Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: How Canada’s payment systems are under increasing control from the U.S.
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120 câu
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1
It's something most of us do every day.
Đó là việc hầu hết chúng ta làm mỗi ngày.
2
Tap our credit cards, grab our goods, and go about our business.
Chạm thẻ tín dụng của chúng tôi, lấy hàng hóa của chúng tôi và tiếp tục công việc của mình.
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But what happens after you tap represents a glaring vulnerability in our financial system.
Nhưng những gì xảy ra sau khi bạn nhấn vào đó lại thể hiện một lỗ hổng rõ ràng trong hệ thống tài chính của chúng ta.
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Your morning producer, Mike Hiscock, looks at the control the United States has over our ability to move money.
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Every morning, the bell rings, the markets open, and billions start moving.
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It's the engine of our daily lives, a financial system we rarely question.
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But Canada's vulnerabilities here are growing.
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The last set of numbers that I saw suggested about 93 % of the market for credit is between
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Visa and MasterCard.
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Vas Bednar is the managing director of the Canadian Shield Institute, a think tank with a focus on digital sovereignty.
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We are extremely reliant on foreign companies, and in that case, two very dominant American companies.
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So that speaks to the power they can exert when it comes to the fees and the percentages that they charge,
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but also the intelligence that they can gather.
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It's a very rich data set to understand who people are, their demographics and their habits and their consumptive habits.
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But I think the real kind of risk and portion of intrigue is
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that reliance and that interdependence and how that interdependence can be weaponized.
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Places like the UK and the EU have sort of signaled
18
that they're starting to look at building an alternative to Visa MasterCard.
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And I think it raises some interesting kind of questions and opportunities.
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You know, are we willing to confront the Visa card duopoly?
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Credit card transactions are only the beginning.
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I spoke to Carl Shimoda, who analyzes shifts in the global economy.
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He explains how tight the American stranglehold of our payment systems really is.
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so our credit transactions safe to say go through the united
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states what about our debit transactions our debit transactions are relatively sovereign
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they are mostly handled on the internet interact network here in canada
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and that is that is a separate entity that's held here within canada what i'm noticing more
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and more with debit cards though is frequently banks are now issuing visa debit
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or mastercard debit the transactions themselves are being conducted on the visa
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and MasterCard networks and
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so you know there is definitely a point of vulnerability
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there that's not the only thread to our debit transactions tying your card to digital wallets like Google Wallet
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or Apple Pay gives foreign companies increasing control over those payments as well the US dollar is the language
34
that we all speak in global trade virtually every train trade transaction is done in US dollars
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and so that means that when we're making a payment
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when we're settling you know a payable
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or receivable in the global payment system
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it has to go through u .s banks how much control
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does what you just described give the united states over the transactions
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we make here in canada an enormous amount of control they can stop a payment
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that is going through the u .s financial system
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and prevent you know two parties from dealing with each other they can also put on secondary sanctions
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and it sounds really extreme this idea of us being cut out of the u .s financial system
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but is this something they've done before
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Yes, we've seen some of these tools being deployed against countries like
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North Korea, Iran, Russia in recent years.
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We've also seen more recently the targeting of individuals, for example, an international criminal court judge.
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To some breaking news, the Trump administration has slapped a Canadian judge on the international criminal court with sanctions.
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Kimberly Prost was sanctioned for, quote, ruling to authorize the ICC's investigation into U .S personnel in Afghanistan.
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It does look very much as if U .S regulators and U .S.
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politicians are realizing the power that this gives them, and they're increasing the use over time.
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So if the United States could ice us out of its payment systems, why doesn't it?
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If we were to see a cutoff like this, this would blow back on the value of the U .S dollar.
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It would blow back on the integrity and the liquidity of the U .S financial system,
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and it would ultimately impact the U .S economy as well.
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Buying Canadian is one thing.
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Paying Canadian is another.
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And while companies like
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Visa, MasterCard, Google, and Apple are pulling control of our own transactions away from us,
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the payment systems of the future could pose an even larger threat.
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The number of Canadians who reported owning cryptocurrency more than doubled in two years, rising from 10 % in 2023 to 25 % in 2025.
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And there's a saying that's been going, everything that can be tokenized will be tokenized.
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Ali Aboudaya is the CEO of Transactics, the company behind a Canadian -made stablecoin known as Caddx.
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A stablecoin is a digital dollar, and typically its value is kept constant to a national currency.
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So a Canadian digital dollar, a stablecoin, is $1 Canadian in real world as well.
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The main advantages of stablecoins is that they can settle transactions in seconds instead of days.
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They also come with lower transaction costs.
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But right now, about 99 % of them are denominated in U .S.
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And so if 98 % to 99 % of stablecoins are denominated in U .S dollars, if I go out and buy a bunch of stablecoin,
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what happens to the loony?
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What happens to the Canadian dollar that I bought those stablecoins with?
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Where does it go?
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When you take one dollar from the Canadian market or you buy one U .S dollar stablecoin,
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1 .45 Canadian dollars leave the Canadian economy and they live in basically the U .S economy.
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So could we run into a situation where if stablecoins catch on and everybody starts to buy stablecoins,
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could we start to displace our own currency? That risk is real.
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We designed CadEx to be one of the most easily exchangeable assets on this blockchain.
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And it's Canadian sovereign, fully Canadian controlled, Canadian reserves, Canadian technology stack, sovereign to the nth degree.
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I view it as a very strong opportunity for us to own our future.
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And producer Mike Hiscox, join us in studio now.
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There was a lot in that piece, but the big takeaway I had is the risk is in the reliance.
