쉐도잉 연습: How Canada’s payment systems are under increasing control from the U.S. - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
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It's something most of us do every day.
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Tap our credit cards, grab our goods, and go about our business.
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But what happens after you tap represents a glaring vulnerability in our financial system.
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Your morning producer, Mike Hiscock, looks at the control the United States has over our ability to move money.
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Every morning, the bell rings, the markets open, and billions start moving.
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It's the engine of our daily lives, a financial system we rarely question.
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But Canada's vulnerabilities here are growing.
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The last set of numbers that I saw suggested about 93 % of the market for credit is between
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Visa and MasterCard.
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Vas Bednar is the managing director of the Canadian Shield Institute, a think tank with a focus on digital sovereignty.
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We are extremely reliant on foreign companies, and in that case, two very dominant American companies.
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So that speaks to the power they can exert when it comes to the fees and the percentages that they charge,
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but also the intelligence that they can gather.
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It's a very rich data set to understand who people are, their demographics and their habits and their consumptive habits.
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But I think the real kind of risk and portion of intrigue is
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that reliance and that interdependence and how that interdependence can be weaponized.
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Places like the UK and the EU have sort of signaled
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that they're starting to look at building an alternative to Visa MasterCard.
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And I think it raises some interesting kind of questions and opportunities.
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You know, are we willing to confront the Visa card duopoly?
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Credit card transactions are only the beginning.
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I spoke to Carl Shimoda, who analyzes shifts in the global economy.
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He explains how tight the American stranglehold of our payment systems really is.
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so our credit transactions safe to say go through the united
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states what about our debit transactions our debit transactions are relatively sovereign
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they are mostly handled on the internet interact network here in canada
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and that is that is a separate entity that's held here within canada what i'm noticing more
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and more with debit cards though is frequently banks are now issuing visa debit
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or mastercard debit the transactions themselves are being conducted on the visa
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and MasterCard networks and
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so you know there is definitely a point of vulnerability
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there that's not the only thread to our debit transactions tying your card to digital wallets like Google Wallet
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or Apple Pay gives foreign companies increasing control over those payments as well the US dollar is the language
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that we all speak in global trade virtually every train trade transaction is done in US dollars
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and so that means that when we're making a payment
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when we're settling you know a payable
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or receivable in the global payment system
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it has to go through u .s banks how much control
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does what you just described give the united states over the transactions
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we make here in canada an enormous amount of control they can stop a payment
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that is going through the u .s financial system
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and prevent you know two parties from dealing with each other they can also put on secondary sanctions
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and it sounds really extreme this idea of us being cut out of the u .s financial system
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but is this something they've done before
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Yes, we've seen some of these tools being deployed against countries like
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North Korea, Iran, Russia in recent years.
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We've also seen more recently the targeting of individuals, for example, an international criminal court judge.
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To some breaking news, the Trump administration has slapped a Canadian judge on the international criminal court with sanctions.
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Kimberly Prost was sanctioned for, quote, ruling to authorize the ICC's investigation into U .S personnel in Afghanistan.
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It does look very much as if U .S regulators and U .S.
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politicians are realizing the power that this gives them, and they're increasing the use over time.
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So if the United States could ice us out of its payment systems, why doesn't it?
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If we were to see a cutoff like this, this would blow back on the value of the U .S dollar.
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It would blow back on the integrity and the liquidity of the U .S financial system,
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and it would ultimately impact the U .S economy as well.
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Buying Canadian is one thing.
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Paying Canadian is another.
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And while companies like
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Visa, MasterCard, Google, and Apple are pulling control of our own transactions away from us,
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the payment systems of the future could pose an even larger threat.
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The number of Canadians who reported owning cryptocurrency more than doubled in two years, rising from 10 % in 2023 to 25 % in 2025.
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And there's a saying that's been going, everything that can be tokenized will be tokenized.
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Ali Aboudaya is the CEO of Transactics, the company behind a Canadian -made stablecoin known as Caddx.
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A stablecoin is a digital dollar, and typically its value is kept constant to a national currency.
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So a Canadian digital dollar, a stablecoin, is $1 Canadian in real world as well.
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The main advantages of stablecoins is that they can settle transactions in seconds instead of days.
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They also come with lower transaction costs.
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But right now, about 99 % of them are denominated in U .S.
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And so if 98 % to 99 % of stablecoins are denominated in U .S dollars, if I go out and buy a bunch of stablecoin,
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what happens to the loony?
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What happens to the Canadian dollar that I bought those stablecoins with?
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Where does it go?
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When you take one dollar from the Canadian market or you buy one U .S dollar stablecoin,
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1 .45 Canadian dollars leave the Canadian economy and they live in basically the U .S economy.
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So could we run into a situation where if stablecoins catch on and everybody starts to buy stablecoins,
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could we start to displace our own currency? That risk is real.
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We designed CadEx to be one of the most easily exchangeable assets on this blockchain.
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And it's Canadian sovereign, fully Canadian controlled, Canadian reserves, Canadian technology stack, sovereign to the nth degree.
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I view it as a very strong opportunity for us to own our future.
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And producer Mike Hiscox, join us in studio now.
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There was a lot in that piece, but the big takeaway I had is the risk is in the reliance.
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So if we can build an interact network for our debit cards, why can't we develop one for our credit?
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So for a credit card to be successful, it needs to be accepted pretty much everywhere.
