쉐도잉 연습: I learned a system for speaking articulately - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
레슨 만드는 중...
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If you want to be articulate like world-class podcasters,
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speakers, and leaders, I'm going to share this seven-stage journey that has taught me to speak with greater exactness and clarity.
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It includes understanding three problems invading your speech, the aha moment that immediately will improve your choice of words,
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and three thinking modifications that brought a verbal freshness and intelligence to my sentences.
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The first problem was my addiction to overusing dead phrases.
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Dead phrases are phrases and expressions that we use in such a recreational way
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that they have been stripped of all power in life.
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Popular dead phrases include We use dead phrases because they save us the time and trouble of hunting for more precise words.
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This introduces the first of seven articulacy rules.
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Rule number one, articulacy increases when you practice conscious selection with your words.
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If you hastily choose ready-made phrases and gum them together in your sentences, like the sections of a prefabricated IKEA table,
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they deaden and dole your sentence.
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Ultimately, you want to learn how to engineer sentences that are fresh,
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homemade, and excavate that richness and texture that often gets buried beneath dead phrases.
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The second problem holding me back was my small surface lexicon.
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The term lexicon refers to your personal vocabulary.
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Your surface lexicon are those 500 to 1500 words that your brain unconsciously and effortlessly defaults to when you compose sentences.
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The concert was amazing.
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It was a really good book.
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These words you've heard, seen, said so often, they ooze out of your mouth.
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Beneath your surface lexicon is your deep lexicon.
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Your deep lexicon is made up of those 20,000 to 35,000 words you recognize but don't use.
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We know this because you recognize most, if not all, words that articulate speakers use.
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Why is it then that you struggle to think of those same words in conversation?
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Because those words don't register in your surface lexicon.
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This introduces the second rule of articulacy.
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Effortless articulacy is limited to the size of your surface lexicon.
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Now this does not mean inflating your surface lexicon with flowery, sophisticated words.
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Articulate speakers recognize that you can use ordinary words and still be articulate.
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Think of your lexicon as a box of crayons.
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You can easily use a wide color palette to design a vibrant picture, or you can create something profound with just three colors,
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or choose an uncommon color to substitute for a common one.
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The same is true with your words.
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You don't always have to prostitute ordinary words down to obvious and common meanings.
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The third problem eroding my speaking was thought retention.
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When you can't retain a thought in your mind for longer than 10 seconds, your speech is like a kite, following every new wind current,
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never climbing high in the sky.
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Articulate speakers are able to hold a thought in their mind as they work to peel away the layers
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that lead to understanding.
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You can't grip a thought in your mind.
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your thinking and speaking become superficial and scrambled.
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This is the third rule of articulacy.
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The longer you engage a thought, the greater depth you achieve with words.
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These are the three thorns in our tongue that prevent us from producing articulate speech.
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How did we come to this?
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Why do we battle with these issues?
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One day, I remember asking myself this after a particularly frustrating time of sounding juvenile and vague.
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I went to YouTube and researched the most articulate speakers I could find.
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It was then that I had an epiphany.
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Was my substandard speech the result of poor language inputs?
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I asked myself that question
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and wondered how much would I have to change the sources of language I expose myself to
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in order to influence my speech.
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To understand how my language was potentially being invaded by poor language sources,
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I began writing down each source of language that I exposed myself to for more than 10 minutes a day.
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I rated each on a scale of 1 to 10 on how articulate and intelligent I considered each to be.
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If you want to do this for yourself, you can use this worksheet that's freely linked below.
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This exercise revealed that I didn't have any language inputs higher than a five, which is approximately the level of articulacy of an average conversation.
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I quickly realized the fourth rule of articulacy.
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The quality of your speech is a product of your language environments.
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The books you read, videos you watch,
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music you listen to, etch language patterns in your mind that unconsciously are imitated in your speech.
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And since most people aren't articulate or thoughtful with their words, you're constantly exposed to high doses of vague,
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vapid, and oftentimes vulgar language.
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Your surface lexicon is the size that it is because you encounter those 500 to 1500 words daily.
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When we first learn language as children, we absorb three to five new words every day.
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By adulthood, it takes a deliberate effort to expose ourselves to new and creative word combinations.
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In fact, the battle is preventing the shrinking of our surface lexicon.
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Think of your surface lexicon as an expanding and contracting circle.
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Interacting with fresh word combinations, such as when you read a book, temporarily expands the radius of that circle to usher in those newfound words.
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If those words are not put to use, they lose their place within the circle as its nature is to contract to include only your most actively used words.
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This is why great speakers read profusely.
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It is to keep that language heartbeat pulsing, expanding, and fortifying their surface lexicon.
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We can begin to improve our verbal health with the first modification I made to my speaking, the 3x5 language diet.
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This consists of three five-minute sessions for a total of 15 minutes per day focused on enriching your language.
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The first five minutes is spent reading an article
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or book chapter that's at least one level beyond your current average language input.
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This exercise will expose you to richer language and help you solve poor thought retention,
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which is a symptom of constantly fracturing your attention like we do on social media with bite-sized content.
