쉐도잉 연습: The Uncomfortable Truth About Ozempic (Updated Version) - YouTube로 영어 말하기 배우기
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In the last few years,
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In the last few years,
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a Zempic or Manjaro managed to make millions of people lose massive amounts of weight,
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with seemingly only mild side effects.
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More than 1 in 8 US adults have tried the drugs,
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and for the first time in history,
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the country's obesity rate actually fell.
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At the end of 2025,
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the WHO added GLP-1 drugs to its Essential Medicines list for diabetics,
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and released guidelines on how to use it for obesity.
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For the first time ever,
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we have a medication that reliably,
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quickly and seemingly safely can make people lose weight.
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Sometimes massive amounts of weight.
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But as with most things related to nutrition,
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health and weight loss, these medications are controversial.
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There are many aspects to GLP-1s,
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but we'll focus on one today,
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the potential medical revolution these drugs could mean for obesity,
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one of the most deadly chronic diseases of our time
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that over 1 billion people suffer from and that remains largely unsolved and underfunded.
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It turns out GLP-1 drugs are the first effective medical treatment for obesity in medical history.
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The Obesity Trap In 2025,
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more than a half of Europeans were either overweight or obese,
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plus one in three children.
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And in many countries like the US,
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Mexico, Chile or Saudi Arabia,
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the numbers are even worse.
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Today, this kills almost 4 million people each year,
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and if trends continue, by 2050,
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one in three adults on Earth will be obese and half of humanity will be overweight.
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When hearing the word obese,
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most people think of the extreme ends of the spectrum,
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but this is not correct.
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It's not very helpful that the definition of obese is a bit vague because bodies are pretty different.
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So, it can be a BMI of over 30,
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your waist to hip ratio,
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or a body fat percentage of over 25% for men and over 32% for women.
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In the end, obese is a medical term that doesn't judge how you look,
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but if you have an unhealthy amount of body fat.
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How did we get here?
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For most of our history, food was scarce.
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So when our ancestors found a calorie bomb,
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binging on it was the best of ideas.
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The more sugar, fat and salt, the better.
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Our brains are wired to love these foods.
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They bring pleasure, enjoyment and mental release.
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This helped us survive in a world where food was the most important thing to worry about each day.
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And then the world changed overnight and suddenly our modern food environment hijacked our biology.
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Food is a product now and has become cheap,
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calorie dense and hyper palatable,
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which means it's been engineered with addictive levels of sugar,
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fat and salt, making our reward centers go ballistic with joy.
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About half of the products in a US grocery store are ultra-process,
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and many are labeled in ways that are deeply misleading,
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like the serving sizes on packs of chips.
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Marketing strategies like value pricing and constant food ads stimulate us to eat more.
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So most people overeat regularly, sometimes without even noticing.
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And this is very subtle.
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Most people don't get overweight because they massively lack self-control,
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they just eat a little bit too much over a long period of time time.
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Just a small excess like the equivalent of half a Snickers
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over your maintenance calories per day compounds to almost 5 kilograms or 10 pounds of fat after a year.
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This is how most people get obese slowly, bit by bit.
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Since being overweight is also shamed on top of being unhealthy,
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we try to fix our overeating behavior with all sorts of, well, behavioral methods.
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The world is filled with diets and healthy habits campaigns,
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but if we look at the results,
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just telling people to eat healthier foods and to move more does very little in the real world.
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Most people gain back most weight they lose during a diet within a year or two and often gain more afterwards,
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often through little fault of their own because once you do lose weight,
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your body is also working against you by trying to bring you back to the fat baseline it was used to.
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Really, the only reliable way to do it is a lifestyle change,
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not a break from calorie dense food,
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but a lifestyle where you eat it only occasionally or not at all.
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Which is not just very hard,
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but also feels like saying no to some of the best things in life.
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Finally, there's simply hunger, a really strong and hard-to-ignore signal from your body.
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How hungry you are is genetic,
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so just through bad luck,
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you may experience a lot of food noise and think about eating a lot.
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To make things worse in many people who get overweight or obese,
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their hunger signal becomes dysregulated.
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Not necessarily permanently, but even after losing weight,
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it can take a long time before your hunger adjusts downwards again.
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And this is exactly where GLP-1 drugs interact with our biology.
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Before we get there, let's fix something easier first.
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How we engage with the news every day.
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Our partner Ground News is a website and app built to help you think critically about the information you consume,
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a mission we fully support.
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They curate news articles from across the globe,
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adding context on political bias,
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reliability, ownership, and summaries that highlight what each side is leaving out.
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You can even compare headlines to see how bias shapes the narrative.
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The same weight loss drug story might be framed as a miracle by some outlets,
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while others warn about harmful trends.
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Ground News also reveals blind spots,
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stories that only one side is covering,
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showing you what your usual news feed is hiding.
