シャドーイング練習: Let’s Travel to The Most Extreme Place in The Universe - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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The universe is pretty big and very strange.
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The universe is pretty big and very strange.
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Hundreds of billions of galaxies with sextillions of stars and planets
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and in the middle of it all there's Earth with you and us.
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But as enormous as the universe seems looking up,
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it seems to get even larger when you start looking down.
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You are towering over worlds within worlds within worlds,
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each in plain sight and yet hidden from your experience experience.
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Let's go on a journey.
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We'll start in a park about a thousand meters long enough for a 15 minute walk.
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Every time we click this magic button will become a thousand times smaller.
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Please slip into this magic science suit so you don't die and can still see.
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Ready?
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Let's go!
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The miniature realm.
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You are the size of a grain of sand just two millimeters high,
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standing on a blade of grass that seems as tall as an eight-story building to you.
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A square meter of lawn is now a dense metropolitan area with 100,000 blades or two Manhattan's worth of grass towers.
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From your new tiny perspective,
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the park that you could quickly stroll through before is now the size of France.
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Crossing it would take at least a week.
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Human-sized humans loom over you,
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four times taller than the Empire State Building,
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their steps falling from horizon to horizon.
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A bee the size of a helicopter lands near you,
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making the ground shake as its hairy carapace vibrates with each wingbeat.
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You try to escape, but are barely able to move because the air is so gooey.
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Before you click the button,
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air resistance was barely noticeable,
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But as you're now a thousand times smaller,
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it's as if the air has become a thousand times denser.
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It feels like you're moving through honey.
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Flying insects like bees use this to their advantage.
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Their wings are not made for gliding,
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but like paddles that row through the air.
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Scaled up to human size,
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the bee would outrun a Concorde jet,
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except it couldn't even take off because it would be too heavy for its wings.
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The microscopic realm.
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You've entered the microscopic realm and are now less than 2 micrometers tall,
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about the size of an E coli bacteria.
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From your new tiny perspective,
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the park you started in is now a million kilometers wide to you.
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If you walked non-stop, it would take some 25 years to cross it.
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It's hard to grasp just how huge the microscopic world is to its tiny inhabitants.
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The giant bee that was close a moment ago is now the size of Mount Everest,
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towering high into the sky,
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but alive, humming and vibrating.
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The air here feels almost solid to you.
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On the human scale it would be as viscous as lava,
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extremely hard to push through.
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The blade of grass now expands so far you can't see its edges,
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stretching as wide as parrots would to a regular-sized human.
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You see valleys that look like dried-up riverbeds,
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dead patches like deserts, and giant craters left behind by voracious aphids.
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But if you look closely, this is not terrain.
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These are rows of individual cells,
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each the size of a house with hard exteriors like glass shells.
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Every few cells there are huge openings called stomata,
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like mouths sucking in air and blowing out oxygen.
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Suddenly, the gigantic bee begins to move.
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A construct made of rigid pieces that slide against each other like a suit of armor.
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It takes off to escape a drop of water the size of an asteroid
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that fell from another blade of grass and is now rushing at you at breathtaking speeds.
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You brace for impact, but instead of feeling a strong punch,
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you just get sucked in.
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You try to swim, but the water feels thick and sticky and holds onto your limbs like glue.
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Air molecules are free spirits,
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while water molecules act more like social creatures that group together whenever possible.
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They pull on each other and create a relatively strong cohesive force that traps you.
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You can't help it, but you're still moving,
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tumbling in all directions, helplessly dragged along by an invisible current.
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Floating in this miniature lake are tens of thousands of microorganisms.
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They take on many forms.
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Viruses the size of tennis balls float around you aimlessly.
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Others like Euglena oxyuricils pass you like freight trains.
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But most look like oily jellyfish the size of a car,
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sporting long tentacles that act like supercharged propellers.
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Despite the water holding onto them like glue,
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some move hundreds of body lengths per second,
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equivalent to a person shovelling through mud at over 600 kilometers an hour.
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However bacteria weigh so little and water is so viscous that they basically have no inertia,
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there is no gliding on this scale.
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The result is a weird jerky motion that's hard to keep track of.
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Maybe we can learn more about this strange motion if we go even deeper.
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The Molecule Realm You've become the size of a molecule,
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just under 2 nanometers wide.
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At your new tiny scale,
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the droplet now seems as big as the moon to a regular human.
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The blade of grass it rests on could reach from the tip of Alaska to the end of Australia,
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and the park is now almost the size of the solar system.
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But instead of mostly empty space,
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it is filled with stuff.
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Everywhere you look there are innumerable amounts of molecules and atoms.
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The rigid walls of the grass cells beneath you are clearly vibrating,
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rippling with waves of energy.
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The water droplet contains nearly a sextillion water molecules that are all in motion.
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Water is actually a storm of H2O molecules smashing into each other hundreds of trillions of times a second.
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Each of them is moving at speeds of around 2300 kilometers an hour and bombard their surroundings mercilessly,
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sending small objects hurtling in all directions.
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This is the source of the invisible current that you noticed when you were a thousand times larger.
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Scaling this speed up to the human scale is impossible,
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as a human-sized molecule would be two thousand times faster than the speed of light.
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All this furious motion comes from heat.
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Heat is a bit abstract at our human scale,
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where you touch something and get a vague sense of whether it's hot or cold.
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But down here, you really feel what heat is.
