쉐도잉 연습: 11 WEIRD Australian Culture Shocks - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
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Do you clean your butt with paper or do you clean it with water?
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That was shocking for me.
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I was just like, how?
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There's one on every street corner like a milk bar.
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All the New South Welshman and Queenslanders are going to get triggered as hell.
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The taste is going to be something very different from anything you're used to.
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G'day, you guys.
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Pete here.
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Welcome to this episode of Aussie English.
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Today, we're going to be reacting to a video titled 11 weird things
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I had never seen before coming to Australia from the channel
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Living Simply Australia.
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Before we get into it, don't forget you can listen to these episodes on the Aussie English podcast.
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You can access this for free via any good podcast app.
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The link for this episode and the podcast will be in the description.
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The first thing is separate toilets and no bidet.
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In Australia, many houses are usually designed with the toilets separate from the main bathroom.
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So, basically, you have a little room just for the toilet and then a bathroom where you wash your hands, you have the mirror, the shower.
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And that's a good one.
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We've got both at our house.
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So, we would have an en suite in our main bedroom and that has everything in there.
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So, you've got the sink, the toilet and a shower.
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Then we've got our secondary bathroom and you've got a separate toilet room
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and the bathroom with a bath and a shower and the sink in it.
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But we have both.
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I guess to some degree, it makes sense like that you could go and do number ones
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and twos while someone else is washing their hands if they're a guest or having a bath or something.
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Although, what do you do if someone's having a bath
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and you do ones and twos and you want to wash your hands afterwards
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if you're a guest at the place you just have to wait i guess
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or maybe go in with your eyes closed in the ensuite well
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you just got to get used to doing it in front of your partner this is something super surprising
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because in my country argentina separate toilets don't exist so
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when i first came here especially i was living in a share house
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and yeah i found it very interesting
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but at the same time again very practical
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you don't have to wait for your turn to use the toilet you just can go
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and then another person can have a shower in the separate bathroom
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i think she mentioned bidets at the start here too she may have said bidets
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or something but yeah it's a french word we would say bidet i remember
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that that scene from crocodile dundee where he goes to america
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and he's stuck in the hotel room he's like some nitwits
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put two dunnies in here one dunny one bidet bidet his
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partner at the time just like it's for um after you you um you know you figure it out
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and as she's walking out of the hotel he yells out the window.
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Yeah, so they're very uncommon in Australia.
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We had one once when we were renting a room in Canberra.
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We were living there and we were living in the old Pakistan embassy.
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So, there were like 10 bedrooms.
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This old lady was renting out the entire building to different people living in these different...
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It was really interesting.
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I have to tell this story at some point because there were some eclectic units at this place.
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Anyway, we were living in the main suite
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and it had its own bathroom and everything with a massive bidet and I remember being like, why?
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But it's an Islamic thing apparently.
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So, yeah, anyway, never used it, never used it, it freaked me out.
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In my country, Argentina, bidets are basically an essential part of the bathroom but yeah, in Australia, they don't exist.
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I was so surprised that I told my friends about it and they were like, oh, that's disgusting, how come they don't have bidets?
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Then I told my Aussie friends about the bidets and they find disgusting the fact that we have bidets as well.
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This is such an interesting one to talk about, right?
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Because I think there are these two main cultural differences between loads of different countries.
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Do you clean your butt with paper or do you clean it with water?
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When I went to Indonesia back in the day, when I was doing my PhD, I did some research in Sulawesi in the jungles.
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And I remember we were going to a lot of these bathrooms there in Indonesia
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and they would have just this huge plastic garbage bucket thing with like water in it
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and a scoop next to the toilet.
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I was always like, why is there, Are people doing their washing up there?
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Is that where you wash your hands?
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Like, what is it for?
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And I remember the Indonesians that we're working with is just laughing and being like, you wash your bum with it, mate.
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Like, what are you?
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And I remember being like, but how?
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With the trowel?
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Like, what, you just pour the water over your butt?
