ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: The Uncomfortable Truth About Ozempic (Updated Version)

In the last few years,

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In the last few years,

a Zempic or Manjaro managed to make millions of people lose massive amounts of weight,

with seemingly only mild side effects.

More than 1 in 8 US adults have tried the drugs,

and for the first time in history,

the country's obesity rate actually fell.

At the end of 2025,

the WHO added GLP-1 drugs to its Essential Medicines list for diabetics,

and released guidelines on how to use it for obesity.

For the first time ever,

we have a medication that reliably,

quickly and seemingly safely can make people lose weight.

Sometimes massive amounts of weight.

But as with most things related to nutrition,

health and weight loss, these medications are controversial.

There are many aspects to GLP-1s,

but we'll focus on one today,

the potential medical revolution these drugs could mean for obesity,

one of the most deadly chronic diseases of our time

that over 1 billion people suffer from and that remains largely unsolved and underfunded.

It turns out GLP-1 drugs are the first effective medical treatment for obesity in medical history.

The Obesity Trap In 2025,

more than a half of Europeans were either overweight or obese,

plus one in three children.

And in many countries like the US,

Mexico, Chile or Saudi Arabia,

the numbers are even worse.

Today, this kills almost 4 million people each year,

and if trends continue, by 2050,

one in three adults on Earth will be obese and half of humanity will be overweight.

When hearing the word obese,

most people think of the extreme ends of the spectrum,

but this is not correct.

It's not very helpful that the definition of obese is a bit vague because bodies are pretty different.

So, it can be a BMI of over 30,

your waist to hip ratio,

or a body fat percentage of over 25% for men and over 32% for women.

In the end, obese is a medical term that doesn't judge how you look,

but if you have an unhealthy amount of body fat.

How did we get here?

For most of our history, food was scarce.

So when our ancestors found a calorie bomb,

binging on it was the best of ideas.

The more sugar, fat and salt, the better.

Our brains are wired to love these foods.

They bring pleasure, enjoyment and mental release.

This helped us survive in a world where food was the most important thing to worry about each day.

And then the world changed overnight and suddenly our modern food environment hijacked our biology.

Food is a product now and has become cheap,

calorie dense and hyper palatable,

which means it's been engineered with addictive levels of sugar,

fat and salt, making our reward centers go ballistic with joy.

About half of the products in a US grocery store are ultra-process,

and many are labeled in ways that are deeply misleading,

like the serving sizes on packs of chips.

Marketing strategies like value pricing and constant food ads stimulate us to eat more.

So most people overeat regularly, sometimes without even noticing.

And this is very subtle.

Most people don't get overweight because they massively lack self-control,

they just eat a little bit too much over a long period of time time.

Just a small excess like the equivalent of half a Snickers

over your maintenance calories per day compounds to almost 5 kilograms or 10 pounds of fat after a year.

This is how most people get obese slowly, bit by bit.

Since being overweight is also shamed on top of being unhealthy,

we try to fix our overeating behavior with all sorts of, well, behavioral methods.

The world is filled with diets and healthy habits campaigns,

but if we look at the results,

just telling people to eat healthier foods and to move more does very little in the real world.

Most people gain back most weight they lose during a diet within a year or two and often gain more afterwards,

often through little fault of their own because once you do lose weight,

your body is also working against you by trying to bring you back to the fat baseline it was used to.

Really, the only reliable way to do it is a lifestyle change,

not a break from calorie dense food,

but a lifestyle where you eat it only occasionally or not at all.

Which is not just very hard,

but also feels like saying no to some of the best things in life.

Finally, there's simply hunger, a really strong and hard-to-ignore signal from your body.

How hungry you are is genetic,

so just through bad luck,

you may experience a lot of food noise and think about eating a lot.

To make things worse in many people who get overweight or obese,

their hunger signal becomes dysregulated.

Not necessarily permanently, but even after losing weight,

it can take a long time before your hunger adjusts downwards again.

And this is exactly where GLP-1 drugs interact with our biology.

