쉐도잉 연습: The future of food ⏲️ 6 Minute English - YouTube로 영어 말하기 배우기

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Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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I'm Neil.
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And I'm Pippa.
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Many of us don't think twice about where the food in our kitchen comes from.
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One trip to the supermarket and we can buy anything we want, whether that's fruit grown in South America, tomatoes from Spain or rice flown in from Asia.
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Do you know where the food you buy comes from, Neil?
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I try to pay attention and buy stuff that's locally produced but actually sometimes I don't really look.
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How about you?
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I actually have a calendar on my kitchen wall which tells me which fruits and vegetables are grown at what times of year.
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The reality is that the supply of fresh food to the UK is fragile.
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The UK imports around 40% of its food and this supply chain can easily be disrupted by wars, shortages and, increasingly, by climate change.
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In fact, the UK Government's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs recently reported on the importance of food security, the term for having a reliable enough supply of affordable, healthy food to feed everyone.
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In this episode, we'll be investigating the issues affecting food production in the UK.
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As usual, we'll learn some useful new vocabulary and remember there's a quiz, worksheet and transcript of this episode on our website bbclearningenglish.com.
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But first, of course, Pippa, I have a quiz question for you.
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I mentioned that Britain imports 40% of its food from other producers, mostly in Europe.
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But which European country does the UK import the most food from?
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Is it A.
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France, B.
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The Netherlands or C.
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Ireland?
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I've seen the Netherlands on a lot of food packaging in the UK, so I'm going to say B.
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The Netherlands.
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OK, well, we'll find out if you're right later in the programme.
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According to the UK government's recent report, there are many issues affecting Britain's food supply – geopolitical conflicts like those in Ukraine and Iran, droughts and water shortages, loss of biodiversity caused by climate change – the list goes on and on.
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Here, climate reporter Mark Poynting discusses the report's conclusions with BBC Radio 4's The Food Programme.
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And it really draws on scientific research to come up with what it calls as a reasonable worst-case scenario for how biodiversity loss could affect UK security.
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And its conclusions are really quite stark.
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The first line of the report says global ecosystem degradation and collapse threatens the UK's national security.
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The report describes a worst-case scenario where Britain runs out of food.
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A worst-case scenario is the worst possible thing that could happen in a particular situation.
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Mark says the report's conclusions are stark, an adjective which in this case means obvious or severe.
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Another problem with food security relates to climate change.
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Carbon emissions from food production make up around a third of all greenhouse gases, from the diesel used to drive tractors, to fertilisers, to cows and sheep producing methane.
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Emma Pinchbeck is the Chief Executive of the UK's Climate Change Committee.
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She spoke about this problem with BBC Radio 4's The Food Programme.
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The biggest chunk of emissions from agriculture comes from simply having livestock on the land.
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That's the bit of the puzzle that we need to think about going forward.
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And in the way that we've thought about it, for every cow or sheep we take off the land, we put on something else.
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And what that does overall is it makes farmers and landowners part of the solution to climate change, not the problem.
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Livestock – that's farm animals such as cattle, sheep and pigs – contribute most of the carbon emissions from agriculture.
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Moving towards a sustainable food supply involves reducing the amount of meat and dairy we eat in favour of non-animal protein, such as beans and lentils.
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Encouraging farmers and consumers to move away from meat is a piece of the puzzle, according to Emma.
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A piece of the puzzle means a part of the solution to a problem, In this case, the twin problems of food security and climate change.
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Emma says it's important to think again about how farmland is used.
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For every cow or sheep taken off the land, something else, such as a fruit tree or vegetable crop, is put in its place.
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That way farmers become part of the solution, not the problem.
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An idiom meaning that if you are not actively trying to fix a problem, you are helping it continue.
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Lots of ideas to chew over there, Neil.
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But now, isn't it time you revealed the answer to your question?
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My question was, which European country does the UK import the most food from?
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And you said B, the Netherlands.
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And you were absolutely correct, Pippa.
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It is the Netherlands.
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The UK imports 7.6 billion pounds worth of imports, especially vegetables and dairy.
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OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned, starting with food security.
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The situation where a country has a reliable enough supply of food to feed its population.
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The worst case scenario is the worst possible thing that could happen in a particular situation.
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The adjective stark has several meanings, including obvious and severe.
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Livestock are animals and birds that are kept on a farm, such as cows, sheep or chickens.
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The phrase a piece of the puzzle means a part of the solution to a problem.
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And finally, the idiom be part of the solution, not the problem, means that if you are not actively trying to fix a problem, you are helping it continue.
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Once again, our six minutes are up, but if this topic has made you hungry for more, why not check out our food topic page on our website, bbclearningenglish.com.
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Bye for now.
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Goodbye.

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