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And he's like, no, you get in there.
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And I'm like, why would you do that?
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Like, at least the paper for us, it's like it acts as a barrier.
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I think Australians would find bidets a bit weird
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because we're not used to culturally getting wet when we go to the toilet,
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unless you're a man and you've got particularly bad aim in a powerful stream, then you might be.
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It would be weird to like clean your butt with a fountain of water,
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get all wet and have it going everywhere over your backside and then having to use paper to dry your butt anyway.
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Or do you not dry your butt and you just pull your pants up?
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But yeah, if I did a poo that was that bad and I needed to wash my bum, I think I would just have a shower.
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Who's with me, Aussies?
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Would you do that?
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The second thing that I found very weird is Vegemite.
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This is one of the weirdest things that I've come across.
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You can put on a piece of toast, preparers, sandwiches and everything.
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Jesus Christ, old mate there was going crazy with it.
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He was using a lot.
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The trick with this stuff is to just a little bit goes a long way.
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The taste is going to be something very different from anything you're used to and anything you're expecting to put on toast.
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Usually, things that go on toast are typically sweet.
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Things like honey, syrup or jam.
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You'll have savory stuff like peanut butter, I guess, but the salty and tangy,
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really weird flavor of Vegemite is going to catch a lot of people off guard.
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It's savory.
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Give it a whirl.
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It may not be a thing.
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Everyone here pretty much loves it because we grow up on it.
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As kids, you don't have to eat it.
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You can be Australian.
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You can live here.
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You can work here and you don't have to eat it.
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Don't panic if you don't like it.
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It's fine.
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Remember the first time that I tried Vegemite?
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It wasn't actually here in Australia, but it was one year before coming here.
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I was studying English with an Aussie teacher and I remember that he brought Vegemite for me to try.
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And at the beginning, when I looked at it, I hadn't tried it yet.
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When I looked at it, I thought it was yummy because it reminded me of chocolate, right?
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And then, of course, I gave it a try.
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He put it on a piece of toast.
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Basically, you have just to put a bit of butter.
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Way too much, man.
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That is so...
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That's such a little piece of toast for so much Vegemite.
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He was really, really, really wanting to give this girl a bad time.
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Basically, you have just to put a bit of butter, then a bit of Vegemite.
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And I tried it and it was the weirdest thing that I had ever tried in my life.
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Now, I like it.
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I don't eat it every day, but I do live with my Aussie partner.
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And Vegemite is an essential item in the house yeah see
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look look at the bread over here in the image
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and you will see there is a lot less on
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that bread and on the biscuits beside it
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so just don't go to town with it the first time you try it another thing
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that caught my attention when i first came to australia is the fact
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that you won't find alcohol in supermarkets i remember the first time
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that i went to a supermarket to get a bottle of wine
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and i spent at least 30 minutes going around just looking for the for the alcohol section right
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and i just couldn't find it and until i asked
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and of course i realized
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that there was a bottle shop outside currently this is a measure
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that they've taken to limit excessive alcohol drinking i'm sure
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it works well i'm sure it works well pretty much every supermarket
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now at least bws i think is a subsidiary
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or company that's owned by woolworths and
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so you pretty much always have a woolworths and then the bws
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or whatever the Coles version of it is beside the supermarket.
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So, you just have to go into one and then into the other.
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They're right there.
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I don't know how much it makes a difference.
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IGA's, the independent grocers of Australia, is that what it is?
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They'll typically have it in the same store, at least like you'll have the main store
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and then quite often they're just right there next to it and you can walk straight into it.
