Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: The Dirty Business Behind Caffeine
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- 20th of October, 1909, Eastridge, Tennessee, right at the border to Georgia.
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A team of FBI agents is positioned along a road.
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Their mission is to intercept a truck carrying dangerous goods.
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When it crosses the border, they stop the suspicious truck Without hesitation, they confiscate the entire load.
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60 barrels of Coca -Cola syrup the contents were adulterated with an addictive and harmful substance: caffeine.
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100 years later, the world looks pretty different.
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Starbucks, Monster, Mountain Dew, and Pills.
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At least 80 % of the world's population regularly consumes caffeine.
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You probably have some in your blood right now.
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Maybe you can't fall asleep and that's why you're watching this video.
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Monster energy!
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Put it in your body and ask questions later.
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One scientist calls our caffeine consumption one of the longest, largest unsupervised drug studies ever conducted on the human race.
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Although caffeine is one of the most studied substances in the world, there are always new findings.
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However, some companies realized very early on how much power this white powder entails.
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and they have repeatedly played down its effects.
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Caffeine is a global billion dollar business.
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How has a drug that is taken for granted today managed to conquer the whole world?
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And what dangers does it bring?
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The world's most widely used mood -altering drug.
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Is the coffee alright?
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Uh -uh.
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Nothing like a Coke.
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A cup of coffee is part of the study routine for many.
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Often, it's the sole motivator to keep on reading and learning.
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The platform Brilliant makes the studying so exciting that you might even be able to skip one of the coffees before.
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Brilliant gives you the skills that can be applied to everything, literally, all the way from basic logic to artificial intelligence.
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It does so in an engaging and playful way.
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You can customize the content and work through the exercises and problems at your own pace.
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Take a quick quiz when you sign up, and you'll get content matching your skill level and interests.
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We can highly recommend the new Brilliant course, How Technology Works.
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There are a lot of technologies surrounding us that we take for granted, but how does wireless communication, GPS, and computer memory actually work?
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To try everything Brilliant has to offer, free, for a full 30 days, visit brilliant .org slash fern or click on the link in the description.
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The first 200 of you will get 20 % off of Brilliant's annual premium subscription.
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Start developing new skills today.
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Caffeine is weird.
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Plants use caffeine to protect themselves from predators.
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It is found in coffee beans, cacao beans, and tea leaves.
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In its pure form it is a white powder, tastes bitter, and a bit soapy.
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A sixteenth of a teaspoon will properly wake you up in the morning.
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A quarter of a teaspoon will make your heart race, cause sweating, and anxiety.
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a tablespoon would kill you.
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However, moderate coffee consumption can even be healthy.
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It lowers the risk of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, dementia, and likely even depression.
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People love caffeine and have consumed it for several centuries.
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Europe in the Middle Ages.
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Monsters are still monsters.
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We have a hearty beer soup for breakfast, a glass of beer for lunch, and of course beer for dinner.
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Everyone drinks beer.
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Always.
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Not necessarily because of the alcohol, it contained little anyways, but because it tastes better than water.
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The average British drinks 3 liters a day, including children.
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In the 16th century a hot black drink from the Middle East amazes Europeans.
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It looks different than beer, it tastes different than beer, and it has a different effect than beer.
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Coffee drinkers are soon seen as productive and bourgeois, whereas beer drinkers are considered lazy and comfortable.
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In 1700, there were already 3 ,000 coffee houses in London.
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Trade, literature, science, and philosophy flourished there.
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Some historians even claim that the Age of Enlightenment and industrialization would not have been possible without coffee.
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Meanwhile, coffee is an extremely controversial topic at the time.
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Charles II, believes that his people could plan his coup while hooked on coffee.
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He therefore bans all coffee houses.
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The public outcry is so great that he revokes the ban just a few days later.
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Frederick the Great bans coffee roasters, to combat the flourishing black market, the Prussian king hires 400 so -called "coffee sniffers" to track down illegal coffee roasters.
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The ban is lifted immediately after his death, No caffeine ban in history was successful in the long run.
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The world's largest beverage manufacturer of today also made sure of this.
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Coca -Cola was invented by a pharmacist called John Pemberton.
