シャドーイング練習: how to take notes like the top 1% of students - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Alright, welcome back to class everyone.
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Alright, welcome back to class everyone.
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Wait, could you repeat that?
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Repeat what?
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What you just said.
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Welcome back to class?
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Welcome back to...
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Thank you.
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Class.
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No problem.
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No...
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Pro...
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...plem.
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Okay, what are you doing?
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What?
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What are you doing?
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Stop that!
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Please, please stop.
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I mean, I know the feeling.
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I know how it feels to straighten your wrist and your neck as you're trying to copy down everything your teacher says.
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But in these instances, note-taking is often a comfort mechanism and not necessarily a learning mechanism.
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Scribbling everything down as fast as possible gives us a false sense of progress.
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Although our hands are active, our mind usually isn't.
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In this video, I'm going to talk about five common note-taking mistakes and how to fix them.
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Alright, mistake number one, transcribing instead of translating.
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So as we covered at the start of this video, you should never transcribe your lecture.
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If you are trying to copy down every single word your teacher says, you're probably doing yourself a disservice.
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Why?
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Because you can most likely find the lecture recordings and the lecture slides online.
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We often rush to take notes because it excuses us from the harder and more important task, thinking.
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In fact, I argue that many students would be better off taking zero notes during lecture
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and forcing themselves to pay attention instead.
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But chances are you don't want to do that.
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And fair, you probably should write something down during lecture.
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So let me tell you a better way to take notes.
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Instead of transcribing, which is writing everything down verbatim, focus on translating, which is writing things down in your own words.
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As your professor speaks, avoid the urge to continuously write.
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Instead, I want you to take notes in chunks.
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Focus on your professor's words for 10 to 20 seconds, let it digest, and then write the main points in your own words.
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If you've never taken notes like this before, it's going to feel uncomfortable because it'll feel like you're glossing over the important stuff.
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The diagrams, the facts, the dates, the events.
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But the truth is you can revisit all these specific minor details on your own time.
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What you will not have access to later, however, is your professors and the overarching themes and ideas they want to convey.
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In fact, these are often the ideas your professor might communicate on the spot and in the moment.
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They might not be available in a textbook or some external resource.
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Here's another way to think about it.
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Learning is like pottery.
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You focus on the overall shape and structure first
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and then once you have that in place you can go in
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and focus on the minor details and patterns to bring your masterpiece to life.
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Knowledge works similarly.
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Instead of going right into the little details you need to create the structure first
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and this is often through the key themes and messages and ideas.
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And then once you have a sense of what you're learning
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and why you're learning it then you can drill down with all the minor details to refine your understanding.
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All this comes back to the one lesson that I preach on this channel over and over again.
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Discomfort is a byproduct of learning.
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Actively engaging with your professor's words instead of passively copying everything down is hard and most students won't want to do that.
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But you can either actively engage during lecture
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and trim down your study time outside of class or you can passively engage and drastically extend your study sessions.
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Mistake number two, obsessing over form.
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Now what do I mean by By form, I'm referring to the aesthetic and the format of your notes.
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Now, I don't mean to sound like a hater when I'm saying this, but aesthetically pleasing notes are very overrated.
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If you want to decorate your notes and make them look pretty outside of class, please by all means do so and don't let me stop you.
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But do not obsess over the aesthetic while you're in lecture, for two reasons.
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First, the more you focus on the aesthetic, the less you focus on the actual lecture.
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Embellishing your notes just gives you a false sense of productivity.
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And second, you'll be in a constant state of panic trying to keep up with your professor.
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And so again, we run into this issue where you're not actively engaging with the lecture content.
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Okay, now let's talk about the format of your notes.
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Some of the smartest students I know obsess over the format, and rightfully so.
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They want to make sure that their notes are neat and organized to maximize their learning.
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But my advice, don't overthink it.
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Choose a format that works for you and run with it.
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For example, if you don't like Cornell notes, don't use Cornell notes because some academic guru told you that they were effective.
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Which they are by the way, but I totally understand why you might not be a fan of them.
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Again, what matters more is the process of note-taking itself.
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For example, are you actively engaging?
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Are you processing ideas in your own words?
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Are you focusing on the key themes and messages?
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That's what matters more.
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But I would be remiss if I didn't at least tell you what the different note-taking formats are.
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So let's run through them quickly.
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Again, if any of these resonate with you, great.
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If not, keep doing you.
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First, we have the good old outline method.
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And this is the note-taking method that carried me throughout high school and college.
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And the premise is pretty simple.
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Organize information hierarchically.
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Hierarchically?
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Is that how you say that?
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Use bullets to put main topics at the top, followed by subtopics underneath.
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I prefer this format because it gives me the most space to work with, which isn't necessarily the case with the second format, Cornell Notes.