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Australia is known for having a strong drinking culture
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and that's why there are high taxes on alcohol
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and also it seems
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that that's the reason why they have separate bottle shops
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we're seeing my country in argentina as well as in many european countries
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when you go to the supermarket
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you'll always find the alcohol section right in there we don't have separate bottle shops
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so that's an interesting difference and something that now i've gotten used to it
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but yeah it's still a bit weird i think
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it's just our cultural thing where we have this kind of
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macho drinking culture from a young age where in it
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when you're in your teenage years you're sort of expected to with friends go out
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and get wasted and if you're not you know you're not very blokey
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or whatever it was really interesting when i went to france
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when i was a kid i was at school
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and i went to france on a field trip thing all the french kids didn't really give shit about drinking
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they would have wine with their parents
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and they had grown up being surrounded by people drinking responsibly
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and having a bit of wine with pretty much every meal
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when we got there you could buy alcohol at 16
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so all the kids on the trip they just went
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and unleashed i wasn't a drinker at the time
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but i remember they were getting soused on the booze
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that they could buy legally all the french people were like just take
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it easy man what's what's the deal again i think
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that it my attention when i first came to australia is the fact
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that australians place stuff that they don't want on the street outside their home
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and this practice is called hard rubbish collection
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and most of these items are usually pieces of furniture
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or appliances that people put outside their homes for other people to come
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and pick them up
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there's sort of two options right the photos the images she's showing seem to be more this is junk
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that is being
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so it's going to be collected by the garbos
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we get two of these a year i think where you can ask the council you have to ring up
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or email or whatever it is online and organize a hard rubbish pickup
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and they'll do this twice for you for free on an annual basis where they come around
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and they pick up all the stuff
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that they don't want you putting in recycling or in the bin or that are items that are too big.
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We do mattresses I think separately and then you'll have the hard rubbish
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which as she shows in the image here it's like you know bits of wood, a chair, all that sort of stuff.
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You will have this happen where it is just junk like people just pile up rubbish
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and then you'll have it happen where it is actually like relatively good quality items that people don't want.
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And they will probably more carefully place these items out for people to pick them up.
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Another thing that I found very surprising when I first came to Australia is the fact that there are very,
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very hefty fines for putting your feet on public transport seats.
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And these fines actually go up to $288 Australian dollars.
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It's insane.
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I had never seen that they actually fine you for that.
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Oh, yes, they definitely will.
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I've seen this in Melbourne when I was going to uni, getting the trams and the trains and everything.
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It was a common occurrence that you would see usually a young boy, you know, or bloke, probably in his late teens,
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putting his feet up on the chair in front of him.
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Quite often, we have chairs facing one another, and so, you can easily do that.
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If the ticket inspectors come past and see it, they are quite often pretty irritated about it.
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One, because it's making the seats dirty, and two, because it can take.. up the seat
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and you're preventing someone from sitting down on
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that seat housewarming parties now i remember the first time
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that i was invited to a gathering here in australia and
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that was actually a housewarming party and i remember when i got
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that invitation i was a bit confused
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because i was like what is a housewarming party
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i had to google it right again for me this was weird and
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if you don't know what a housewarming party is it is
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basically a tradition where you invite your friends to come see your new home basically
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when you move to a new house you have a gathering with rings finger food etc
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and you show your friends your new place i feel
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that it's an excuse to just have a gathering
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and drink with your mates it's kind of a 50 50 of the years
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that i've lived in a house that i've either been renting
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or now own it's probably been about a 50 50 of whether
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or not i've done a house warming i think this is more of a
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when you're young and you're renting a place
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and you you suddenly rent out a new house with friends
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and you've you're very social at
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that age anyway then it's probably pretty much any excuse for a get together
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so i was doing them back then
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but then once i had a young family and was married
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and everything i i haven't really bothered doing a housewarming i might be like you know guys come over
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that we've just moved into a new place
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but i wouldn't make it a huge event with loads of people okay let's talk about the healthcare system
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and doctors in australia it really surprised me
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when i first came here to be honest i was a bit confused in my country in argentina
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when you're feeling sick you usually go to the specialist directly
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you go to the gastroenterologist right
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that's the case in my country whereas here in australia your first point of contact is your gp
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that's it you would usually go to a gp with any sort of issue
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and then you get referred to a specialist
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and i think it probably just helps control the number of people
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that are going to these specialists so
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that they don't get clogged up with too many appointments
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and everything healthcare in australia if you're an australian be either a permanent resident
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or a citizen
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and you get free healthcare through a medicare system you can also get private health insurance
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if you want and there's sort of interesting stuff
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that happens without tax regarding whether
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or not you have private health insurance typically health care in
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australia is high quality though with the amount of recent migration
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and pressure on the system with lack of funding for these
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systems to kind of catch up with the number of new migrants arriving in australia there's a lot of strain
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and stress in the system now another thing that really surprised me
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when i first came to australia was australian football or 40
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or ossey rolls or yeah it has
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so many names you can tell she lives in victoria all the new south welshman
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and queenslanders are going to get triggered as hell by the fact
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that she called australian rules football afl uh footy instead of rugby
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i remember the first time i i was here i got my apartment i turned the tv on
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and there was a footy match going on for me
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it was a big surprise to be honest at the time
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i hadn't even heard about footy yeah it was a mix of rugby and soccer
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but i wasn't really sure what was going on most of my australian colleagues as well they're super fans of Collingwood, Richmond, Essendon.