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It was initially advertised as a medicine.
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It's said to cure headaches, hysteria, and melancholy.
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But above all, Coca -Cola does one thing: It wakes you up because it contains cocaine and caffeine.
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Coca -Cola soon has to remove the cocaine, but it still contains caffeine, plenty of it.
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At the beginning of the 20th century, the drink has as much caffeine as today's energy drinks.
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Caffeine has been the enemy of one man from the very beginning, Harvey Washington Wiley.
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He's the head of the Bureau of Chemistry, the predecessor of the powerful Food and Drug Administration.
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"He cannot believe that children as young as four are drinking cola." In his opinion, the substance is just as addictive as opium.
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He declares war on Coca -Cola and orders the FBI to confiscate a shipment of the evil drink.
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A spectacular court case develops that will pave the way for caffeinated drinks forever the entire United States is watching.
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The soon to be most powerful government in the world against the soon to be largest beverage manufacturer in the world.
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Coca -Cola.
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Wiley and his office call more than 20 witnesses, including doctors, scientists, and regular coke drinkers.
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In their closing statement, They confidently say: Caffeine is a dangerous drug that could be even regarded as poisonous.
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Coca -Cola quickly commissions the study itself, as there are virtually no caffeine studies on humans at the time, They hire a young psychologist, give him a lot of money,
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and have him carry out a number of experiments in just a few weeks.
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The young scientist delivers exonerating results.
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His conclusion in court: Caffeine is harmless.
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Even better, caffeine has a physical and mental performance enhancing effect.
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Jackpot.
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Coca -Cola wins.
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Later, however, there is an out -of -court settlement and Coca -Cola reduces its caffeine content.
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But what remains in the public eye is that Coca -Cola won,
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and caffeine is a wonder drug with no side effects and so begins a century of unrestrained caffeine consumption.
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In the USA, black filter coffee and caffeinated soft drinks initially take off.
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Then, in the 90s, Starbucks overtakes the drip coffee.
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The recipe for success?
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A roast that makes the coffee taste less bitter.
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Sugar, cream, and very large portions with a matching amount of caffeine.
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And just when people thought there couldn't be any more caffeine and sugar in a drink, energy drinks entered the scene.
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In 1987, the first Red Bull can is launched on the market.
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Ten years later, there are countless suppliers who outdo each other with larger cans and even more caffeine.
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In some cases there are even 700ml cans.
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Before you realize it, it's 2024 and caffeine is everywhere, an industry worth hundreds of billions.
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It's been a hundred years since Coca -Cola's court case, and in the meantime, it became evident that the wonder drug may have a few side effects after all.
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First of all, caffeine is not a dangerous evil drug.
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It does not ruin lives or destroy families.
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Although there are cases of caffeine poisoning, emergency room visits and even deaths, These are extremely rare.
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According to experts, adults can safely drink a caffeine equivalent of four cups of coffee or two monster energy drinks every day.
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As a teenager, about half as much or even just a quarter.
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That's only considering the caffeine.
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Monster energy is of course super unhealthy, we wouldn't recommend drinking one monster a day.
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Some people are particularly sensitive to caffeine.
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Their heart might start to race or they break out in a sweat after just one cup of coffee.
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This is genetically determined.
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Others can still seem to sleep like a baby after a double espresso for dessert.
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The dosage one can take is individual.
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But even with harmless amounts of caffeine, There are hidden dangers.
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In one experiment, scientists gave test subjects a soft drink with a new flavor.
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One with caffeine, one without.
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They didn't know which was which.
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The one with caffeine was the clear favorite.
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Although the caffeine level in Coca -Cola is so low, it still has a noticeable effect.
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You know, at a lower level, caffeine just sort of makes you feel good.
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It gives you a little bit of a boost.
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And even this small boost makes us choose the caffeinated soft drink more frequently.
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You might not even notice that subtle boost, but you will be more likely to pick up
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that product again than say an uncaffeinated product that didn't make you feel good.
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This is Murray Carpenter, journalist and author of the book "Caffeinated".
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Our body likes caffeine so much that it unconsciously favors almost anything with added caffeine.
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In one experiment, Participants even loved caffeinated yogurt over decaf yogurt.