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You don't know what material to begin with?
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Start with this list.
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The second five minutes includes reading poetry aloud with the intent of learning rhythm and cadence.
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There's a misnomer that articulacy is memorizing the dictionary and vomiting flowery words.
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It's not.
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The fifth rule of articulacy is sentences sound articulate when words flow and fit into eloquent molds.
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If you want to learn to effortlessly fit words together in beautiful and creative ways, your speaking apparatus, your mouth,
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your teeth, your tongue, your jaw, need to feel what it's like to say beautiful sentences.
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This is precisely why dead phrases are terribly difficult to prune from your speaking.
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You're trying to resist engaging a pattern of muscles in your mouth that's been activated a thousand times.
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It's like trying to change pre-cut lines on a cardboard box.
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When you tear the flap, it's expected to seamlessly follow the line, and we're trying to tear in a new direction.
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Recognize that you can create lines for other types of speaking.
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That's what reading poetry aloud accomplishes.
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Check out this list of poems linked below.
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I also have a popular poems playlist available on Spotify.
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The final five minutes is spent consciously attuned to the word choice of any podcast or audiobook you consume.
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Ignore the content, the substance of what's being said, and visualize in your mind the words being said.
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This will help you understand the difference between intelligence and eloquence.
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Intelligence is the knowledge communicated.
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Eloquence is how pleasing and persuasive the words sound.
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Here's a list of brilliant speakers who, in my opinion, have an unrivaled command of the English language.
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This 3x5 language formula invites the question, how do I use the creative words and phrases I encounter to enrich my speaking?
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I struggled with this myself and was inspired to build the ultimate tool to accelerate articulacy.
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This tool is called Nouns.
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Nounc allows you to create a word bank where you're able to log words
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and phrases that you want to stitch into your surface lexicon.
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You can practice retrieving those words from memory and use them in creative ways as you would like to in natural conversation.
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Nounc also has a library of popular online speakers that you can learn from.
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If you want to speak with the clarity of Steve Jobs or the eloquence of Martin Luther King Jr.,
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King Jr. Select a speaker and you'll be guided through using their communication structures to develop clear answers automatically.
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Nounce was built out of a desire to give myself
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and the viewers of this channel a way of efficiently practicing producing clear and creative speech.
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Visit nouns.ai to use this tool for free or message me on Twitter
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if you'd like to be part of our team in helping others build a better world with their words.
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The second modification will reduce your dependence on dead phrases.
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The reason why we aim to reduce dead phrases is not because they're overused.
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It's because they slip us into a state of mental anesthesia where we choose words without serious thought.
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Noises come up from our larynx, our speaking instrument, but our brain is not as involved as if we were selecting the words for ourselves.
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The only way to gain back full consciousness is to descend past the dead phrase and into the heart of our thought.
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We accomplish this by increasing the consciousness per sentence.
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Think of a sentence as a mold that is filled with different levels of consciousness.
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The longer you think, the more saturated the words and overall sentence becomes.
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The more familiar a word or phrase is, the less consciousness is required to use it.
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Think of all the phrases and words you say automatically.
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Because of how little thought is required to use them,
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they often bruise our sentence with dull, colorless blocks.
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An articulate sentence is one where each block is vibrant and intentional.
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Listeners can feel this.
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We increase our consciousness per sentence by one being on guard
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against dead phrases i've included below this video a list of the common dead phrases
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that frequently invade our sentences secondly before you commit to responding to a question
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or sharing your opinion repeat the question
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or topic aloud what do i think about this topic why do we do this
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because that topic or the way it was phrased is a new or at least an unfamiliar set of words.
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Hearing those words spoken aloud with your own mouth begins to warm up your conscious mind.
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Most of us cold start our speaking engine with a few familiar phrases that we cast out
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into the soundscape in an attempt to find an opinion worth developing.
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Those phrases include, I don't know, I guess it just like, you know, maybe I should, right?
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We're not thinking about what we're saying.
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It's not a bad answer, it's just not articulate.
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Remember, the first rule of articulacy, Articulacy increases when you practice conscious selection of your words.
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This is why pausing before speaking has long been considered a hallmark of articulate speakers.
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They are affording conscious thought to the sentence they're about to produce.
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The most unconscious part of our sentences is the beginning.
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The greatest communicators realize that the first few sentences, really the first few words, are where we are finding our opinion.
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Finding our opinion is like driving with a frosted windshield.
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It's hard to see the road ahead until the windshield is defrosted.
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Only then do you drive straight with confidence.
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The quickest way to begin warming up our conscious mind is to repeat the topic or question aloud.
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The final modification I made was learning the secrets of intellectual humility.
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This is the brilliant practice of using your speaking weakness to supercharge your responses.
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When we listen to articulate speakers, what we perceive as them being articulate is less often about the precise,
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eloquent words and more about how they begin their sentences in a way that illustrates that they can creatively navigate challenging situations.
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Watch this clip from the American film director Orson Welles.
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That's a better question than I have an answer for.
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Honestly, it is.
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I don't know.
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I would want to think about it.