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What I really liked is the family environment.
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It's very family -oriented.
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Rivals can sit next to each other.
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That's one of the things that is really interesting.
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Australian football culture doesn't tend to be very violent, at least from what I've experienced.
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You don't have these kind of like rival factions
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that have to be seated at the opposite ends of the football ground or there'll be a riot with,
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you know, violent bashings and all that sort of stuff.
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I mean, I'm sure that sort of stuff happens in isolated events, but compared compared to places like
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Britain, where you hear about the football hooligans and everything, it's such a weird kind of contrast.
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You're just like, why would you bash people over them going for a different team?
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That's so weird.
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I think you would like AFL if you want a lot of action happening during a game.
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There's lots more people on the field.
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The field is a lot bigger.
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The ball is moving back and forth a lot more and big distances at a time.
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There's many more points being scored.
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I think that's why a lot of people like it compared to a game like soccer or football.
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Traditionally, because there's a lot more scoring that's happening, right?
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It's common for goals or points to be scored up to, you know, past 100 points in a game.
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Another thing that surprised me about Australia is the fact
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that it's compulsory for school kids to always wear some protective hats outside.
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Of course, the reason for this is that Australia has some of the highest UV levels in the world.
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So, it's a measure, again, that for me was surprising because when I was in school, I didn't have to wear a hat.
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It wasn't compulsory.
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But at the same time, yeah, it makes complete sense.
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This is something that came in when I was at primary school in the 90s, it was no hat, no play.
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You had to wear a wide brimmed hat.
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So, we had that full wide brim around your head.
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You had to have sunscreen on as well.
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And a big reason it came through is because the kids that grew up in the 50s,
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60s, 70s got so much more exposure to sun when they were young.
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Loads of sunburns.
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I think my dad said many times that his mom's advice was always go
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and get sunburned and get a tan so that you won't get sunburned in the future.
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And it was like great
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so now my dad has constant little skin cancers popping up on his face
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that he has to put cream on or have removed surgically
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and everything because of that amount of uv exposure at a young age
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so we're very conscious of that in australia and it'll be weird
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if you go to places like bondi around sydney the number of skin cancer plastic surgeon specialist businesses
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that are just everywhere
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that was shocking for me
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i was just like how there's one on every street corner
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like a milk bar another thing in relation to the australian school dress code
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if you want is the fact
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that school kids have to carry very big bags i was expecting her to say a school uniform that's one
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that always seems to get people from places like europe france america
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they're quite often like what you've got like compulsory uniforms you can't just wear casual clothes
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and it's like no we pretty much every single school will have in fact
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i think private school every school has some kind of a uniform primary schools secondary schools
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it's only once you get to university
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that you get to wear whatever you want there might be the odd day here
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and there that you have a casual clothes kind of day at school
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but by and large it's yeah you have to wear a uniform
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so you see the little seven -year -old carrying a bag that it's almost bigger than them and i don't know
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it's weird in my opinion carrying a lot of weight at
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that age probably poses some kind of risk for the kid's posture.