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As information bubbles are becoming the norm,
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thinking critically about the news is no longer optional,
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go to ground.news.nutshell or scan the QR code on the screen.
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Using this link gives you 40% off an unlimited access subscription and directly supports our channel.
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And now, back to losing weight.
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hunger is hormones.
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Many eating behaviors, eat now or later,
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chocolate or vegetables, are actually governed by an orchestra of hormones that are not within your control.
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You're not hungry in the evening because you decide to be or because this is when your body needs energy,
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but because your body releases certain hormones.
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And it turns out your fat is one of the major regulators of this orchestra.
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If you're overweight or obese,
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the excess This fat is throwing your hormonal orchestra out of tune.
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This may make you more hungry or push you to overeat more,
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creating insulin resistance that causes type 2 diabetes and so on.
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We made a video if you want details.
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But there's one specific hormone that plays its tune quietly in the background,
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even in obese people.
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The glucagon-like peptide 1 or GLP-1.
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It's one of the hormones your body releases after a meal.
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It tells your pancreas to release more insulin to keep blood sugar in check,
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and slows down your digestion to keep food in your stomach.
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And in your brain, it increases your feeling of fullness and being satisfied, curbing your appetite.
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These effects are usually modest.
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Once in your bloodstream, GLP-1 disappears in barely two minutes,
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its song quickly fading away.
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So, one day, scientists had an idea.
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What if we made artificial copies of GLP-1 that play the same song but louder and much longer?
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A GLP-1 signal that stays in your body would boost insulin and silence appetite.
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The first artificial GLP-1 was approved in 2005 for diabetes and in 2014 for obesity,
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but the revolution came with semaglutide and terzapatite, Ozempic and Majora.
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highly powerful GLP-1 agonists that play their songs in your bloodstream for up to a week.
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They send out a loud and steady signal that dials down your appetite 24-7.
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You still enjoy food, but you feel full and satisfied much sooner,
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making it easy to not overeat.
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And since the song never really switches off,
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you feel less hungry throughout your day,
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making you eat less often.
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How intensely you feel hunger is largely genetic,
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so especially people who suffer from food noise,
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a constant urge to eat,
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feel a huge psychological relief from the drug.
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Finally, their body stopped screaming at them.
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Suddenly, you're dieting without expending willpower,
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without really thinking about it.
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It feels magically effortless.
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By changing your biology, a drug changed your behavior.
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But, hmm, is this a good thing?
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Miracle drugs.
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On the weight loss side,
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these drugs are incredibly effective.
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In three months, you can lose 10% of your initial weight,
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three months later, over 15,
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and after a year, you may reach more than 20%,
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a level of weight loss that used to only really be achievable through bariatric surgery.
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In other words, GLP-1 drugs make excess weight melt away like nothing before.
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We can't stress enough at how unhealthy obesity is,
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causing everything from diabetes to heart attacks and cancer,
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so the consequences for health are stunning.
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Treatment with semaglutide cuts your risk of stroke or heart attack by 20%.
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17 months of terzepatide crashes your chances of developing diabetes by 66%.
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They also reduce sleep apnea,
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improve kidney and liver function,
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lower inflammation, cut cancer risk,
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and may potentially slow Alzheimer's.
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They might even boost fertility,
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as obesity often disrupts hormones and increases complications during pregnancy.
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And there may be more positive long-term effects.
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Some of these benefits are a direct result of weight loss,
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but intriguingly, they sometimes occur regardless of how much weight has been lost,
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and some have been seen in patients who weren't obese to begin with.
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We don't know why yet,
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but it seems like turning up the GLP-1 signal is synchronizing the whole metabolic orchestra,
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restoring a balance between brain, gut and body.
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And as if that weren't enough,
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GLP-1 drugs may also quiet other cravings.
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They seem to reduce the use of alcohol, nicotine, cannabis and opioids.
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Large trials are underway to confirm these effects.
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If the results hold, they could become something unprecedented.
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Real anti-addiction drugs.
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But of course, there are side effects.
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commonly nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and constipation.
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Not fun, but usually harmless and fleeting for the vast majority of patients.
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More serious stuff like pancreatitis,
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kidney problems or gallbladder disease do happen,
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but for well under 5% of people.
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So it's pretty risky to take these drugs without medical supervision
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and in extreme cases they can land you in the emergency room.
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While these drugs are not really that new since diabetics have been using them for decades,
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because now millions of people are using them,
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we might discover new side effects in the coming years.
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Apart from this, the main downside of GLP-1 drugs may come from their greatest strength,
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rapid weight loss.
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If you don't actively check what you eat,
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taking these drugs is just an unhealthy crash diet.
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Any steep calorie deficit requires resistance training and plenty of protein
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or else you'll lose a lot of muscle along with the fat.
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It's harmful at any age,
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but especially after 40, when building muscle gets harder and the risk of falls starts to rise.
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So while these drugs change your biology,
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they don't do all the work for you.
