ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: How Your Quick Decisions Can Change Your Life | practice English with Spotlight
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Welcome to Spotlight.
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I'm Colin Lowther.
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And I'm Liz Waid.
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Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting.
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It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live.
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Most people have experienced an immediate reaction.
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Think about the last time you smelled something delicious.
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Did you react with an emotion?
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Have you had a reaction to a beautiful piece of art?
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Did you react emotionally when you saw someone you loved?
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Malcolm Gladwell is a writer.
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He writes about how our brains are influenced by things we do not even know.
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Gladwell calls these immediate reactions we just thought about snap judgments or quick decisions.
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They often influence us in ways we may not even recognize.
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Today's Spotlight is on these immediate reactions and how they affect our everyday lives.
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Here is a fun example of how our brains create these immediate reactions.
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Answer these questions as quickly as possible.
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What colour are clouds?
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What colour is snow?
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What do cows drink?
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Most people answer the first two questions with white.
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But they answer the third question with the word milk.
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If you answered that cows drink milk, you are not alone.
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The correct answer is water.
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It was the colour white that made you have a snap decision that cows drink milk.
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Malcolm Gladwell wrote a book about SNAP judgments called Blink.
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In this book, he tells a story about a SNAP decision. In 1983, the J.
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Paul Getty Museum received a statue.
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They believed it was from the sixth century B .C.
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Scientists at the museum did some basic tests to make sure the statue was real.
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The tests seemed to show that the statue was very old.
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Thomas Hoving is an art manager.
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He looked at the statue.
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Hoving always remembers the first word to come into his mind when he looks at a new piece of work.
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Normally, when Hoving sees an old large marble statue,
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his first word is old, beautiful, ancient, or even heavy.
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Hoving has been around art for many years.
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His experience makes it easier for him to choose between real art and copies of real art.
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And when he looked at the statue, the first word he thought of was fresh.
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His snap judgment made him think the statue was not thousands of years old.
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It was new.
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Scientists decided to do more tests.
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These further test results showed that the statue was not real.
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It was a very good copy of a real statue.
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The person who made the statue worked hard to make the statue seem old.
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The museum was not happy when they learned they would not be able to put this statue in their museum.
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But this snap decision saved the museum from years of shame and regret.
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This is just one example of the effects of snap judgments or quick decisions.
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Snap judgments can also help improve or even save our lives.
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Imagine you are walking down a street on a sidewalk.
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You are thinking about something that is very interesting.
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You are not thinking about walking down the street.
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You decide to turn right.
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You do not see that you have just stepped out onto a busy street.
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You look up and see that there is a car driving toward you.
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Without thinking, you jump back up onto the sidewalk.
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You do this to avoid being hit.
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It was your own quick decision to jump back away from the street that saved you from being hurt.
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In an emergency, quick decisions also help.
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For example, doctors use snap judgments to treat injuries.
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They react based on past experiences.
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These past experiences help doctors know, without thinking, what they must do.
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If doctors take too long to make a decision,
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it can be too late to save a person's life.
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Their quick thinking can help keep everyone safe.
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Gladwell says that people make quick decisions because they must.
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Sometimes people must make quick decisions to survive.
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Other times people make them because it is natural.
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Our past experiences help to form our decisions.
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This is what helps to make them natural.
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Snap judgements come from the unconscious part of our brain.
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So, we do not know we are making snap judgements until after we make them.
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We often do this when we meet people.
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There is a common saying in the English language,
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do not judge a book by its cover.
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This means that we should not make an opinion about something or somebody based on the way they look.
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But people do this every single day.
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And sadly, these snap judgments can easily be wrong.
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Snap judgments come from experience.
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But our experiences of people can be limited.
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Many of us do not know people of a different ethnicity or race.
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We mostly know people who are like us.
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So, when we see someone who looks different,
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our snap judgments are not based on experience.
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They are based on ideas from other people.
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Or they are based on stories in radio and television.
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These are prejudices, and snap judgments based on prejudice are often wrong.
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Often, a person's appearance does not tell us much about who they are or what they are like.