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I would say it depends on how long they're carrying it, right?
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If they're walking to school with it on one shoulder
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and it takes an hour to get there
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and an hour to get home and they're doing that day after day after day, maybe.
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But if it's like they're carrying it from their car
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when they're being dropped off at school into the classroom
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and then chucking it on a bench or they're carrying it on both shoulders, it's probably fine.
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I reckon the reason we would use it, especially down here somewhere like Melbourne, is because the weather changes so much.
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You always need all different types of clothing.
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You need a jumper just in case it gets cold.
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You need pants you've got books in there, you've got your lunchbox, pretty much everything is just tossed into this one bag.
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So, it's probably just the fact
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that we keep it all in one place as opposed to carrying a lunchbox
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and a drink bottle separately from our bag and having less clothing maybe.
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Growing up, in my case, all kids have their wheelie bags.
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We basically use that.
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I feel like if you were to show up at school with a wheelie bag, people would be like, did you just get off the plane?
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Like, were you traveling overseas?
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Where are you guys going? you're going on holiday
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that would probably definitely be a way of being targeted for bullying okay another thing
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that i think it's weird surprising is the unique wildlife here in australia of course before coming here
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you always hear about the kangaroos and the koalas
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and these are very unique animals indeed i don't think
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there are animals like these marsupials anywhere else in the world
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but yeah you got marsupials over there in south america not as many
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but they're hiding there and there's some in north america you've got that weird possum that is just like gross, right?
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I don't know how you guys got that ugly possum and we got the really cute stuff.
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But yeah, in Australia, anywhere that you go that's like near bushland, if there's a lot of natural reserves and that sort of stuff,
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you're going to see things like there's kangaroos in the middle of the road, koalas crossing the road.
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There's loads of birds everywhere.
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Reptiles are all over the shop.
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You're going to get spiders in your house.
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It happens more in the hotter and the more humid parts, the further north you go.
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It is something that we just sort of get used to.
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And you've got to be careful.
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One of the things you have to know about is
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that like if you're driving at nighttime in regional rural kind of areas,
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always have your lights on high beams when there are no other cars around
355
because kangaroos can just come out of nowhere and totally clean up the car.
356
You've got to be careful and that's why you'll see so many people with bumper bars on the front of their cars.
357
Another thing that really surprised me about Australia
358
and perhaps it shouldn't have considering how important the beach lifestyle is for this country is
359
that they have a beach safety education program called nippers
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this is basically a program where kids as young as five years old learn about beach safety
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and rescue techniques yeah little nippers we had this growing up pretty much every surf lifesaver club around the country
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if they have enough kids nearby
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i imagine we'll have this kind of a program where they're
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teaching kids how to swim how to be able to save people in the surf probably cpr all of
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that sort of stuff
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and there's a sort of progression where they can end up working for the surf life -saving club
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or volunteering as surf life savers to rescue people on the beach
368
and you'll see the flags on these beaches so yeah
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if you're in australia pretty much always be very careful in near water
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because there are so many foreigners that drown every single year swim between the flags
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and yeah focus on beaches
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that have surf life -saving clubs with surf life savers there yeah it's something
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that i would have loved to be able to have
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when growing up i find it amazing
375
and of course again this reflects the importance of knowing how to swim here in Australia, that's super important.
376
I'm surprised she didn't mention that where that would have been, I imagine, a cultural difference between Argentina and Australia
377
and probably a lot of other countries where our focus on learning to swim is so, so, so emphasized.
378
Like, my wife's
379
Brazilian, she came over here and I remember we enrolled our babies when they were probably six months old,
380
maybe, maybe a year old in swimming lessons.
381
And she was just like, what, why would you do that?
382
And I'm like, everyone learns to swim here.
383
And she was like, no one in Brazil where I'm from learns to swim.
