with pitch.
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Where did you leave my keys?
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Where did you leave my keys?
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It's a slightly different meaning in those two deliveries.
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And finally, volume.
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I can get really excited by using volume.
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Sorry about that, if I startled anybody.
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Or I can have you really pay attention by getting very quiet.
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Some people broadcast the whole time,
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try not to do that.
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That's called sodcasting.
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Imposing your sound on people around you carelessly and inconsiderately.
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Not nice.
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Of course, where this all comes into play most of all is when you've got something really important to do.
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It might be standing on a stage like this and giving a talk to people.
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It might be proposing marriage,
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asking for a raise, a wedding speech, whatever it is.
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If it's really important, you owe it to yourself to look at this toolbox
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and the engine that it's going to work on.
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And no engine works well without being warmed up.
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Warm up your voice.
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Actually, let me show you how to do that.
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Would you all like to stand up for a moment?
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I'm going to show you the six vocal warm-up exercises that I do before every talk I ever do.
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Any time you're going to talk to anybody important, do these.
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First arms up, deep breath in,
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and sigh out, like that.
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One more time.
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Very good.
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Now we're going to warm up our lips,
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and we're going to go, very good.
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And now, just like when you were a kid.
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Now your lips should be coming alive.
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We're going to do the tongue next with exaggerated la la la la la la la la la.
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Beautiful.
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You're getting really good at this.
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And then roll an R.
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That's like champagne for the tongue.
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Finally, and if I can only do one,
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the pros call this the siren.
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It's really good.
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It starts with we and goes to or.
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The we is high, the or is low.
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You go, we are, we are.
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Fantastic.
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Give yourselves a round of applause.
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Take a seat.
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Thank you.
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Next time you speak, do those in advance.
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Now, let me just put this in context to close.
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This is a serious point here.
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This is where we are now, right?
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We speak not very well into people who simply aren't listening in an environment that's all about noise and bad acoustics.
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talked about that on this stage in different phases.
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What would the world be like
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if we were speaking powerfully to people who are listening consciously in environments which were actually fit for purpose?
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Or to make that a bit larger,
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what would the world be like if we were creating sound consciously
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and consuming sound consciously and designing all our environments consciously for sound?
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That would be a world that does sound beautiful
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and one we're understanding would be the norm and that is an idea worth spreading.
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Thank you.
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このレッスンについて
このレッスンでは、効果的な会話術について学び、リスナーに影響を与えるスピーキングの技巧を習得します。特に、他者に響くための話し方や、避けるべき「話す際の七つの大罪」について触れます。また、IELTS スピーキング対策としても役立つ内容です。このリソースを通じて、自分の言葉に自信を持ち、より多くの人に耳を傾けてもらえる話し方を身に付けましょう。
重要な語彙とフレーズ
- ゴシップ - 他者の不在時にその人について悪口を言うこと
- 判断 - 他者を評価することによって会話が難しくなること
- ネガティビティ - 思考が否定的であること
- 不満を言う - 常に文句を言うこと
- 言い訳 - 自分の行動に対して責任を取らない態度
- 誇張 - 物事を大げさに言うこと
- 思想の押し付け - 意見と事実が混同されること
- 誠実さ - 自分の言葉に対して真実であること
練習のコツ
このビデオでは、非常にクリアで熱意に満ちたスピーチが聞けます。shadowspeakを効果的に活用するには、まずこれらの要素を意識しながら繰り返し練習しましょう。特にスピーチのテンポやトーンに注目し、内容を口に出してみてください。自信を持って声に出すことで、他者に影響を与えるスピーキングが可能になります。録音して自分の発音やリズムを確認することもおすすめです。この方法はshadow speechやshadowspeaksの練習に非常に有効です。リスニングだけではなく、アクティブな参加を通じて英語力を高めていきましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。