シャドーイング練習: How Your Quick Decisions Can Change Your Life | practice English with Spotlight - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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120 文
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Welcome to Spotlight.
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I'm Colin Lowther.
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And I'm Liz Waid.
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Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting.
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It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live.
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Most people have experienced an immediate reaction.
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Think about the last time you smelled something delicious.
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Did you react with an emotion?
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Have you had a reaction to a beautiful piece of art?
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Did you react emotionally when you saw someone you loved?
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Malcolm Gladwell is a writer.
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He writes about how our brains are influenced by things we do not even know.
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Gladwell calls these immediate reactions we just thought about snap judgments or quick decisions.
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They often influence us in ways we may not even recognize.
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Today's Spotlight is on these immediate reactions and how they affect our everyday lives.
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Here is a fun example of how our brains create these immediate reactions.
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Answer these questions as quickly as possible.
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What colour are clouds?
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What colour is snow?
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What do cows drink?
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Most people answer the first two questions with white.
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But they answer the third question with the word milk.
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If you answered that cows drink milk, you are not alone.
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The correct answer is water.
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It was the colour white that made you have a snap decision that cows drink milk.
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Malcolm Gladwell wrote a book about SNAP judgments called Blink.
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In this book, he tells a story about a SNAP decision. In 1983, the J.
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Paul Getty Museum received a statue.
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They believed it was from the sixth century B .C.
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Scientists at the museum did some basic tests to make sure the statue was real.
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The tests seemed to show that the statue was very old.
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Thomas Hoving is an art manager.
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He looked at the statue.
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Hoving always remembers the first word to come into his mind when he looks at a new piece of work.
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Normally, when Hoving sees an old large marble statue,
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his first word is old, beautiful, ancient, or even heavy.
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Hoving has been around art for many years.
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His experience makes it easier for him to choose between real art and copies of real art.
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And when he looked at the statue, the first word he thought of was fresh.
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His snap judgment made him think the statue was not thousands of years old.
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It was new.
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Scientists decided to do more tests.
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These further test results showed that the statue was not real.
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It was a very good copy of a real statue.
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The person who made the statue worked hard to make the statue seem old.
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The museum was not happy when they learned they would not be able to put this statue in their museum.
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But this snap decision saved the museum from years of shame and regret.
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This is just one example of the effects of snap judgments or quick decisions.
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Snap judgments can also help improve or even save our lives.
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Imagine you are walking down a street on a sidewalk.
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You are thinking about something that is very interesting.
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You are not thinking about walking down the street.
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You decide to turn right.
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You do not see that you have just stepped out onto a busy street.
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You look up and see that there is a car driving toward you.
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Without thinking, you jump back up onto the sidewalk.
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You do this to avoid being hit.
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It was your own quick decision to jump back away from the street that saved you from being hurt.
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In an emergency, quick decisions also help.
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For example, doctors use snap judgments to treat injuries.
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They react based on past experiences.
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These past experiences help doctors know, without thinking, what they must do.
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If doctors take too long to make a decision,
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it can be too late to save a person's life.
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Their quick thinking can help keep everyone safe.
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Gladwell says that people make quick decisions because they must.
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Sometimes people must make quick decisions to survive.
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Other times people make them because it is natural.
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Our past experiences help to form our decisions.
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This is what helps to make them natural.
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Snap judgements come from the unconscious part of our brain.
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So, we do not know we are making snap judgements until after we make them.
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We often do this when we meet people.
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There is a common saying in the English language,
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do not judge a book by its cover.
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This means that we should not make an opinion about something or somebody based on the way they look.
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But people do this every single day.
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And sadly, these snap judgments can easily be wrong.
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Snap judgments come from experience.
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But our experiences of people can be limited.
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Many of us do not know people of a different ethnicity or race.
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We mostly know people who are like us.
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So, when we see someone who looks different,
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our snap judgments are not based on experience.
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They are based on ideas from other people.
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Or they are based on stories in radio and television.