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But here for kids, it's like everyone does it.
385
It's very rare that you'll meet an Australian born and raised kid that has never learned to swim.
386
So, that's the episode.
387
You guys will have to let me know.
388
What do you find weird about Australia and Australian culture?
389
Besides that, go and check out this episode on the podcast.
390
And also, YouTube reckons you're going to enjoy this video.
391
And I'll see you there. To me.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “11 WEIRD Australian Culture Shocks”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 391개와 단어 4625개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 19:56입니다. 화자는 분당 약 232단어로 빠르게 말하므로 연음과 약하게 발음되는 소리가 많습니다. 단어의 85%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| swim 동사 | /swɪm/ | 수영하다, 헤엄치다 |
| wash 동사 | /wɑʃ/ | 씻다 |
| butt 명사 | /bʌt/ | 엉덩이 |
| toast 명사 | /toʊst/ | 토스트 |
| uniform 명사 | /ˈjunɪˌfɔɹm/ | 제복, 유니폼 |
| specialist 명사 | /ˈspɛʃəlɪst/ | 전문가, 숙련자 |
| podcast 명사 | /ˈpɑdˌkæst/ | 팟캐스트 |
| rubbish 명사 | /ˈɹʌbɪʃ/ | 개털 |
| supermarket 명사 | /ˌsupɚˈmɑɹkət/ | 슈퍼마켓, 슈퍼 |
| bath 명사 | /bɑːθ/ | 욕조 |
| butter 명사 | /ˈbʌtɚ/ | 버터, 빠다 |
| kangaroo 명사 | /ˌkæŋ.ɡəˈɹu/ | 캥거루, 캉가루 |
| pants 명사 | /pænts/ | 바지 |
| rescue 동사 | /ˈɹɛs.kjuː/ | 구하다, 구출하다 |
| soccer 명사 | /ˈsɑk.ɚ/ | 축구, 풋볼 |
영상에 나오는 구동사
| 단어 | 뜻 |
|---|---|
| get together 동사 | 만나다 |
| go out 동사 | 나가다 |
| pick up 동사 | 줍다 |
따라 말해 볼 만한 문장
영상에 나오는 짧고 완결된 문장으로, 일상 대화에서 그대로 쓸 수 있습니다:
- I was just like, how?
- We've got both at our house.
- Is that where you wash your hands?
- And I'm like, why would you do that?
- Where are you guys going?
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | I've come · they've taken · i've gotten |
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | are usually designed · is known · being surrounded |
| 과거진행 was/were + -ing — 과거의 어느 시점에 진행 중이던 동작 | was living · were renting · were living |
| “might / may” 가능성 might/may + 동사 — 가능하지만 확실하지 않은 일 | may have · might be · may not be |
주의할 발음
화자는 don't, you're, they're 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 122번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- “th” 소리: bath /bɑːθ/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, clothing /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/, bother /ˈbɑðɚ/
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: wash /wɑʃ/, specialist /ˈspɛʃəlɪst/, rubbish /ˈɹʌbɪʃ/, shock /ʃɔk/, exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: supermarket /ˌsupɚˈmɑɹkət/, compulsory /kəmˈpʌlsəɹi/, invitation /ɪnvɪˈteɪʃən/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/, subsidiary /sʌbˈsɪ.di.əɹ.i/
한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:
- /f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: surf /sɝf/, uniform /ˈjunɪˌfɔɹm/, confused /kənˈfjuːzd/, finger /ˈfɪŋɡɚ/, carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/
- /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: violent /ˈvaɪ.ə.lənt/, rival /ˈɹaɪvəl/, arrive /əˈɹaɪv/, invite /ɪnˈvaɪt/, overseas /ˌoʊvɚˈsiːz/
- /z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: confused /kənˈfjuːzd/, afterwards /ˈæf.tɚ.wɚdz/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, citizen /ˈsɪtɪzən/, resident /ˈɹɛzɪdənt/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, swim, wash, butt 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.