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Caffeine can definitely be physically addictive, according to Dr. Roland Griffiths one of the leading researchers in the field.
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The drug that more people in the world are dependent on is caffeine.
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But it's the world's most widely used mood -altering drug,
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and it turns out that it does produce physical and psychological dependence.
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According to Griffiths, the mild addiction develops even with small daily doses, a small cup of coffee every day.
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This little addiction pays off for the industry.
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Eight of the ten most popular soft drinks in the US have added caffeine.
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Caffeine unconsciously leads people to consume more sugar, and sugar is quite unhealthy.
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Coca -Cola claims that they need caffeine for the flavor of their coke.
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In fact, bitter substances can round off the flavor.
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But you could also use many other bitter substances for this.
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Perhaps one that is not addictive, even in small quantities.
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Scientific blind tastings have also shown that the vast majority of people cannot taste caffeine and Coca -Cola.
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Nonetheless, the beverage conglomerate sticks to the taste argument.
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I think when Coca -Cola has said that, I would have to say it's disingenuous because Coca -Cola scientists know full well,
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everything that we know about caffeine.
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Energy drinks have just as much sugar as coke, but roughly three times as much caffeine.
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For most adults, this is not a problem if they don't overdo it.
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In Europe however, two out of three teenagers and even one in five children consume energy drinks.
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In the US, one in three teenagers consumes energy drinks.
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Minors tolerate caffeine much worse than adults and are much more sensitive.
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Studies show that too much energy drink can have harmful side effects for young people.
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Then there were adverse effects of young, healthy, young, young, young people.
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Like Herzrasen, anxiety, nervousness.
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and also changes in the EKG.
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There is evidence that long -term energy during consumption can lead to cardiovascular problems among children and adolescents.
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Unfortunately, however, there are still no conclusive studies on this.
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Consumer advocates and pediatrician associations are demanding stricter rules.
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such as a complete ban on advertising energy drinks to teenagers and children.
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These dangers of caffeinated drinks have not been taken seriously for a long time.
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thanks in part to the multi -million dollar lobbying efforts of soft drink and energy drink companies.
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One of the most important lobby groups is the American Beverage Association, which was founded in 1919.
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Behind it are Coca -Cola, Pepsi, Dr. Pepper and many others.
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They fund scientists who confirm their views on caffeine and sugar, For example, the group argues against stricter regulation of energy drinks for children and teenagers.
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Lobbying, a slight addiction, and above all, the awakening performance enhancing effect.
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All of this contributed to the massive success of caffeine.
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Why should we question a miracle drug that allows us to become more productive within a few minutes?
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Caffeine is perfect for the hyper -fast, performance -oriented times we live in.
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But it's also a time in which it's become increasingly difficult for many people to calm down and relax.
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It's easy to forget, but physical and mental rest and recovery are extremely important for our well -being.
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And caffeine actively opposes it, to some extent.
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Caffeine blocks the absorption of the neurotransmitter adenosine.
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Adenosine tells us that we are tired.
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On caffeine, we do not receive this message.
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The body wants to rest, but we feel awake.
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For quite some time, actually.
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About 5 hours after a cup of coffee, half of the caffeine we consumed is still in our body.
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After 12 hours, a quarter of the dose is still in our system.
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latte at 2 p .m., you'll still have an equivalent of half a can of Red Bull in your system at 2 a .m.
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Caffeine makes you fall asleep later and wakes you up earlier.
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it also destroys your deep sleep, the sleep phase that is most important for recovery and restoration for the next day.
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We wake up tired in the morning even though we have slept for a solid 7 -8 hours.
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And what helps against tiredness in the morning?
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"Ah shit, here we go again." Coffee is often the solution to the problem it has created.
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People drink coffee in the morning to compensate for their coffee -induced sleep deficit.
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"You can get into a sort of vicious cycle with caffeine for sure." Temporary coffee withdrawal is easy for most people.
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But there are still withdrawal symptoms.
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These include headaches, tiredness, mood swings, and concentration difficulties.
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They can occur after just 12 hours and last for 5 -7 days.
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A few years ago, caffeine withdrawal was included as a mental disorder, and the diagnostic management of caffeine was included in the hospital of American Psychiatrists.
