シャドーイング練習: What I Wish I'd Known When Starting Law School - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Today I'm going to be talking to you about a couple of things
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Today I'm going to be talking to you about a couple of things
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that I wish I had known going into law school.
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I'm a 1L going into my winter quarter,
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and we're on the quarter system here,
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but most law schools will be going into their winter semester.
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I wanted to make this video because I was actually super apprehensive and anxious going into law school and,
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you know, throughout the whole process.
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Because once you accept your law school and you decide where you're going,
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that's a moment of, you know,
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real triumph and excitement, and it feels like a huge decisive step.
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but then after that you have this sort of blank period of waiting
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and for me personally I felt like I should spend all of
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that time prepping or doing something to get ready and I didn't know what that should be.
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If you are going to law school you're probably a type A personality
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or sort of type A adjacent
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and those of us who have those personalities we always like to go into a situation as prepared as possible
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but with law school it's not always possible to do that and In fact,
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it's not super helpful to try and pre-learn the law.
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I mean, I remember the sensation of trying to read this book on the history of the Constitution,
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which I had never studied before,
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and thinking, oh my god,
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I have to get through this book.
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If I can't get through this,
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how will I get through law school?
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And just really stressing myself out over the summer before law school started.
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And in the end, none of that mattered at all and had nothing to do with how well I did in school.
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I wanted to make this video now
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because a lot of you probably are getting your acceptances
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and starting to make that decision I know that sort of anxiety process is beginning in some of you.
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It was for me I also wanted to wait to make
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this video until I got some of my fall quarter grades to know Whether I would be basically qualified
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or not to make this and turns out I am
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So here we go First thing to note is
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that law school is going to test you on two very separate skill sets.
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When you're in the daily grind of classes,
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it's going to feel quite different from when you're taking your exam,
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which for a lot of schools is what determines your entire grade for the class.
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It's not going to be like an undergrad where you had,
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you know, problem sets or shorter papers plus participation.
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For the most part, your beginning classes are going to be determined by a single exam.
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For us at Stanford, we basically sat for three to four hours in a room all together
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and typed as much as we could as quickly as we could.
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And that, you know, 14 to 20 page essay that we generated was what we were graded on.
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All of that is very different from what you need to do to prepare for class.
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It's important to keep in mind,
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first of all, that some people are going to seem really,
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really brilliant in class because they talk all the time.
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For one thing, the amount of speaking you do in class and your understanding of the material are not exactly always correlated.
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People, you know, have different approaches to speaking out loud in class and you shouldn't feel pressured to,
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you know, speak just for the sake of speaking.
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Secondly, being prepared for class means knowing the minutia of cases really well and understanding the issues of each particular case.
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And while you will be tested on issues in the final exam,
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it's not always going to be the same sort of stuff.
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So for example, in class,
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you know, if you get cold called,
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which is something where the professor just,
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you know, randomly calls your name and you have to answer on the fly,
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the professor might ask you about the procedural history of a case.
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Stages of trial went through,
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like did it get appealed,
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where was it first heard,
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you know, what sort of court.
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All of that will feel extremely important in the moment of class where,
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you know, you're speaking in front of your classmates and the spotlight's kind of on you.
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But for the vast majority of cases that we studied,
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none of that procedural history really came up on the final exam at all
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because it's not super relevant to the application of these cases to the sort of black letter law itself.
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Black letter law is basically the actual rule that the case created.
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So that's one thing to keep in mind,
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that your class skills and your exam skills are two separate things.
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So you know you do want to be very prepared for class
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but keep in mind that at the end of
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that road you're going to be asked to do something fairly different
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which is analyze everything that you've learned in that class sort of holistically.
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They use the metaphor of the forest and the trees a lot
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so for the exam you're going to do a forest type approach
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but
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when you're going from class to class day to day it
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feels very much like you're in the thick of the forest
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and it can be easy to lose sight of the final goal
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which is to get sort of an overall understanding of the material
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which brings me to my second point
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so in your orientation you'll most likely learn how the basics
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of briefing a case the word briefing is kind of it was a little bit confusing for me at first
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because it means different things so briefing a case in
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that situation is just reading the case in your case book
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and writing yourself a mini outline of the important point so
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that you can later talk about it in class
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or study you know make your outline for finals from it um you'll also be writing briefs
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which are another thing entirely
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so don't get those mixed up we learned a sort of standard briefing structure
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which is first facts
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so what are the facts of the case what literally happened the procedural posture
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which is you know what court did it start in how did it end up in this court issue
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so the issue of law that the court in the opinion is is trying to determine the rule,
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pretty straightforward, so like what rule is going to be passed down from this case the holding
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which is the holding is basically another word for the outcome of the case
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but holdings can be construed broadly or narrowly
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so a holding might be something like in every case involving
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a ship of this kind x will happen you know x will be applied
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that sort of thing the reasoning of the court in coming to that holding or conclusion,
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and then any dissents that,
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you know, might be interesting or useful to understand the issue.
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Dissent will often be most important in Supreme Court cases.
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It's a basic structure of briefing a case for class.
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So again, facts, procedural posture,
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issue, rule, holding, reasoning, and dissent.
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That's how I basically structure them.
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Every case that I read,
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I try, I really try,
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but you know, you can't always,
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sometimes run out of time.