Before we get there, let's fix something easier first.

How we engage with the news every day.

Our partner Ground News is a website and app built to help you think critically about the information you consume,

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They curate news articles from across the globe,

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You can even compare headlines to see how bias shapes the narrative.

The same weight loss drug story might be framed as a miracle by some outlets,

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Using this link gives you 40% off an unlimited access subscription and directly supports our channel.

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And now, back to losing weight.

106

hunger is hormones.

107

Many eating behaviors, eat now or later,

108

chocolate or vegetables, are actually governed by an orchestra of hormones that are not within your control.

109

You're not hungry in the evening because you decide to be or because this is when your body needs energy,

110

but because your body releases certain hormones.

111

And it turns out your fat is one of the major regulators of this orchestra.

112

If you're overweight or obese,

113

the excess This fat is throwing your hormonal orchestra out of tune.

114

This may make you more hungry or push you to overeat more,

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creating insulin resistance that causes type 2 diabetes and so on.

116

We made a video if you want details.

117

But there's one specific hormone that plays its tune quietly in the background,

118

even in obese people.

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The glucagon-like peptide 1 or GLP-1.

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It's one of the hormones your body releases after a meal.

121

It tells your pancreas to release more insulin to keep blood sugar in check,

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and slows down your digestion to keep food in your stomach.

123

And in your brain, it increases your feeling of fullness and being satisfied, curbing your appetite.

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These effects are usually modest.

125

Once in your bloodstream, GLP-1 disappears in barely two minutes,

126

its song quickly fading away.

127

So, one day, scientists had an idea.

128

What if we made artificial copies of GLP-1 that play the same song but louder and much longer?

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A GLP-1 signal that stays in your body would boost insulin and silence appetite.

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The first artificial GLP-1 was approved in 2005 for diabetes and in 2014 for obesity,

131

but the revolution came with semaglutide and terzapatite, Ozempic and Majora.

132

highly powerful GLP-1 agonists that play their songs in your bloodstream for up to a week.

133

They send out a loud and steady signal that dials down your appetite 24-7.

134

You still enjoy food, but you feel full and satisfied much sooner,

135

making it easy to not overeat.

136

And since the song never really switches off,

137

you feel less hungry throughout your day,

138

making you eat less often.

139

How intensely you feel hunger is largely genetic,

140

so especially people who suffer from food noise,

141

a constant urge to eat,

142

feel a huge psychological relief from the drug.

143

Finally, their body stopped screaming at them.

144

Suddenly, you're dieting without expending willpower,

145

without really thinking about it.

146

It feels magically effortless.

147

By changing your biology, a drug changed your behavior.

148

But, hmm, is this a good thing?

149

Miracle drugs.

150

On the weight loss side,

151

these drugs are incredibly effective.

152

In three months, you can lose 10% of your initial weight,

153

three months later, over 15,

154

and after a year, you may reach more than 20%,

155

a level of weight loss that used to only really be achievable through bariatric surgery.

156

In other words, GLP-1 drugs make excess weight melt away like nothing before.

157

We can't stress enough at how unhealthy obesity is,

158

causing everything from diabetes to heart attacks and cancer,

159

so the consequences for health are stunning.

160

Treatment with semaglutide cuts your risk of stroke or heart attack by 20%.

161

17 months of terzepatide crashes your chances of developing diabetes by 66%.

162

They also reduce sleep apnea,

163

improve kidney and liver function,

164

lower inflammation, cut cancer risk,

165

and may potentially slow Alzheimer's.

166

They might even boost fertility,

167

as obesity often disrupts hormones and increases complications during pregnancy.

168

And there may be more positive long-term effects.

169

Some of these benefits are a direct result of weight loss,

170

but intriguingly, they sometimes occur regardless of how much weight has been lost,

171

and some have been seen in patients who weren't obese to begin with.

172

We don't know why yet,

173

but it seems like turning up the GLP-1 signal is synchronizing the whole metabolic orchestra,

174

restoring a balance between brain, gut and body.