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Several studies suggest that people with a high caffeine consumption are more prone to long -term fatigue.
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For the same wakening effect, they need to consume more and more caffeine.
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Experts recommend: Eliminating caffeine, say six or seven hours before bedtime seems to be a very good habit.
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Caffeine transformed a society of heavy drinkers into a society of wakeful, clear -thinking, productive coffee drinkers.
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Large international corporations use the addictive effect to make liquid sugar even more attractive.
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They disguise, play down, and lobby.
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They also accept the risk of potentially damaging the health of children and young people.
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Today, caffeine is the drug of our time, without any excessive side effects.
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But the subtle undertone of caffeine is always: you don't need to rest when you're tired, just have a coffee.
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But it's more important than ever to listen to the signs
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of fatigue of your own body from time to time and relax.
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Bối cảnh & Nền tảng
Trong video này, chúng ta được khám phá một câu chuyện thú vị về caffeine, một chất kích thích phổ biến trên toàn thế giới. Bắt đầu từ một sự kiện vào năm 1909 ở Tennessee, nơi các đặc vụ FBI đã bắt giữ một chiếc xe tải chở syrup Coca-Cola bị pha trộn với caffeine, chúng ta thấy rằng caffeine không chỉ là một thành phần trong đồ uống mà còn có một lịch sử dài với nhiều khía cạnh thú vị. Video không chỉ đơn thuần nói về caffeine mà còn đề cập đến tác động của nó đến con người và cách mà nó đã trở thành một phần thiết yếu trong cuộc sống hàng ngày của nhiều người.
5 Câu Nói Hữu Ích Cho Giao Tiếp Hằng Ngày
- “Caffeine is weird.” - Caffeine thật kỳ lạ.
- “Put it in your body and ask questions later.” - Hãy uống nó đi và hỏi sao sau.
- “A cup of coffee is part of the study routine for many.” - Một tách cà phê là phần không thể thiếu trong thói quen học tập của nhiều người.
- “How has a drug that is taken for granted today managed to conquer the whole world?” - Làm thế nào mà một chất kích thích được coi là hiển nhiên ngày nay lại có thể chinh phục toàn thế giới?
- “Moderate coffee consumption can even be healthy.” - Việc tiêu thụ cà phê ở mức độ vừa phải thậm chí có thể có lợi cho sức khỏe.
Hướng Dẫn Shadowing Bước Từng Bước
Để cải thiện khả năng phát âm tiếng Anh chuẩn của bạn thông qua video này, bạn có thể áp dụng kỹ thuật shadowing. Dưới đây là một hướng dẫn từng bước:
- Xem video lần đầu: Hãy xem toàn bộ video để nắm bắt nội dung và ngữ điệu của người nói.
- Nghe và nhắc lại: Phát video lại và thử nhắc lại các câu nói theo cách của bạn. Chú ý đến ngữ điệu, nhấn mạnh từ ngữ.
- Sử dụng phần mềm shadowing: Nếu bạn có phần mềm shadowing, hãy sử dụng nó để thực hành. Công cụ này giúp bạn theo dõi cách phát âm và cải thiện dần dần.
- Lặp lại nhiều lần: Đừng ngại lặp lại. Thực hành thường xuyên sẽ giúp bạn tự tin hơn trong giao tiếp tiếng Anh.
- Ghi âm lại: Ghi âm lại giọng nói của bạn và so sánh với video để nhận diện những điểm cần cải thiện.
Bằng cách áp dụng những bước này, bạn sẽ thấy sự tiến bộ đáng kể trong việc nâng cao khả năng giao tiếp tiếng Anh của mình. Hãy nhớ rằng mỗi người học có một tốc độ riêng, vì vậy hãy kiên nhẫn và tiếp tục thực hành với những nội dung phong phú như video này. Shadowing tiếng Anh không chỉ giúp bạn phát âm chuẩn hơn mà còn giúp bạn cảm nhận được cách sử dụng ngôn ngữ trong bối cảnh thực tế.
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | is positioned · were adulterated · is taken |
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | have consumed · has been · have added |
| Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật | know which was · Association, which was |
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.