シャドーイング練習: The Dirty Business Behind Caffeine - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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- 20th of October, 1909, Eastridge, Tennessee, right at the border to Georgia.
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A team of FBI agents is positioned along a road.
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Their mission is to intercept a truck carrying dangerous goods.
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When it crosses the border, they stop the suspicious truck Without hesitation, they confiscate the entire load.
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60 barrels of Coca -Cola syrup the contents were adulterated with an addictive and harmful substance: caffeine.
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100 years later, the world looks pretty different.
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Starbucks, Monster, Mountain Dew, and Pills.
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At least 80 % of the world's population regularly consumes caffeine.
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You probably have some in your blood right now.
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Maybe you can't fall asleep and that's why you're watching this video.
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Monster energy!
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Put it in your body and ask questions later.
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One scientist calls our caffeine consumption one of the longest, largest unsupervised drug studies ever conducted on the human race.
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Although caffeine is one of the most studied substances in the world, there are always new findings.
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However, some companies realized very early on how much power this white powder entails.
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and they have repeatedly played down its effects.
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Caffeine is a global billion dollar business.
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How has a drug that is taken for granted today managed to conquer the whole world?
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And what dangers does it bring?
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The world's most widely used mood -altering drug.
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Is the coffee alright?
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Uh -uh.
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Nothing like a Coke.
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A cup of coffee is part of the study routine for many.
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Often, it's the sole motivator to keep on reading and learning.
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The platform Brilliant makes the studying so exciting that you might even be able to skip one of the coffees before.
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Brilliant gives you the skills that can be applied to everything, literally, all the way from basic logic to artificial intelligence.
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It does so in an engaging and playful way.
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You can customize the content and work through the exercises and problems at your own pace.
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Take a quick quiz when you sign up, and you'll get content matching your skill level and interests.
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We can highly recommend the new Brilliant course, How Technology Works.
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There are a lot of technologies surrounding us that we take for granted, but how does wireless communication, GPS, and computer memory actually work?
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To try everything Brilliant has to offer, free, for a full 30 days, visit brilliant .org slash fern or click on the link in the description.
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The first 200 of you will get 20 % off of Brilliant's annual premium subscription.
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Start developing new skills today.
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Caffeine is weird.
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Plants use caffeine to protect themselves from predators.
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It is found in coffee beans, cacao beans, and tea leaves.
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In its pure form it is a white powder, tastes bitter, and a bit soapy.
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A sixteenth of a teaspoon will properly wake you up in the morning.
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A quarter of a teaspoon will make your heart race, cause sweating, and anxiety.
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a tablespoon would kill you.
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However, moderate coffee consumption can even be healthy.
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It lowers the risk of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, dementia, and likely even depression.
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People love caffeine and have consumed it for several centuries.
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Europe in the Middle Ages.
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Monsters are still monsters.
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We have a hearty beer soup for breakfast, a glass of beer for lunch, and of course beer for dinner.
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Everyone drinks beer.
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Always.
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Not necessarily because of the alcohol, it contained little anyways, but because it tastes better than water.
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The average British drinks 3 liters a day, including children.
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In the 16th century a hot black drink from the Middle East amazes Europeans.
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It looks different than beer, it tastes different than beer, and it has a different effect than beer.
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Coffee drinkers are soon seen as productive and bourgeois, whereas beer drinkers are considered lazy and comfortable.
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In 1700, there were already 3 ,000 coffee houses in London.
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Trade, literature, science, and philosophy flourished there.
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Some historians even claim that the Age of Enlightenment and industrialization would not have been possible without coffee.
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Meanwhile, coffee is an extremely controversial topic at the time.
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Charles II, believes that his people could plan his coup while hooked on coffee.
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He therefore bans all coffee houses.
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The public outcry is so great that he revokes the ban just a few days later.
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Frederick the Great bans coffee roasters, to combat the flourishing black market, the Prussian king hires 400 so -called "coffee sniffers" to track down illegal coffee roasters.
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The ban is lifted immediately after his death, No caffeine ban in history was successful in the long run.
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The world's largest beverage manufacturer of today also made sure of this.
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Coca -Cola was invented by a pharmacist called John Pemberton.
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It was initially advertised as a medicine.
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It's said to cure headaches, hysteria, and melancholy.
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But above all, Coca -Cola does one thing: It wakes you up because it contains cocaine and caffeine.
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Coca -Cola soon has to remove the cocaine, but it still contains caffeine, plenty of it.
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At the beginning of the 20th century, the drink has as much caffeine as today's energy drinks.
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Caffeine has been the enemy of one man from the very beginning, Harvey Washington Wiley.
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He's the head of the Bureau of Chemistry, the predecessor of the powerful Food and Drug Administration.
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"He cannot believe that children as young as four are drinking cola." In his opinion, the substance is just as addictive as opium.
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He declares war on Coca -Cola and orders the FBI to confiscate a shipment of the evil drink.
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A spectacular court case develops that will pave the way for caffeinated drinks forever the entire United States is watching.
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The soon to be most powerful government in the world against the soon to be largest beverage manufacturer in the world.
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Coca -Cola.