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And in order for stores to get on board with accepting it,
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they have to know that their average customer is going to have a credit card and also want to use it.
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And so Visa and MasterCard have done a very good job of making this a reality by offering their customers lucrative rewards.
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But if you dig a little deeper, their business strategy is actually even more clever than that.
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Because just like McDonald's is more of a real estate empire than a fast food business,
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the same is a little bit true of Visa and MasterCard in that they don't issue credit cards themselves.
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What they do is they go around the world signing agreements with banks to issue the cards for them.
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What they give the banks in return is access to this network they've built, this network of banks and merchants and accounts.
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And banks want in on this network because it's fast, it's safe, it's reliable.
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If you tap your Visa or MasterCard pretty much anywhere in the world, chances are it's going to work.
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So they've cultivated that network over years and in a landscape where they didn't face all that much competition.
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And so for Canada to now enter that from scratch and launch our own credit card,
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it would mean at least initially that we'd be launching one
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that isn't accepted in as many places or doesn't offer the same rewards or the fees are higher.
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It just wouldn't be as competitive.
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Interesting.
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So where does that leave us then?
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Well, if for anybody who's been following the news this week, you might have heard of the launch of the real -time rail system
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and so this is a bit of an oversimplified explanation
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but what that is is it's basically an upgrade to the interact e -transfer function
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and so it allows for instant transfers from from one person's account to another
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and it also allows for the transfer of higher sums of money
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and so canada's already in talks with the european union about linking our real -time rail system with their equivalent
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which is known as the tip system and if
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that were to happen then some of the money
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that flows between canada and Europe could be done on rails that we control jointly with our allies in Europe.
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The other thing to keep an eye on is crypto, because America is dominant there as well,
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but that dominance isn't as firmly as entrenched as it is with the credit card sector.
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And what we're starting to see is earlier this year, we passed the Stablecoin Act.
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So we're starting to veer into the regulation of cryptocurrency.
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And we're starting to see more and more Canadian businesses pop up
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that are offering stable coins denominated in Canadian dollars so that now if someone goes online and buys cryptocurrency,
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they at least have the option of keeping the money here instead of almost by default, letting it flow across the border.
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So it's like sovereignty in crypto world.
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That's exactly right.
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This was fascinating.
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Mike, thanks so much for the story and for coming in.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “How Canada’s payment systems are under increasing control from the U.S”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: Canadian, card, stablecoin, transaction, dollar. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 120개와 단어 1617개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 8:25입니다. 화자는 분당 약 192단어로 빠르게 말하므로 연음과 약하게 발음되는 소리가 많습니다. 단어의 83%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| transaction 명사 | /tɹænˈzækʃən/ | 처리 |
| visa 명사 | /ˈviːzə/ | 비자, 사증 |
| debit 명사 | /ˈdɛb.ɪt/ | 차변 |
| rail 명사 | /ɹeɪ(ə)l/ | 선로, 레일 |
| sovereign 명사 | /ˈsɑv(ə)ɹɪn/ | 군주 |
| vulnerability 명사 | /ˌvʌln(ə)ɹəˈbɪlɪti/ | 취약성 |
| producer 명사 | /pɹəˈdjuːsə/ | 생산자, 제작자 |
| currency 명사 | /ˈkʌɹ.ən.si/ | 통화, 화폐 |
| reward 명사 | /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ | 상, 보수 |
| habit 명사 | /ˈhæb.ɪt/ | 습관, 버릇 |
| sovereignty 명사 | /ˈsɑv(ə)ɹənti/ | 주권 |
| percentage 명사 | /pə(ɹ)ˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/ | 백분율, 백분비 |
| stable 명사 | /ˈsteɪ.bəl/ | 마구간, 축사 |
| explanation 명사 | /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/ | 설명 |
| thread 명사 | /ˈθɹɛd/ | 실 |
영상에 나오는 구동사
| 단어 | 뜻 |
|---|---|
| go out 동사 | 나가다 |
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 현재완료진행 have/has been + -ing — 전에 시작해 지금도 계속되는 동작 | that's been going · who's been following |
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | can be weaponized · are mostly handled · being conducted |
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | they've done · we've seen · We've also seen |
주의할 발음
화자는 we're, they've, doesn't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 22번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- “th” 소리: thread /ˈθɹɛd/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, authorize /ˈɔθəɹaɪz/
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: transaction /tɹænˈzækʃən/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/, sanction /ˈsæŋkʃən/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: vulnerability /ˌvʌln(ə)ɹəˈbɪlɪti/, sovereignty /ˈsɑv(ə)ɹənti/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, virtually /ˈvɚ.t͡ʃə.wə.li/
한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:
- /f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: default /dɪˈfɔlt/, firmly /ˈfɝmli/, demographic /ˌdɛm.əˈɡɹæf.ɪk/, confront /kənˈfɹʌnt/, cutoff /kəˈtɔf/
- /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: visa /ˈviːzə/, sovereign /ˈsɑv(ə)ɹɪn/, vulnerability /ˌvʌln(ə)ɹəˈbɪlɪti/, sovereignty /ˈsɑv(ə)ɹənti/, virtually /ˈvɚ.t͡ʃə.wə.li/
- /z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: transaction /tɹænˈzækʃən/, visa /ˈviːzə/, pose /poʊz/, analyze /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/, tokenize /ˈtoʊ.kən.aɪz/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, transaction, visa, debit 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.