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So if we can build an interact network for our debit cards, why can't we develop one for our credit?
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So for a credit card to be successful, it needs to be accepted pretty much everywhere.
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And in order for stores to get on board with accepting it,
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they have to know that their average customer is going to have a credit card and also want to use it.
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And so Visa and MasterCard have done a very good job of making this a reality by offering their customers lucrative rewards.
87
But if you dig a little deeper, their business strategy is actually even more clever than that.
88
Because just like McDonald's is more of a real estate empire than a fast food business,
89
the same is a little bit true of Visa and MasterCard in that they don't issue credit cards themselves.
90
What they do is they go around the world signing agreements with banks to issue the cards for them.
91
What they give the banks in return is access to this network they've built, this network of banks and merchants and accounts.
92
And banks want in on this network because it's fast, it's safe, it's reliable.
93
If you tap your Visa or MasterCard pretty much anywhere in the world, chances are it's going to work.
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So they've cultivated that network over years and in a landscape where they didn't face all that much competition.
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And so for Canada to now enter that from scratch and launch our own credit card,
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it would mean at least initially that we'd be launching one
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that isn't accepted in as many places or doesn't offer the same rewards or the fees are higher.
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It just wouldn't be as competitive.
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Interesting.
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So where does that leave us then?
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Well, if for anybody who's been following the news this week, you might have heard of the launch of the real -time rail system
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and so this is a bit of an oversimplified explanation
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but what that is is it's basically an upgrade to the interact e -transfer function
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and so it allows for instant transfers from from one person's account to another
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and it also allows for the transfer of higher sums of money
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and so canada's already in talks with the european union about linking our real -time rail system with their equivalent
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which is known as the tip system and if
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that were to happen then some of the money
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that flows between canada and Europe could be done on rails that we control jointly with our allies in Europe.
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The other thing to keep an eye on is crypto, because America is dominant there as well,
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but that dominance isn't as firmly as entrenched as it is with the credit card sector.
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And what we're starting to see is earlier this year, we passed the Stablecoin Act.
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So we're starting to veer into the regulation of cryptocurrency.
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And we're starting to see more and more Canadian businesses pop up
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that are offering stable coins denominated in Canadian dollars so that now if someone goes online and buys cryptocurrency,
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they at least have the option of keeping the money here instead of almost by default, letting it flow across the border.
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So it's like sovereignty in crypto world.
118
That's exactly right.
119
This was fascinating.
120
Mike, thanks so much for the story and for coming in.
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Bài luyện nói này dựa trên video “How Canada’s payment systems are under increasing control from the U.S”. Những từ được nhắc lại nhiều nhất trong bài: Canadian, card, stablecoin, transaction, dollar. Video này có 120 câu và 1617 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 8:25. Người nói nói nhanh, khoảng 192 từ mỗi phút, nên sẽ có nhiều chỗ nối âm và nuốt âm. 83% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ đáng học trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| visa danh từ | /ˈviːzə/ | thị thực, giấy xuất cảnh |
| debit danh từ | /ˈdɛb.ɪt/ | ghi nợ |
| interact động từ | /ɪn.təˈɹækt/ | tương tác |
| currency danh từ | /ˈkʌɹ.ən.si/ | tiền tệ, ngoại tệ |
| reward danh từ | /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ | tặng thưởng, thưởng |
| habit danh từ | /ˈhæb.ɪt/ | thói quen |
| sovereignty danh từ | /ˈsɑv(ə)ɹənti/ | chủ quyền |
| percentage danh từ | /pə(ɹ)ˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/ | số phần trăm, tỷ lệ phần trăm |
| stable danh từ | /ˈsteɪ.bəl/ | chuồng, chuồng ngựa |
| thread danh từ | /ˈθɹɛd/ | chỉ |
| regulation danh từ | /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/ | chế độ |
| landscape danh từ | /ˈlan(d)skeɪp/ | phong cảnh, cảnh sắc |
| instant danh từ | /ˈɪnstənt/ | chốc, chốc lát |
| sum danh từ | /sʌm/ | tổng số |
| default danh từ | /dɪˈfɔlt/ | mặc định |
Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe
| Từ | Nghĩa |
|---|---|
| go out động từ | ra, chết |
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn have/has been + -ing — việc bắt đầu từ trước và vẫn đang tiếp tục | that's been going · who's been following |
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | can be weaponized · are mostly handled · being conducted |
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | they've done · we've seen · We've also seen |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 22 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ we're, they've, doesn't. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “th”: thread /ˈθɹɛd/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, authorize /ˈɔθəɹaɪz/
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: transaction /tɹænˈzækʃən/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/, sanction /ˈsæŋkʃən/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: vulnerability /ˌvʌln(ə)ɹəˈbɪlɪti/, sovereignty /ˈsɑv(ə)ɹənti/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, virtually /ˈvɚ.t͡ʃə.wə.li/
Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:
- Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/, reward /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/, dominant /ˈdɑmənənt/, reliance /ɹɪˈlaɪ.əns/, instant /ˈɪnstənt/
- Âm /tʃ/, /dʒ/ và /ʒ/ — tiếng Việt không có, đừng đọc thành “ch” hay “gi”: percentage /pə(ɹ)ˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/, virtually /ˈvɚ.t͡ʃə.wə.li/, scratch /skɹæt͡ʃ/, merchant /ˈmɝt͡ʃənt/, jointly /ˈd͡ʒɔɪntli/
- Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: transaction /tɹænˈzækʃən/, interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/, habit /ˈhæb.ɪt/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, asset /ˈæsɛt/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như visa, debit, interact.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.