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So for Cornell Notes, you want to divide your page into three sections.
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A narrow left column for cues and questions, a wider right column for the notes themselves, and then a section at the bottom for summaries.
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A benefit of this structure is that it forces active engagement with the lecture material, but a drawback is that it takes a lot more time.
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After class or maybe even during class, you're going to have to remember to fill out that summary section for every single page.
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Now if you're not a fan of writing summaries, then you might be a fan of this third format, the box method.
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Now I'll admit this one is a bit unusual and I've never used it myself, but the idea is simple.
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Group similar notes together and box them.
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This can provide clear visual separation between distinct ideas, which can make studying a lot easier.
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But my favorite note-taking format, at least the one to study with, are mind maps.
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Mind maps are great because they reflect the interconnected nature of knowledge.
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You have a central idea in the middle, and then you have related ideas branching off.
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And then you can integrate distinct colors with separate areas of the mind map to help with memory retention.
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But I know what you're wondering.
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Gohard, didn't you say you used the outline method during school and not mind maps?
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That's correct.
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I used the outline method to take notes during class, but I used mind maps to study outside of class.
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Mind maps can get very messy if you're using them during lecture, because you might not know when to split a branch into a sub-branch or when to use different colors.
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That's why I think that mind maps are instead useful when you're familiar with the concept and understand the surrounding landscape.
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Once you've acquired knowledge, you can then use a mind map to make sense of it and see how everything fits together.
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You know what else should fit together?
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Your study tools, which is why I want to show you something cool that Opera is doing.
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They've partnered with Spotify to reimagine the way we listen to music while working.
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And it gets even better.
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Right now, Opera is offering three months of Spotify Premium for free.
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That means you can listen without ads, download your music to listen anytime, anywhere, and organize your playlist to listen in whatever order you want.
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You can claim your free trial by downloading the Opera browser and heading to the Opera Player sidebar.
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Just note that this offer varies by country.
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Now let me show you Opera in action, especially the video pop-out feature.
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You can detach the video you're watching as so and place anywhere on your screen keeping it on top of other windows.
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This is super helpful for those who love to watch while they browse but don't want to keep switching between tabs.
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But what I really love is how customizable Opera is.
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Watch this, I can set a theme like Midsommar, adjust the colors, add some subtle sound effects, and create the perfect environment for focusing.
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Head to the link in my description to download Opera today and claim your free Spotify premium offer.
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And now back to the video.
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Mistake number three, ignoring your inner monologue.
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So you know that voice inside your head during lecture, the one that's like, oh wait, this doesn't make any sense, or wait, how does that work?
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Capture these thoughts in your notes.
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Doing so is a great way to reflect on the material and to make your notes much more memorable.
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For example, as I'm reading a book, I will annotate my exact thoughts in the margins.
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If I find something funny, I will write down lol, or if I find something weird, I'll say WTF followed by an explanation.
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Or sometimes if we're talking about a person that reminds me of someone that I know, or if we're talking about an event that reminds me of something that I've experienced, I will also note that down.
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The more personal you can make your notes and connect these distinct concepts to your own lived experiences, the easier it's going to be to retain that information.
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The most important type of annotation though, in my opinion, is the question mark.
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If something confuses you, anything confuses you during lecture, even for just a moment, write down a question mark in the margin.
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And in the moment, not later, not via email, not after class, raise your hand and ask for clarification.
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Because I promise you, the ideas that you're telling yourself you'll revisit on your own time, you won't.
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You will probably forget about it as soon as lecture ends.
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And also, over the course of the semester, you'll encounter more material than you can possibly imagine.
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And you will not have time to go back through everything and see which parts confused you.
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Those question marks will be your indicators, and they will guide your study sessions.
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So this way you can skip over these self-explanatory concepts and double down on what confuses you.
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Mistake number four, failing to contextualize.
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Knowledge doesn't exist in isolation.
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When you learn something new, it's probably connected to something you've learned previously or it's related to an adjacent topic in a different class.
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Your knowledge exists in the shape of a tree.
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In other words, it looks kind of like a mind map.
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When you take notes on a new topic, you have to embed it in your knowledge network.
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In other words, you have to take this new piece of information and connect it to an old piece of information.
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If you fail to establish these connections, your new knowledge will exist in isolation and slowly wither away over time.
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But what does this process look like?
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How do you actually create these connections and contextualize your knowledge?
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Well, I have three methods for you.
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Method number one is to include callbacks.
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If you're taking notes on a topic that feels familiar, say so in your notes.
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Literally write down something like this reminds me of the theorems we learned last week
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or this reminds me of reaction rates in chemistry.
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You can embed these callbacks into your notes as you're taking them or you can add them to the margins after class.
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Now an even stronger way to contextualize your knowledge is method number two, draw comparisons.
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Callbacks are great but they're simple.