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It is natural to make snap judgments about other people.
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However, these judgments are not always true.
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For example, imagine that you see a person with a different skin color than yours.
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You may have a thought like, I am smarter than he is, or he is mean.
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These are not good snap judgements.
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Thoughts like these are judgements about a person's character and abilities.
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Sometimes we need to make a quick decision about a person to protect our own lives.
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If we see someone carrying a weapon,
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it would be right to make the snap judgment to hide or run away.
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People make snap judgments every single day.
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But we can decide how we let the snap judgments affect our lives.
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It is important to be careful not to let these quick decisions change the way we think of a person.
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Think of how your snap judgements affect your everyday life.
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You could surprise yourself.
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We will tell another story about snap judgements for members of our YouTube channel.
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Members get access to exclusive videos,
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PDFs of scripts, and can join our private Spotlight English Facebook group.
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We hope you make a snap judgment to check it out!
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If you are on YouTube, click join below.
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What kinds of snap judgments do you make?
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Have you ever regretted a quick decision?
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Tell us what you think.
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You can leave a comment on our website or email us at contact at spotlightenglish .com.
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You can also find us on Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, and Twitter.
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The writer of today's program was Aaron Lehman.
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The producer was Liz Waid.
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The voices you heard were from the United Kingdom and the United States.
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You can listen to this program again and read it on the internet at www .spotlightenglish .com.
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This program is called, How Your Quick Decisions Can Change Your Life.
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Visit our website to download our free official app for Android and Apple devices.
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We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program.
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Goodbye.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดระดับ B1 นี้ใช้วิดีโอ “How Your Quick Decisions Can Change Your Life” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: snap, judgment, decision, statue, quick วิดีโอนี้มี 120 ประโยค และ 1208 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 14:35 ผู้พูดพูดช้า ประมาณ 83 คำต่อนาที จึงมีเวลาเลียนแบบทุกเสียง 86% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ยากที่สุด 9 คำในวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| statue คำนาม | /ˈstæt͡ʃu/ | รูปปั้น |
| cow คำนาม | /kaʊ/ | วัว, โค |
| sidewalk คำนาม | /ˈsaɪdwɔk/ | ทางเท้า, บาทวิถี |
| prejudice คำนาม | /ˈpɹɛd͡ʒədɪs/ | อคติ |
| scientist คำนาม | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | นักวิทยาศาสตร์ |
| ethnicity คำนาม | /ɛθˈnɪsɪti/ | ชาติพันธุ์, เชื้อชาติ |
| marble คำนาม | /ˈmɑɹ.bəl/ | หินอ่อน |
| emotion คำนาม | /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/ | อารมณ์ |
| goodbye | /ɡʊdˈbaɪ/ | สวัสดี, ลาก่อน |
ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ
ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:
- Did you react with an emotion?
- Have you had a reaction to a beautiful piece of art?
- Did you react emotionally when you saw someone you loved?
- What kinds of snap judgments do you make?
- Have you ever regretted a quick decision?
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | are influenced · being hit · being hurt |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | have experienced · Have you had · has been |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | person who made · people who are · someone who looks |
| ความเป็นไปได้ด้วย “might / may” might/may + กริยา — สิ่งที่เป็นไปได้แต่ไม่แน่นอน | may not even recognize · may have |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: unconscious /ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəs/, emotionally /ɪˈməʊʃənəli/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: ethnicity /ɛθˈnɪsɪti/, emotionally /ɪˈməʊʃənəli/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: prejudice /ˈpɹɛd͡ʒədɪs/, unconscious /ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəs/, marble /ˈmɑɹ.bəl/
- พยัญชนะควบ — ออกเสียงให้ครบทุกตัว: snap /snæp/, judgment /ˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒ.mənt/, statue /ˈstæt͡ʃu/, react /ɹiːˈækt/, prejudice /ˈpɹɛd͡ʒədɪs/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- พูดตามทีละประโยคด้วยความเร็วปกติ ทำซ้ำแต่ละประโยคจนจังหวะของคุณตรงกับผู้พูด
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง statue, cow, sidewalk เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