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And as if that weren't enough,

176

GLP-1 drugs may also quiet other cravings.

177

They seem to reduce the use of alcohol, nicotine, cannabis and opioids.

178

Large trials are underway to confirm these effects.

179

If the results hold, they could become something unprecedented.

180

Real anti-addiction drugs.

181

But of course, there are side effects.

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commonly nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and constipation.

183

Not fun, but usually harmless and fleeting for the vast majority of patients.

184

More serious stuff like pancreatitis,

185

kidney problems or gallbladder disease do happen,

186

but for well under 5% of people.

187

So it's pretty risky to take these drugs without medical supervision

188

and in extreme cases they can land you in the emergency room.

189

While these drugs are not really that new since diabetics have been using them for decades,

190

because now millions of people are using them,

191

we might discover new side effects in the coming years.

192

Apart from this, the main downside of GLP-1 drugs may come from their greatest strength,

193

rapid weight loss.

194

If you don't actively check what you eat,

195

taking these drugs is just an unhealthy crash diet.

196

Any steep calorie deficit requires resistance training and plenty of protein

197

or else you'll lose a lot of muscle along with the fat.

198

It's harmful at any age,

199

but especially after 40, when building muscle gets harder and the risk of falls starts to rise.

200

So while these drugs change your biology,

201

they don't do all the work for you.

202

Staying healthy still requires you to adopt healthy habits.

203

In the end, the same is true for these drugs as is for any other diet.

204

Without a lifestyle change, you either have to use the drugs forever or you'll probably gain the weight back.

205

For about a year the weight loss slows down and eventually stops in most people.

206

At this point, you usually stop using the medication.

207

If you used that time to change your eating habit,

208

you have a really good chance of keeping the lost weight off.

209

But about 25% regain a significant chunk and some 20% put back on all of it.

210

So for many, maintaining the results may mean staying on the drug forever.

211

Is this a bad idea?

212

Well, we don't know.

213

The newest generation of drugs is just too new,

214

so there's no long-term data.

215

The first GLP-1s from 2005 haven't shown major issues.

216

Based on what we know today,

217

it seems pretty clear that living with obesity is much unhealthier than living with drugs.

218

And to be crystal clear,

219

this doesn't mean that these drugs are for everyone.

220

If you want to lose a couple of pounds but are otherwise healthy and have no chronic disease,

221

these drugs were not made for you.

222

You really should go the traditional route first before you start injecting drugs.

223

Using it to get to unhealthy amounts of low body fat is definitely not a great idea.

224

In a nutshell, the best thing these drugs do is to remove the pressure of intense hunger and food noise,

225

to give you a time window where you can change your habits.

226

You still need to change your habits though,

227

no drug can fix that for you.

228

Conclusion and opinion

229

A recent study modeled what would happen if millions of US adults who are obese or overweight got GLP-1 drugs for life.

230

In just two years, about 50% of all obesity in the country would vanish.

231

Over the years, it would prevent 26 million cases of diabetes,

232

13 million cases of heart disease and 5.5 million premature deaths.

233

Which seems like a pretty good thing.

234

And new drugs that are in final trials promise to work even better.

235

Defeating obesity suddenly feels within reach.

236

Right now, the biggest obstacles are actually supply shortages and high prices,

237

which make these drugs inaccessible for many who actually need them.

238

Patents for semaglutide and tizepatide will expire soon in many countries,

239

and prices for them will collapse as a result.

240

In the long run, increased production and plummeting costs seem almost guaranteed.

241

So, should we just inject obesity away?

242

Well, for now at least it seems that there are few downsides,

243

although please don't listen to internet videos and talk to your doctor before you make any decisions for yourself.

244

It's also important to remember that while these drugs are immensely helpful,

245

they are not magic.

246

They make a hard thing easier,

247

but it still requires you to change your habits and put in some effort.

248

They can gain us the time we need to fix the root causes of obesity.

249

But it does seem the future just got a whole lot healthier.

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