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Staying healthy still requires you to adopt healthy habits.
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In the end, the same is true for these drugs as is for any other diet.
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Without a lifestyle change, you either have to use the drugs forever or you'll probably gain the weight back.
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For about a year the weight loss slows down and eventually stops in most people.
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At this point, you usually stop using the medication.
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If you used that time to change your eating habit,
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you have a really good chance of keeping the lost weight off.
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But about 25% regain a significant chunk and some 20% put back on all of it.
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So for many, maintaining the results may mean staying on the drug forever.
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Is this a bad idea?
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Well, we don't know.
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The newest generation of drugs is just too new,
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so there's no long-term data.
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The first GLP-1s from 2005 haven't shown major issues.
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Based on what we know today,
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it seems pretty clear that living with obesity is much unhealthier than living with drugs.
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And to be crystal clear,
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this doesn't mean that these drugs are for everyone.
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If you want to lose a couple of pounds but are otherwise healthy and have no chronic disease,
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these drugs were not made for you.
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You really should go the traditional route first before you start injecting drugs.
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Using it to get to unhealthy amounts of low body fat is definitely not a great idea.
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In a nutshell, the best thing these drugs do is to remove the pressure of intense hunger and food noise,
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to give you a time window where you can change your habits.
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You still need to change your habits though,
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no drug can fix that for you.
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Conclusion and opinion
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A recent study modeled what would happen if millions of US adults who are obese or overweight got GLP-1 drugs for life.
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In just two years, about 50% of all obesity in the country would vanish.
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Over the years, it would prevent 26 million cases of diabetes,
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13 million cases of heart disease and 5.5 million premature deaths.
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Which seems like a pretty good thing.
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And new drugs that are in final trials promise to work even better.
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Defeating obesity suddenly feels within reach.
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Right now, the biggest obstacles are actually supply shortages and high prices,
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which make these drugs inaccessible for many who actually need them.
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Patents for semaglutide and tizepatide will expire soon in many countries,
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and prices for them will collapse as a result.
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In the long run, increased production and plummeting costs seem almost guaranteed.
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So, should we just inject obesity away?
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Well, for now at least it seems that there are few downsides,
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although please don't listen to internet videos and talk to your doctor before you make any decisions for yourself.
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It's also important to remember that while these drugs are immensely helpful,
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they are not magic.
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They make a hard thing easier,
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but it still requires you to change your habits and put in some effort.
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They can gain us the time we need to fix the root causes of obesity.
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But it does seem the future just got a whole lot healthier.
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Our latest limited edition pin is here,
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kicking off the new Cosmic Time Collection.
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It's an homage to Halley's Comet,
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the cosmic traveler that's been visiting Earth for millennia.
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It only returns around every 75 years,
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Only 10,000 exist and each one is individually numbered.
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Wear it to complete your outfit,
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Meet the first ever Kurzgesagt Figurines.
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Small collectible scenes from the Kurzgesagt universe.
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If you've been around the channel for a while,
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Get one or all of them for your desk,
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이 수업에 대해
이번 비디오에서는 현대 사회에서 비만 문제와 그에 대한 해결책으로서의 GLP-1 약물에 대해 다룹니다. 수업을 통해 비만의 원인, 전 세계의 비만 현황, 그리고 GLP-1 약물이 어떻게 건강에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는지를 배우게 됩니다. 영어로 말할 때 이와 같은 건강 관련 주제에 대해 이야기하는 법을 익히며, 여러분의 표현력과 발음을 향상시킬 수 있는 기회를 제공할 것입니다.
주요 어휘 및 구문
- 비만 (Obesity): 체중이 건강 기준 이상으로 나가는 상태.
- GLP-1 약물 (GLP-1 drugs): 비만 치료와 관련된 약물.
- 체질량지수 (BMI): 체중과 신장을 바탕으로 비만 여부를 판단하는 지표.
- 칼로리 (Calories): 음식에서 얻는 에너지 단위.
- 과식 (Overeating): 필요한 것 이상으로 음식을 섭취하는 것.
- 신호 (Signal): 신체가 음식 섭취를 요구할 때 보내는 신호.
연습 팁
이 비디오는 다양한 목소리 톤과 속도로 진행되므로 시작할 때는 천천히 반복하며 영어 쉐도잉을 실천해보세요. 비디오 속 강사의 발음과 정서에 맞춰 말을 따라 하면서 자신의 발음을 교정할 수 있습니다. 특히, 중간에 중요한 표현이 나올 때 느리게 말하는 부분을 찾아서 그에 맞춰 shadow speech를 연습하는 것이 효과적입니다. 매일 몇 분씩 반복해서 이어 말하는 습관을 들이면, 자연스럽게 영어 발음이 개선되는 것을 느낄 수 있을 것입니다. 이와 같은 방식으로 shadow speak 연습을 통해 어휘와 문장을 자연스럽게 회화에 적용할 수 있게 됩니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.
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