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These are prejudices, and snap judgments based on prejudice are often wrong.
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Often, a person's appearance does not tell us much about who they are or what they are like.
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It is natural to make snap judgments about other people.
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However, these judgments are not always true.
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For example, imagine that you see a person with a different skin color than yours.
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You may have a thought like, I am smarter than he is, or he is mean.
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These are not good snap judgements.
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Thoughts like these are judgements about a person's character and abilities.
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Sometimes we need to make a quick decision about a person to protect our own lives.
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If we see someone carrying a weapon,
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it would be right to make the snap judgment to hide or run away.
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People make snap judgments every single day.
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But we can decide how we let the snap judgments affect our lives.
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It is important to be careful not to let these quick decisions change the way we think of a person.
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Think of how your snap judgements affect your everyday life.
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You could surprise yourself.
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We will tell another story about snap judgements for members of our YouTube channel.
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Members get access to exclusive videos,
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PDFs of scripts, and can join our private Spotlight English Facebook group.
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We hope you make a snap judgment to check it out!
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If you are on YouTube, click join below.
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What kinds of snap judgments do you make?
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Have you ever regretted a quick decision?
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Tell us what you think.
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You can leave a comment on our website or email us at contact at spotlightenglish .com.
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You can also find us on Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, and Twitter.
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The writer of today's program was Aaron Lehman.
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The producer was Liz Waid.
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The voices you heard were from the United Kingdom and the United States.
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You can listen to this program again and read it on the internet at www .spotlightenglish .com.
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This program is called, How Your Quick Decisions Can Change Your Life.
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Visit our website to download our free official app for Android and Apple devices.
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We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program.
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Goodbye.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このB1レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「How Your Quick Decisions Can Change Your Life」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：snap, judgment, decision, statue, quick。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が120文、単語が1208語あります。 音声の長さは14:35です。 話す速さはゆっくりで、1分あたり約83語です。一つ一つの音をまねる余裕があります。 単語の86%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語11語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| judgment 名詞 | /ˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒ.mənt/ | 判決, 裁き |
| statue 名詞 | /ˈstæt͡ʃu/ | 像, 彫像 |
| cow 名詞 | /kaʊ/ | 雌牛, 牛 |
| sidewalk 名詞 | /ˈsaɪdwɔk/ | 歩道, 舗道 |
| prejudice 名詞 | /ˈpɹɛd͡ʒədɪs/ | 偏見, 僻見 |
| scientist 名詞 | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | 科学者 |
| ethnicity 名詞 | /ɛθˈnɪsɪti/ | 民族性, 民族 |
| unconscious 形容詞 | /ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəs/ | 無意識 |
| marble 名詞 | /ˈmɑɹ.bəl/ | 大理石, マーブル |
| emotion 名詞 | /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/ | 感情, 心緒 |
| goodbye | /ɡʊdˈbaɪ/ | さようなら, さよなら |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| look up 動詞 | /ˌlʊk ˈʌp/ | 見上げる |
| run away 動詞 | 逃げる, 逃走する |
繰り返し練習したい文
動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。
- Did you react with an emotion?
- Have you had a reaction to a beautiful piece of art?
- Did you react emotionally when you saw someone you loved?
- What kinds of snap judgments do you make?
- Have you ever regretted a quick decision?
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | are influenced · being hit · being hurt |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | have experienced · Have you had · has been |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | person who made · people who are · someone who looks |
| 「might / may」による可能性 might/may + 動詞 — 起こりうるが確実ではないこと | may not even recognize · may have |
注意したい発音
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: unconscious /ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəs/, emotionally /ɪˈməʊʃənəli/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: ethnicity /ɛθˈnɪsɪti/, emotionally /ɪˈməʊʃənəli/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- 子音の連続 — 間に母音を入れない: snap /snæp/, judgment /ˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒ.mənt/, statue /ˈstæt͡ʃu/, react /ɹiːˈækt/, prejudice /ˈpɹɛd͡ʒədɪs/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。judgment, statue, cowなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。