Prática de Shadowing: Why the First Cities Might Just Be Fan Clubs - Prof. Jiang Xueqin - Aprenda a falar inglês com o YouTube
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All right, so I'm going to draw up a...
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All right, so I'm going to draw up a...
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We'll first see a picture of Kobayetepe.
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And guys, these places were only discovered in the past few decades, okay?
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So these are new places.
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We're only starting to understand these places and
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so this place is in Turkey in central Turkey
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and this dates back about 9500 BC
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so this is this about over 11,000 years old
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and we don't even think this is the oldest place okay
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so if you did your research you will know
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that this is basically a place of religious worship you can see
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that they constructed this place so that there are these t-shaped pillars okay and these things These are huge, right?
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This is a human being and this is a T-shaped pillar.
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We think, again, this is all theory.
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This is all what we know.
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We don't know that much because this is all recent.
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But we think that these T-shapes represent human beings.
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And within these T-shapes are animals.
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can see that they align or they built this this T-shape in a way
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that they can practice a ritual or a worship okay
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so the people who are leading this will probably who we call shamans
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or religious leaders that help us bridge our world with the animal world and a spirit world okay so these are shamans
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And so Gobletepe is a place of religious worship.
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Now what's interesting about Gobletepe is that the religious site is the oldest,
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but we also find houses that are built later on.
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So what we think might have happened here is that hunter-gatherers will come to a place now and then
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to practice religion, because ultimately,
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as human beings, and we discussed this last class,
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we have a yearning or we have a need to understand why.
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And religion solves this problem for us.
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Also, as hunter-gatherer, you need to associate with other hunter-gatherers in order to find mates, okay?
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To find husbands and wives to reproduce.
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And so this sort of religious center,
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great time to come and practice religion
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but it's also a great time to feast
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and to meet someone you can marry and have children with okay
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so that was the original function of the temple now these places are often led by shamans
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and what makes them special is that they are charismatic leaders okay
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charismatic leaders charismatic leaders are people like Mao Zedong Barack Obama
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Bill Clinton okay they're people who for the reason people just love them
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and want to follow them okay and so maybe what happened was
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that these charismatic leaders they built this place and they became like celebrities
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and people came from all over to meet them to hear them to hear the religion
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and to meet other people and over time some people even chose to stay with them
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and build houses to celebrate them okay and then
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when they died what happened was they still worship them in their death
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and so this place became a temple okay does that Does that make sense?
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So that's one theory about Kobay-Tepay.
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There are other theories, okay?
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There are some people who will tell you that space aliens came down and built this place because it's so sophisticated, okay?
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So there are different theories,
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but the one that scholars most agree with today is that it was a religious center.
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Any questions before I move on?
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So this leader, but religions, or honors.
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Okay, so that's a great question okay where is where does religion come from
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and this is something that we will look at very closely next class
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and the answer is is this okay even though we all
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have the need for religion we don't all have the ability to produce religion okay
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so who these charismatic leaders are are people who have visions
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or dreams of God or the spirit world okay
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and then they present their visions to other people
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and we have people like this throughout human history right
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so think of Jesus think of Mohammed think of Buddha freak
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of Confucius right these are people who have these visions of God
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or of spirituality or of a new world and present to people
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and because they're charismatic they're able to attract followers
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and spread the religion and that's that's what probably happened here as well
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because as you can see from this picture it was very hard work to build this temple okay this is
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11,000 years ago they didn't have bulldozers they didn't have shovels okay this all by hand
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so for them to want to dedicate their lives to building this temple
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because it took a long long time right it took years
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and years and hundreds of people well you needed something called religious devotion right faith does
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that make sense okay and again throughout human history we've seen this So think of Christians,
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think of Buddhists, think of Muslims, religious faith.
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So that's what built this.
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Okay, so does that answer your question?
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Okay, any more questions before I continue?
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Yeah?
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Okay, so that's a good question.
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Why is a temple structured like this?
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Okay, and the answer is that there's cosmological significance to the structure.
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Meaning that on a certain time of the year,
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what will happen is that the sun will hit this place in a certain way.
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So it's almost like a clock.