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motion of molecules, vibrating, twisting and colliding as if they're inside a furious ball pit.
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When these molecules lose heat,
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they move more slowly and collide less often.
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When they gain heat, they speed up and smash together with renewed fervor.
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Temperature is basically the measure of the average speed of these fantastic dancers performing all day.
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Suddenly, a molecule hits you especially hard,
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and you're catapulted out of the water droplet into the air again.
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But here, you see something unexpected.
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The stuff between the air molecules.
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Nothing.
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Between the molecules that make up the air, there is a vacuum.
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On average, a molecule in the air travels for about 60 nanometers,
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which is about the length of a hockey rink if it were the size of a human.
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If we were to compress all the molecules and atoms buzzing around in the room you're watching this in,
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they would only fill about 0.1% of its volume.
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99.9% of the space around you is a vacuum.
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You just don't notice it.
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Which also means that every time you take a breath,
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you breathe in mostly nothing with a few atoms.
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The subatomic realm.
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At your size of under two picometers,
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scale starts to lose its meaning.
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A human would be nearly two billion kilometers tall relative to you,
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so large they could stretch their arms from the Sun to Saturn.
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An atomic nucleus would be the size of a grain of sand you could hold on the tip of your finger.
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That grain holds 99.97% of the atom's mass.
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The rest, a sphere of influence about as large as the Eiffel Tower from your perspective,
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is filled with an electron cloud.
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That's basically all the places where electrons might be at any given moment in time.
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Electrons are shape-shifters that morph around outside a nucleus,
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creating a new and vibrating mess of different shapes with every new moment.
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Unlike the graceful motion of planets,
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the atomic nuclei are chaotic blurs.
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They bulge, roll, quiver and breathe.
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They hold back the same energy that powers nuclear bombs and it doesn't let them sit still.
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They twist and vibrate six-stillions of times a second.
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It's time to end our journey and return to… What are you doing?
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Stop it!
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The smallest place… We have reached the bottom,
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the border between reality and unreality.
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The scale here is the Planck length,
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which is the distance light travels in a Planck time.
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Planck time is the time it takes light to travel a Planck length.
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Hmm, okay, none of our models of the universe make sense at scales smaller than this,
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so for now, this is it.
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We think that down here,
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particles bubble into existence and then spontaneously disappear,
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creating a quantum foam of unimaginable energy.
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Can we go even smaller?
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We don't know.
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It's time to return.
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The universe is a large and strange If you look up,
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the universe is large and strange.
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So incredibly large and strange.
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But if you look down into the tiny and extremely tiny,
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the universe seems even larger and even stranger.
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In the end, the perfect place might be where you are right now.
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Not too big, not too small.
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This bird has magical powers.
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Let's see a demonstration.
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Bring in the latest scientific research.
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Wow, that's a lot of complicated stuff about the immune system and all its cells.
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How could someone possibly understand all of this?
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Incredible!
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This overview is delightful and easy to grasp, but still scientifically accurate.
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Let's make it a bit more difficult.
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Can she make all of evolution visible at a glance?
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This is brilliant!
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You can clearly see the relationships between species and how they evolved.
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And look at those illustrations!
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These posters are ready to be shared with the world.
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These very special pieces of Kurzgesagt are now available on our shop along with many other sciency products,
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all researched with care and created with love by the Burbs with magical powers.
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Every Kurzgesagt product you buy directly funds another moment we get to spend working on our videos.
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Thank you so much for being a part of our story and for making this channel possible.
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you
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このビデオでスピーキングを練習する理由
このビデオは、宇宙の未知なる側面を探求する旅を通じて、英語のスピーキング能力を向上させるための特別な機会を提供します。宇宙の広大さや微視的な世界についての豊かな描写を通じて、あなたは自然で流暢な表現を学ぶことができます。特に、英語シャドーイングを使用することで、リアルタイムで話す力を強化し、ナチュラルな英語のリズムやイントネーションを身に付けることが可能です。自分の声を録音したり、ビデオを見ながら言葉を真似したりすることで、耳を鍛えつつ話す技術を磨くことができます。
文法と文脈における表現
このビデオに登場するいくつかの重要な文法構造と表現を以下に示します。
- 比較級の使用: "four times taller than the Empire State Building"（エンパイア・ステート・ビルより4倍高い）。この表現を使うことで、比較の重要性を理解し、自信を持って自分の意見を述べることができます。
- 時間の表現: "it would take at least a week"（少なくとも1週間かかるだろう）。未来の事象を計画する際に役立つ構文です。
- 条件文: "if you walked non-stop"（もし休まずに歩いたら）。条件文を使うことで、仮定の状況について話す技術を向上させましょう。
共通の発音の罠
発音を練習する際、注意が必要な言葉や音があります。以下はビデオで取り上げられる際に特に難しい発音ポイントです。
- “vibrate”: 音の出し方に注意しましょう。「ヴァイブレート」の最初の部分が曖昧にならないように、クリアに発音することが重要です。
- “gigantic”: 「ジャイガンティック」という発音も要注意。特に「gi」の音は他の言語話者には難しい場合があります。
- “microscopic”: この語は、発音の流れを滑らかに保つための挑戦です。明瞭に区切って言うことで、言葉の印象を強めます。
これらのポイントを活用し、shadowspeakを実践することで、あなたの語彙と発音を共に強化し、流暢さを高めることを目指しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。