シャドーイング練習: Why the First Cities Might Just Be Fan Clubs - Prof. Jiang Xueqin - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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All right, so I'm going to draw up a...
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All right, so I'm going to draw up a...
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We'll first see a picture of Kobayetepe.
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And guys, these places were only discovered in the past few decades, okay?
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So these are new places.
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We're only starting to understand these places and
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so this place is in Turkey in central Turkey
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and this dates back about 9500 BC
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so this is this about over 11,000 years old
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and we don't even think this is the oldest place okay
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so if you did your research you will know
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that this is basically a place of religious worship you can see
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that they constructed this place so that there are these t-shaped pillars okay and these things These are huge, right?
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This is a human being and this is a T-shaped pillar.
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We think, again, this is all theory.
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This is all what we know.
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We don't know that much because this is all recent.
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But we think that these T-shapes represent human beings.
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And within these T-shapes are animals.
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can see that they align or they built this this T-shape in a way
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that they can practice a ritual or a worship okay
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so the people who are leading this will probably who we call shamans
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or religious leaders that help us bridge our world with the animal world and a spirit world okay so these are shamans
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And so Gobletepe is a place of religious worship.
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Now what's interesting about Gobletepe is that the religious site is the oldest,
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but we also find houses that are built later on.
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So what we think might have happened here is that hunter-gatherers will come to a place now and then
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to practice religion, because ultimately,
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as human beings, and we discussed this last class,
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we have a yearning or we have a need to understand why.
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And religion solves this problem for us.
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Also, as hunter-gatherer, you need to associate with other hunter-gatherers in order to find mates, okay?
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To find husbands and wives to reproduce.
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And so this sort of religious center,
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great time to come and practice religion
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but it's also a great time to feast
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and to meet someone you can marry and have children with okay
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so that was the original function of the temple now these places are often led by shamans
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and what makes them special is that they are charismatic leaders okay
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charismatic leaders charismatic leaders are people like Mao Zedong Barack Obama
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Bill Clinton okay they're people who for the reason people just love them
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and want to follow them okay and so maybe what happened was
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that these charismatic leaders they built this place and they became like celebrities
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and people came from all over to meet them to hear them to hear the religion
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and to meet other people and over time some people even chose to stay with them
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and build houses to celebrate them okay and then
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when they died what happened was they still worship them in their death
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and so this place became a temple okay does that Does that make sense?
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So that's one theory about Kobay-Tepay.
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There are other theories, okay?
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There are some people who will tell you that space aliens came down and built this place because it's so sophisticated, okay?
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So there are different theories,
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but the one that scholars most agree with today is that it was a religious center.
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Any questions before I move on?
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So this leader, but religions, or honors.
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Okay, so that's a great question okay where is where does religion come from
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and this is something that we will look at very closely next class
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and the answer is is this okay even though we all
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have the need for religion we don't all have the ability to produce religion okay
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so who these charismatic leaders are are people who have visions
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or dreams of God or the spirit world okay
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and then they present their visions to other people
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and we have people like this throughout human history right
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so think of Jesus think of Mohammed think of Buddha freak
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of Confucius right these are people who have these visions of God
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or of spirituality or of a new world and present to people
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and because they're charismatic they're able to attract followers
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and spread the religion and that's that's what probably happened here as well
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because as you can see from this picture it was very hard work to build this temple okay this is
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11,000 years ago they didn't have bulldozers they didn't have shovels okay this all by hand
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so for them to want to dedicate their lives to building this temple
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because it took a long long time right it took years
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and years and hundreds of people well you needed something called religious devotion right faith does
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that make sense okay and again throughout human history we've seen this So think of Christians,
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think of Buddhists, think of Muslims, religious faith.
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So that's what built this.
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Okay, so does that answer your question?
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Okay, any more questions before I continue?
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Yeah?
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Okay, so that's a good question.
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Why is a temple structured like this?
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Okay, and the answer is that there's cosmological significance to the structure.
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Meaning that on a certain time of the year,
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what will happen is that the sun will hit this place in a certain way.
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So it's almost like a clock.
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Does that make sense to you guys?
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They designed this in a way so they can tell time.
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But their intention was not to tell time,
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their intention was to connect with the outer world.
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Right?
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Does that make sense to you guys?
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So they were extremely sophisticated.
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They knew a lot about the way the stars worked.
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Okay?
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So basically for them, this is science, okay?
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Today we say this is a religion,
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but their science back then is no different from our science today.
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Okay?
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Does that answer your question?
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Okay, and you had a question?
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Did the leaders, like the religious leaders,
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they made up the vision or they really had the vision?
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Okay, so if you talk to any religious people, they saw it, okay?
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They were there, they talked to God, right?
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So we're like, well, you know,
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that doesn't make any sense,
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but they really believe it,
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and that's why they're able to convince their followers.
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Okay, so in the future,
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we will look at someone like Mohammed,
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who had religious visions in a cave,
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like you're like did he really see an angel well he thought he really did okay
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and in fact if we in our research what we discovered is
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that people use who use something called psychedelics okay you know what psychedelics are
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psychedelics are drugs what drugs what these drugs do is they shift your
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neural system so that you see the world in a different way.
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When you do that, you're able to have different visions, okay?
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But we also know that if you go hungry for a long time,
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or you meditate for a long time,
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you're able to see different things.
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So from their perspective, they actually saw this thing, okay?
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Even though, like, we don't think it actually happened.
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Does that make sense?
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For them, it's true.
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But maybe for us, it's not so true.
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Okay.
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All right.
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Any more questions?
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この動画でスピーキングを練習する理由は？
この動画は、古代の宗教的な場所であるゴベクリ・テペについての興味深い情報を提供しています。このようなテーマは、英語スピーキング練習をするための絶好の機会を提供します。特に、歴史や文化に関心がある学習者にとって、話しを通じて英語のスキルを向上させることができます。スピーキング練習を通じて、聞き取った情報を他の人に伝える能力が高まります。英語スピーキング練習やIELTSスピーキング対策にも役立ちます。
文法と表現のコンテキスト
この動画には、重要な文法構造や表現がいくつか含まれています。ここでは、以下の3つの例を紹介します：
- 「We think that...」 - 意見を述べる際に使う構造で、「私たちは...だと思う」と訳せます。この表現は仮説を述べる場面でよく使われます。
- 「This is a place of...」 - 特定の場所の機能や特徴を説明する際によく用いられます。「この場所は...の場所です」と訳せます。
- 「What we think might have happened...」 - 過去の出来事についての推測を述べる際に役立ちます。「私たちが考えるには、...が起こったかもしれません」という意味です。
これらの表現を使って、自己の意見や考えを述べる練習をすることで、ビデオの内容をしっかりと理解しながら、英語を効果的に使えるようになります。
よくある発音の罠
この動画には、発音が難しい単語や表現がいくつかあります。特に注意すべき点を以下に示します：
- 「Gobekli Tepe」 - この場所の名前は音が複雑で、特に日本語話者には難しいかもしれません。注意深く練習し、言語の音に慣れることが重要です。
- 「shamans」 - この単語は発音が独特で、特に「sh」の音が日本語にはないため、しっかりと練習する必要があります。
- 「charismatic」 - 発音の流れをつかむのが難しい単語です。「カリスマ的」という音を正確に出すための練習を行いましょう。
これらの単語に取り組むことで、正しい発音技術を向上させ、自信を持って英語を話すことができるようになります。より効果的な練習のためには、英語シャドーイングを取り入れると良いでしょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。