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Wiley and his office call more than 20 witnesses, including doctors, scientists, and regular coke drinkers.
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In their closing statement, They confidently say: Caffeine is a dangerous drug that could be even regarded as poisonous.
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Coca -Cola quickly commissions the study itself, as there are virtually no caffeine studies on humans at the time, They hire a young psychologist, give him a lot of money,
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and have him carry out a number of experiments in just a few weeks.
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The young scientist delivers exonerating results.
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His conclusion in court: Caffeine is harmless.
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Even better, caffeine has a physical and mental performance enhancing effect.
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Jackpot.
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Coca -Cola wins.
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Later, however, there is an out -of -court settlement and Coca -Cola reduces its caffeine content.
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But what remains in the public eye is that Coca -Cola won,
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and caffeine is a wonder drug with no side effects and so begins a century of unrestrained caffeine consumption.
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In the USA, black filter coffee and caffeinated soft drinks initially take off.
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Then, in the 90s, Starbucks overtakes the drip coffee.
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The recipe for success?
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A roast that makes the coffee taste less bitter.
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Sugar, cream, and very large portions with a matching amount of caffeine.
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And just when people thought there couldn't be any more caffeine and sugar in a drink, energy drinks entered the scene.
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In 1987, the first Red Bull can is launched on the market.
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Ten years later, there are countless suppliers who outdo each other with larger cans and even more caffeine.
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In some cases there are even 700ml cans.
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Before you realize it, it's 2024 and caffeine is everywhere, an industry worth hundreds of billions.
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It's been a hundred years since Coca -Cola's court case, and in the meantime, it became evident that the wonder drug may have a few side effects after all.
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First of all, caffeine is not a dangerous evil drug.
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It does not ruin lives or destroy families.
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Although there are cases of caffeine poisoning, emergency room visits and even deaths, These are extremely rare.
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According to experts, adults can safely drink a caffeine equivalent of four cups of coffee or two monster energy drinks every day.
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As a teenager, about half as much or even just a quarter.
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That's only considering the caffeine.
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Monster energy is of course super unhealthy, we wouldn't recommend drinking one monster a day.
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Some people are particularly sensitive to caffeine.
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Their heart might start to race or they break out in a sweat after just one cup of coffee.
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This is genetically determined.
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Others can still seem to sleep like a baby after a double espresso for dessert.
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The dosage one can take is individual.
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But even with harmless amounts of caffeine, There are hidden dangers.
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In one experiment, scientists gave test subjects a soft drink with a new flavor.
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One with caffeine, one without.
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They didn't know which was which.
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The one with caffeine was the clear favorite.
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Although the caffeine level in Coca -Cola is so low, it still has a noticeable effect.
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You know, at a lower level, caffeine just sort of makes you feel good.
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It gives you a little bit of a boost.
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And even this small boost makes us choose the caffeinated soft drink more frequently.
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You might not even notice that subtle boost, but you will be more likely to pick up
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that product again than say an uncaffeinated product that didn't make you feel good.
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This is Murray Carpenter, journalist and author of the book "Caffeinated".
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Our body likes caffeine so much that it unconsciously favors almost anything with added caffeine.
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In one experiment, Participants even loved caffeinated yogurt over decaf yogurt.
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Caffeine can definitely be physically addictive, according to Dr. Roland Griffiths one of the leading researchers in the field.
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The drug that more people in the world are dependent on is caffeine.
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But it's the world's most widely used mood -altering drug,
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and it turns out that it does produce physical and psychological dependence.
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According to Griffiths, the mild addiction develops even with small daily doses, a small cup of coffee every day.
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This little addiction pays off for the industry.
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Eight of the ten most popular soft drinks in the US have added caffeine.
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Caffeine unconsciously leads people to consume more sugar, and sugar is quite unhealthy.
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Coca -Cola claims that they need caffeine for the flavor of their coke.
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In fact, bitter substances can round off the flavor.
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But you could also use many other bitter substances for this.
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Perhaps one that is not addictive, even in small quantities.
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Scientific blind tastings have also shown that the vast majority of people cannot taste caffeine and Coca -Cola.
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Nonetheless, the beverage conglomerate sticks to the taste argument.
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I think when Coca -Cola has said that, I would have to say it's disingenuous because Coca -Cola scientists know full well,
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everything that we know about caffeine.
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Energy drinks have just as much sugar as coke, but roughly three times as much caffeine.
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For most adults, this is not a problem if they don't overdo it.
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In Europe however, two out of three teenagers and even one in five children consume energy drinks.
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In the US, one in three teenagers consumes energy drinks.
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Minors tolerate caffeine much worse than adults and are much more sensitive.
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Studies show that too much energy drink can have harmful side effects for young people.
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Then there were adverse effects of young, healthy, young, young, young people.
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Like Herzrasen, anxiety, nervousness.
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and also changes in the EKG.
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There is evidence that long -term energy during consumption can lead to cardiovascular problems among children and adolescents.
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Unfortunately, however, there are still no conclusive studies on this.
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Consumer advocates and pediatrician associations are demanding stricter rules.
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such as a complete ban on advertising energy drinks to teenagers and children.