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But I try to write out all those categories
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and then put you know little bullets under each one some people have different methods
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and it's actually important to note that briefing the case for class
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that is just for you
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so whatever method helps you understand more fully what the case is about is the best method
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so for some people they switch the order of the categories
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so maybe the reasoning goes before the holding
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or the rule comes after the holding
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that doesn't really matter it's just as long as it makes sense to you you You might also add different categories.
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So some people like to split the reasoning into the plaintiff's argument,
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defendant's argument, then the court's sort of approach to synthesizing both of those arguments or picking one side over the other.
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Don't get bogged down by the categories and the need to produce a perfect product in your case brief.
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It's really about making something that is functional and that will help you approach your classes.
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The third point I would emphasize is staying on top of your daily notes.
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So of course going to class is very important
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and taking good notes is very important because
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when you sit down at the end of the quarter or semester to try to pull together your outline,
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your notes are going to be the foundation of your review.
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You know, most of us going into law school were strong students
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and we feel that we know how to study and that's true.
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But for me anyway, law school involved a much greater amount of detail that I wasn't particularly super interested in.
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For each case, you know,
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there's a lot of minutiae that you need to keep track of.
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Things that also feel counterintuitive because they have historical roots in law that,
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you know, it's not always clear exactly how we got to
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that point it's very important to keep track of all that
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because if you fall behind it's very difficult to catch up
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so making sure that you have a well-structured note-taking system
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that makes sense to you and
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that you keep on top of it every day every week it feels very tedious and difficult,
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but it's going to pay off at the end when you're trying to make that outline.
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We have a database called Slata,
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and we use those outlines.
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Former students of the class can upload their outlines,
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and you can use that as a guide for creating your own.
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I did that, but it's not enough to just rely on
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that because obviously course material changes from year to year
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so it's very important to have your own notes to rely
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on it also feels weird to try to go off of someone else's notes
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because it's like picking someone else's brain things are organized differently
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and things are emphasized differently
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so having your own notes is very important the last thing i'll mention is how important it is to try
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and carve out time for yourself i mean i talked to current students here before coming
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and they did tell me that you know fall semester was going to be extremely difficult
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and honestly going in i was like you know i was an English graduate student.
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I used to sit and read for like eight or ten hours a day.
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How much harder could it be?
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It's harder.
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It's harder.
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Fall quarter, we basically had,
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you know, four hours of class a day
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and literally the almost the entire rest of the day I would spend reading for the next day's classes
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and I would also spend all of the weekend reading except for Friday nights and maybe like one morning or afternoon,
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like Saturday afternoon or Sunday afternoon,
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but most of the weekend was also spent reading and it was very very difficult not to burn out.
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I mean luckily my boyfriend,
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now fiance, was living with me
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and he you know really helped take care of me
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and made sure that I wasn't just totally getting this tunnel vision
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but beyond that you know you really can't rely too much on other people to take care of you obviously.
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You need to look out for yourself and part of
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that is making sure that you put your body and your health as a priority.
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Making time to work out,
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making sure you're eating and trying to maybe cook for yourself also,
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those are all nice things that give you a little bit of room to breathe
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because otherwise it can get very overwhelming very quickly.
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It's difficult to find that balance and it's something that you have to actively cultivate in yourself before you start school.
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So those are my very basic,
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very general tips, things that I wish I had known going into fall quarter.
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If you guys have any questions,
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please feel free to leave them in the comments below.
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If you haven't subscribed yet,
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please subscribe and let me know what else you would like to know about the law school experience.
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I would love to talk to you guys about it.
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Thank you.
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See you next time.
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この動画でスピーキングを練習する理由は？
法律学校に入学する際の心構えや準備についてのこの動画は、英語スピーキング練習にとって非常に有益です。話者が自身の体験を通して語る内容は、法律用語や実生活で使われるフレーズが多く含まれており、実際の会話での応用力が高まります。特に、英語シャドーイングを通じて、聞き取った内容をすぐに口に出すことで、リスニング力だけでなくスピーキング力も同時に鍛えることができます。
文法と表現の文脈
- "I wish I had known": 過去の後悔を表現するこのフレーズは、スピーキングに深みを与え、感情を伝えるのに効果的です。
- "It feels like a huge decisive step": 状況を強調することで、相手にインパクトを与えます。このタイプの表現は、IELTS スピーキング対策にも役立ちます。
- "It's important to keep in mind": 注意喚起を促すこのフレーズは、学習内容の要点を強調する時に使えます。
- "For the most part": 一般的な傾向を示すこの表現は、議論を展開する際に有用です。
一般的な発音の罠
この動画では、特定の法律用語やフレーズが使われており、発音が難しい場合があります。例えば、「constitutional」や「dissent」といった単語は、強調する音節やイントネーションに注意が必要です。これらの言葉を正確に発音することで、自信を持って法律の話題について話せるようになります。また、話者が使用するスピード感やリズムに合わせて、英語スピーキング練習を行うと、強い口頭表現力が身に付きます。
これらの要素を活かして、shadowspeakを取り入れることで、自分のスピーキングスキルを高めることができるでしょう。特に、shadow speechの技術を使用することで、より自然な会話を実現し、法律やその他の専門的な分野においても話しやすくなります。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。