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You're creating a connection without exploring the basis for that connection.
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To further solidify your knowledge, include a callback followed by a point of similarity or a point of differentiation.
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For example, let's say you're taking notes on photosynthesis.
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A callback might be, this builds on our study of cellular respiration.
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Then a point of similarity might be, both processes involve energy conversion.
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And then if you want to take it even further, a point of differentiation might be photosynthesis stores energy in glucose, whereas cellular respiration releases it.
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Now you don't have to do this with all your notes all the time, but it's an especially useful exercise if you're studying for an exam and want to make sense of different concepts.
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Okay, and then method number three, map it out.
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As I said earlier, mind maps are a great study tool.
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In addition to taking notes during class, I also recommend that you have a mind map that you build out over the course of a semester or a unit.
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After each lecture, come back to this mind map and see
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if you can find a place to fit in these new concepts that you've just learned.
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The more connections you can draw between these new concepts and the existing topics on your mind map, the better off you're going to be.
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All right, and then mistake number five.
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This is perhaps one of the biggest mistakes students make when taking notes.
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Doing a single pass.
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Let me explain.
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No student is going to take perfect notes on the first go.
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But what do most students do?
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They take their notes, they close their notebooks, and they don't revisit them until exam time, or better yet, just never at all.
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Here's what I think you should do instead.
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After you finish taking your notes, great, put them away and go about your day.
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But after 24 hours, or even the same night, I want you to revisit what you wrote down.
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What you'll notice is that some of the stuff might not make sense to you, or some of the stuff you might want to flesh out even further.
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This is the exercise and these are the realizations that separate decent students from phenomenal students because it's uncomfortable.
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Taking notes is the easy part.
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Using your notes to test, challenge, and solidify your understanding is the harder and the more important part in this whole process.
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So as you're taking notes, consider leaving gaps every few lines so you have space to come back and refine your thoughts.
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You'll want to revisit your notes shortly after you've taken them, maybe even the night of, and then you'll want to revisit them three days later and then five days later and two weeks later and so on.
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This of course is the principle of spaced repetition, which I'm sure every study tuber on this platform has talked about.
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The idea is to revisit your notes at increasing intervals to prevent the knowledge from decaying.
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Use these blank lines to elaborate on any points or to clarify confusing details, and at the same time quiz yourself as you're going through your notes.
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Rereading your notes is a bit overrated.
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You also want to actively quiz yourself as you're doing so.
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So review a chunk, cover it up with a piece of paper, and then try to recite the main points in your own words.
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Better yet, take your notes and pretend you're teaching that material to someone else.
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This of course is the Feynman technique which I've talked about in previous videos, and this study method is one I lived by, especially for my social studies courses.
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The overarching idea here is that your notes shouldn't just be some stale resource that you create once and then abandon.
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Rather, your notes should be a resource that you revisit, review, and refine over the course of a semester.
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Y'all, that does it for today's video.
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If you have a moment, please take a minute or two to leave a meaningful comment and let me know what resonated most with you.
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And also, if you want to excel in school and organize everything you have going on, check out my Notion template which is linked in the description of this video.
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Y'all, best of luck this school year, I hope 2025 is treating you right, and I'll see you again next week.
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この動画でスピーキングを練習する理由は？
この動画を通して、英語スピーキング練習の効率的な方法を学ぶことができます。講義のデッキを取ることは単なる書き取りではなく、理解を深めるためのプロセスです。素早くメモを取ることに慣れている方が多いかもしれませんが、この動画では、講義を自分の言葉で要約することの重要性が強調されています。これは、実際に話すときにも役立ちます。自分の言葉で説明することで、知識をしっかりと体得することができ、IELTS スピーキング対策にもつながります。
文法と文脈における表現
この動画では、いくつかの重要な文法構造や表現が用いられています。以下に主なものを挙げます。
- Transcribing vs. translating: 「書き取る」と「翻訳する」という概念は、メモ取りの質を高めるためのカギです。
- Focusing on chunks: 情報を小さな部分に分けて理解することで、記憶に深く刻み込まれます。
- Digesting information: 講義の内容を咀嚼することで、自分の意見を形成する助けになります。
これらの表現は、実際の会話や試験で使われるため、YouTubeで英語学習をする際にも意識しましょう。
よくある発音の罠
動画内では、いくつかの発音のトラップがあります。気をつけるべき単語やアクセントを以下に示します。
- Disservice: 発音が難しいため、特に注意が必要です。
- Ployme: スピーチの中では、はっきりとした発音が求められます。
- Overall themes: 単語のアクセントに気をつけ、自分の言葉として使えるように練習しましょう。
shadow speakを実践することで、これらの発音を克服でき、あなたのスピーキングスキルも向上します。動画で学んだことをしっかりと活用し、日々の勉強に取り入れていきましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。