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These dangers of caffeinated drinks have not been taken seriously for a long time.
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thanks in part to the multi -million dollar lobbying efforts of soft drink and energy drink companies.
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One of the most important lobby groups is the American Beverage Association, which was founded in 1919.
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Behind it are Coca -Cola, Pepsi, Dr. Pepper and many others.
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They fund scientists who confirm their views on caffeine and sugar, For example, the group argues against stricter regulation of energy drinks for children and teenagers.
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Lobbying, a slight addiction, and above all, the awakening performance enhancing effect.
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All of this contributed to the massive success of caffeine.
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Why should we question a miracle drug that allows us to become more productive within a few minutes?
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Caffeine is perfect for the hyper -fast, performance -oriented times we live in.
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But it's also a time in which it's become increasingly difficult for many people to calm down and relax.
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It's easy to forget, but physical and mental rest and recovery are extremely important for our well -being.
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And caffeine actively opposes it, to some extent.
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Caffeine blocks the absorption of the neurotransmitter adenosine.
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Adenosine tells us that we are tired.
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On caffeine, we do not receive this message.
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The body wants to rest, but we feel awake.
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For quite some time, actually.
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About 5 hours after a cup of coffee, half of the caffeine we consumed is still in our body.
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After 12 hours, a quarter of the dose is still in our system.
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latte at 2 p .m., you'll still have an equivalent of half a can of Red Bull in your system at 2 a .m.
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Caffeine makes you fall asleep later and wakes you up earlier.
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it also destroys your deep sleep, the sleep phase that is most important for recovery and restoration for the next day.
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We wake up tired in the morning even though we have slept for a solid 7 -8 hours.
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And what helps against tiredness in the morning?
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"Ah shit, here we go again." Coffee is often the solution to the problem it has created.
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People drink coffee in the morning to compensate for their coffee -induced sleep deficit.
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"You can get into a sort of vicious cycle with caffeine for sure." Temporary coffee withdrawal is easy for most people.
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But there are still withdrawal symptoms.
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These include headaches, tiredness, mood swings, and concentration difficulties.
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They can occur after just 12 hours and last for 5 -7 days.
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A few years ago, caffeine withdrawal was included as a mental disorder, and the diagnostic management of caffeine was included in the hospital of American Psychiatrists.
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Several studies suggest that people with a high caffeine consumption are more prone to long -term fatigue.
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For the same wakening effect, they need to consume more and more caffeine.
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Experts recommend: Eliminating caffeine, say six or seven hours before bedtime seems to be a very good habit.
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Caffeine transformed a society of heavy drinkers into a society of wakeful, clear -thinking, productive coffee drinkers.
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Large international corporations use the addictive effect to make liquid sugar even more attractive.
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They disguise, play down, and lobby.
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They also accept the risk of potentially damaging the health of children and young people.
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Today, caffeine is the drug of our time, without any excessive side effects.
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But the subtle undertone of caffeine is always: you don't need to rest when you're tired, just have a coffee.
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But it's more important than ever to listen to the signs
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of fatigue of your own body from time to time and relax.
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この動画で身につける英語スピーキングのスキル
「The Dirty Business Behind Caffeine」という動画は、英語スピーキング練習に最適な素材です。特に、歴史的な出来事や科学的な事実を説明する際の論理的な語順と、カフェインの効果のような複雑なテーマを分かりやすく伝える説明力を養うことができます。また、YouTubeで英語学習をする際に重要なリアルなスピードのリスニングにも挑戦できます。
聞き取りに注意すべき発音・リンキング
動画の中には、自然な英語の発音の特徴がたくさんあります。例えば、「caffeine consumption」は「カフィーン コンサンプション」ではなく、リンキングにより「カフィーンコンサンプション」となり、語尾の「e」が弱くなります。また、「a team of FBI agents」は「ア ティーム オブ エフビーアイ エージェンツ」ではなく、「アティームオブエフビーアイエージェンツ」となり、単語間の隙間がなくなります。これらの連結発音を聞き取ることで、よりネイティブらしい発音に近づけます。
ネイティブのように話すコツ：リズムとアクセント
ネイティブスピーカーの話し方の特徴は、リズムとアクセントにあります。動画では、「dangerous goods」「addictive and harmful substance」などのフレーズで、重要な単語にアクセントが置かれています。例えば、「dangerous」は「デインジャラス」ではなく「デインジャラス」（アクセントは2番目の音节）、「harmful」は「ハームフル」（アクセントは1番目の音节）と発音します。また、文のリズムは、短い単語を速く、長い単語をゆっくり話すことで作られています。これらを真似る「shadowing」（シャドーイング）をすることで、自然な話し方が身につきます。shadowing siteやYouTubeの動画を使って、毎日少しずつ練習すると効果的です。
「shadowspeaks」や「shadow speak」という方法も人気で、ネイティブの発音に合わせて即座に繰り返すことで、発音やリズムを鍛えることができます。この動画を使って、カフェインの歴史や科学的な知識を学びながら、英語スピーキングのスキルを向上させましょう。
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | is positioned · were adulterated · is taken |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | have consumed · has been · have added |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | know which was · Association, which was |
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。