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Does that make sense to you guys?
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They designed this in a way so they can tell time.
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But their intention was not to tell time,
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their intention was to connect with the outer world.
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Right?
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Does that make sense to you guys?
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So they were extremely sophisticated.
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They knew a lot about the way the stars worked.
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Okay?
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So basically for them, this is science, okay?
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Today we say this is a religion,
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but their science back then is no different from our science today.
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Okay?
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Does that answer your question?
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Okay, and you had a question?
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Did the leaders, like the religious leaders,
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they made up the vision or they really had the vision?
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Okay, so if you talk to any religious people, they saw it, okay?
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They were there, they talked to God, right?
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So we're like, well, you know,
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that doesn't make any sense,
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but they really believe it,
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and that's why they're able to convince their followers.
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Okay, so in the future,
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we will look at someone like Mohammed,
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who had religious visions in a cave,
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like you're like did he really see an angel well he thought he really did okay
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and in fact if we in our research what we discovered is
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that people use who use something called psychedelics okay you know what psychedelics are
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psychedelics are drugs what drugs what these drugs do is they shift your
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neural system so that you see the world in a different way.
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When you do that, you're able to have different visions, okay?
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But we also know that if you go hungry for a long time,
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or you meditate for a long time,
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you're able to see different things.
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So from their perspective, they actually saw this thing, okay?
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Even though, like, we don't think it actually happened.
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Does that make sense?
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For them, it's true.
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But maybe for us, it's not so true.
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Okay.
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All right.
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Any more questions?
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Contexto & Antecedentes
O vídeo "Por que as Primeiras Cidades Podem Ser Clubes de Fãs", apresentado pelo Professor Jiang Xueqin, explora a descoberta de importantes sítios arqueológicos como Gobekli Tepe, na Turquia. Este local, que remonta a cerca de 9500 a.C., é considerado um dos primeiros centros de adoração religiosa e ritual entre os seres humanos. No contexto das sociedades de caçadores-coletores, esses centros não apenas serviam para celebrar crenças espirituais, mas também facilitavam a interação social, essencial para a reprodução e o fortalecimento dos laços comunitários. O professor discute como esses locais de culto foram liderados por figuras carismáticas, que atraíam pessoas de diversas regiões, prometendo não apenas a conexão com o divino, mas também com outros membros da comunidade.
Top 5 Frases para Comunicação Diária
- “Nós temos uma necessidade de entender o porquê.” - Esta frase destaca a busca humana por significado, algo essencial em várias conversas diárias.
- “As pessoas que lideravam provavelmente eram os xamãs.” - Útil para discussões sobre liderança e espiritualidade.
- “Esse lugar se tornou um templo.” - Uma ótima maneira de falar sobre locais históricos ou significativos.
- “Esses líderes carismáticos atraíam pessoas de todos os lugares.” - Pode ser usada em conversas sobre personalidades influentes.
- “A celebração também era um momento para se encontrar.” - Relevante para falas sobre eventos sociais.
Guia Passo a Passo para Praticar Shadowing
Se você deseja aprender inglês com youtube de forma eficaz, a técnica de shadow speak pode ser particularmente útil com este vídeo. Aqui está um guia prático:
- Ouça atentamente. Comece assistindo ao vídeo sem legendas, tentando captar as ideias principais.
- Assista com legendas. Reproduza o vídeo novamente, agora com legendas em inglês, para acompanhar e entender melhor o que é dito.
- Repita em voz alta. Após ouvir uma frase, pause e tente repetir em voz alta, imitando a pronúncia e a entonação do professor. Essa técnica ajuda a melhorar a pronúncia em inglês.
- Registre-se. Grave sua própria voz enquanto pratica shadow speech e compare-a com a do professor, isso permitirá identificar pontos a melhorar.
- Pratique regularmente. Incorpore essas práticas na sua rotina de prática de conversação em inglês, repetindo o exercício com outros vídeos.
Seguindo este guia, você poderá desenvolver suas habilidades de comunicação em inglês de forma mais eficaz e divertida, ao mesmo tempo que se aprofunda em tópicos fascinantes como a história das primeiras cidades.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.
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