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I think, I think my answer would be frivolous, and I'd like to think about it.
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It's a, it's a, it's a worrisome question.
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Notice in this clip how candid Orson was about not having a great answer and requiring time to think.
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This is what makes articulate speakers so captivating, their ability to be forward with their communication needs.
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This is the sixth rule of articulacy.
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An admission of limitation is often the most articulate answer.
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This single realization takes some people decades to internalize.
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If you can admit your limitations and be honest and forthcoming with them,
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them, you unlock a bulletproof level of confidence that most people will never possess.
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There are two steps that have helped me cultivate this intellectual humility.
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One is identifying your main communication insecurity.
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These are the eight common insecurities we encounter when speaking.
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I'll share mine with you.
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I understand that I don't think quickly and require time to process information before I compose an answer.
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The quality of sentence I deliver after 10 seconds of thought is far more articulate than my instantaneous answer.
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How do I communicate this when I speak?
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Once you've identified your insecurity, find the right combination of words that allows you to articulate that weakness.
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What I often say is some variation of, give me a moment to process that.
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If you're like me, you might know the weakness that you do battle with,
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but you lack the right words that would give you the confidence to commit to sharing that weakness.
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Many of us would be far more assertive in our communication
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if we simply had the right verbal runway for the answers that we would like to give.
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To help you with this, for each of those eight speaking insecurities,
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I've assembled the creative phrases and responses that world-renowned communicators have used in interviews and conversations that you can use yourself.
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These phrases are not intended to devolve into a dead phrase.
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We use them only for the purpose of having alternative ways of articulating our thoughts instead of being locked into just responding.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 B2 수준 말하기 레슨은 영상 “I learned a system for speaking articulately”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: word, phrase, articulate, sentence, language. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 184개와 단어 2430개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 16:26입니다. 화자는 분당 약 148단어의 일정한 속도로 말해서 섀도잉하기에 편한 속도입니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 79%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에서 가장 어려운 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| aloud 부사 | /əˈlaʊd/ | 큰 소리로, 크게 |
| consciousness 명사 | /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/ | 의식, 자각 |
| weakness 명사 | /ˈwik.nɪs/ | 약함 |
| invade 동사 | /ɪnˈveɪd/ | 침입하다, 침략하다 |
| communicator 명사 | /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪtə/ | 전달자 |
| humility 명사 | /hjuːˈmɪlɪti/ | 겸손 |
| noun 명사 | /naʊn/ | 명사 |
| precise 형용사 | /pɹɪˈsaɪs/ | 정확한 |
| anesthesia 명사 | /ˌæn.əsˈθi.ʒə/ | 마취 |
| audiobook 명사 | /ˈɔdi.oʊbʊk/ | 오디오북 |
| bruise 명사 | /bɹuz/ | 멍 |
| bulletproof 형용사 | /ˈbʊlɪtpɹuf/ | 방탄의 |
| listener 명사 | /ˈlɪs(ə)nɚ/ | 경청자, 청취자 |
| vomit 동사 | /ˈvɑmɪt/ | 게우다, 토하다 |
| kite 명사 | /ˈkiːtɛ/ | 솔개 |
영상에 나오는 구동사
| 단어 | 뜻 |
|---|---|
| write down 동사 | 적다, 적어 두다 |
따라 말해 볼 만한 문장
영상에 나오는 짧고 완결된 문장으로, 일상 대화에서 그대로 쓸 수 있습니다:
- Because those words don't register in your surface lexicon.
- How did we come to this?
- Why do we battle with these issues?
- You don't know what material to begin with?
- How do I communicate this when I speak?
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | have been stripped · is made · is limited |
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | has taught · have been stripped · you've heard |
주의할 발음
화자는 don't, you're, we're 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 29번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- “th” 소리: anesthesia /ˌæn.əsˈθi.ʒə/, forthcoming /fɔɹθˈkʌmɪŋ/, thoughtful /ˈθɔːtfəl/, rhythm /ˈɹɪð.əm/
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: consciousness /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/, conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/, modification /ˌmɑdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, unconsciously /ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəsli/, windshield /wɪnˈʃiːld/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: articulate /ɑːɹˈtɪk.jə.leɪt/, modification /ˌmɑdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, communicator /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪtə/, effortlessly /ˈɛf.ɚt.ləs.li/, unconsciously /ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəsli/
한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:
- /f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: modification /ˌmɑdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, effortlessly /ˈɛf.ɚt.ləs.li/, bulletproof /ˈbʊlɪtpɹuf/, frustrate /ˈfɹʌsˌtɹeɪt/, superficial /ˌsupɚˈfɪʃəl/
- /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: invade /ɪnˈveɪd/, verbal /ˈvɜː.bəl/, vibrant /ˈvaɪbɹənt/, vague /veɪɡ/, assertive /əˈsɝtɪv/
- /z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: expose /ɪkˈspoʊz/, compose /kəmˈpəʊz/, combinations /kɑmbɪˈneɪʃənz/, bruise /bɹuz/, realization /ˌɹɪə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, aloud, consciousness, weakness 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.