쉐도잉 연습: This 17th Century Learning System Will Make You Dangerous - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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Over the last few weeks, I've been reading one of the most important books ever written, which is Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes.

And on the surface, this is a book about politics and organizing a society and a world and a nation.

But because the entire first part of the book is on the human mind and on the human being,

there are actually so many great takeaways that you can take from this book about how to approach learning, about how to approach your own mind.

And while there is a lot that I disagree with Hobbes about

when it comes to the political structure and the way of viewing life, when it comes to how to approach the human mind,

the book actually touches on some points I think we need to bring back into the modern world

and the way that we approach learning and self -education in today's world.

Because as the internet continues to boom, as social media continues to boom, more and more people are learning through the internet.

They're learning through YouTube.

It's hard for modern education systems to keep up with the very fast -paced world that we live in.

With the increase in technology, the education system can't update itself enough to help you learn the skills

you need to learn in order to stay valuable in society.

And so people are turning to YouTube, people are turning to the internet, and that's great, but you also need a structure for how to learn.

And I think there are three key lessons

that we can take from this book in regards to the three principles of how to learn,

which will really, really make a big impact in your life.

And I have definitely noticed an impact in my life in

just a few short weeks of trying to apply these three principles.

And so, with that said, let's get into principle number one, which is how to approach confusion.

And more importantly, how to use confusion.

Now, in chapter three of Leviathan, Hobbes outlines two models of mental movement.

One being unguided thought, which is distracted, which is abstract, which has no direction.

And the other one being passionate intent.

Now, when we think of learning, we have to think of it as mental movement.

We are trying to learn something we don't know.

We are trying to move in a specific direction.

And because you're learning something you don't know, you're going to be confused.

That's a good thing.

But the problem here is that this is where most people fail the learning process from the moment they start.

Because the second you enter into a confused state, the second something feels overwhelming and abstract and you don't know where to start,

you don't know what questions to ask, you don't know what direction to move in, you can become so overwhelmed that the more you read,

the more you study, the more data you put into your brain,

the more overwhelmed you start to feel because you're not organizing that data in any way.

But the key distinction here is that it's a good thing to feel confused

and that it's in that confusion

that you can find the direction you need to move in and you actually need to follow the direction of your confusion confusion.

Because what you will do then is then look at where you're confused, look at what you don't know, look at where you're feeling overwhelmed,

and then write out a list of questions where if you had the answer to those questions, you would no longer be confused,

you would no longer be overwhelmed, and you would be moving in the direction you want to move in.

And so Hobbes believed that it was right here where the genius is made and the average person is made as well,

because he didn't believe that anyone was born with a brain that was naturally more talented and more capable than another brain.

They just use their brain in a different way,

and they just had a different approach to this initial confused state and this initial phase of being confused when learning something.

Whereas if you have a clear reason for why you're learning, you can ask the questions, write down on a piece of paper,

how you're going to implement this, what you need to know to implement this, how X correlates to Y,

whatever the questions are that you need answers to in order to solve the problem you're trying to solve,

in order to move in the direction you're trying to move in.

Once you ask those questions, you can then go through and try and answer them.

You now have a reason for why you're reading.

You now have a compass for what you're reading, what you're learning, how you're approaching learning.

You're constantly looking to answer these questions.

And you need to work through these questions one by one

so that you can approach learning with a very clear question you're trying to answer, and you can tick them off one by one.

And once you've ticked them off, you're out of that confused state.

Now, the good thing here is that you can only ask these questions if you're in a confused state,

because you then look at where you're confused, what you don't know, what you need to know to move in that direction,

you write out those questions.

and then you can answer them.

It's a really good way of being able to use what could be an overwhelming element of learning, what could be something that stunts your growth,

turns into the very engine of your growth.

It turns into the very engine of your learning.

And this is where Hobbes believed the genius is made

and the average mind is made because the genius knows how to use confusion, doesn't get overwhelmed by the confusion,

and actually follows the thread of confusion to then find the answers to their specific problem.

And so if I could put this into an example, it would be like a detective.

When they have to solve a specific crime, they don't have any of the answers.

They don't necessarily know where to start.

This is a very overwhelming experience.

This is very abstract.

This isn't very direct.

And so the first thing they do is always ask themselves, what do I need to know to solve the crime?

Okay, from there, we can start to approach how we can question people, where we need to go, what we need to look at,

what we need to read,

what we need to think about in order to check off these questions one by one in order to solve the crime.

This is something that is more of a meditative process

and a more meditative approach to feeling overwhelmed rather than just getting confused and thinking, I need to read more books,

I need to read more, watch more videos.

And then you're throwing more information into your brain, you're throwing more data into your brain,

but that only overwhelms you more because you're not streamlining that data into any direction.

You don't have a reason for why you're soaking in that information, and that's not going to help you learn at all.

And this is the first step of learning, and this is also the most crucial step where most people go wrong.

Which leads me into principle number two, which is to focus on formulas over facts.

Now, Hobbes warns about the scientific approach to life and the experiential approach to life.

And the difference here is that the scientific approach to life is trying to figure out what happened, why it happened, and how it happened,

whereas the experiential approach to life is just knowing what happened and remembering what happened.

Now, if you're trying to learn something.

You need to always be focused on understanding why and how,

and when taking notes, not just taking notes on information that you're reading and not just highlighting things you find interesting,

but highlighting things where you're able to find a connection.

It tells you why something's happened, how something happened.

It gives you a formula for how to work out a specific problem in the future.

You're always trying to find how it relates to something else, how a piece of information relates to what you're trying to achieve,

how that can help you in your implementation of this knowledge,

how that can help you understand where you're going to find roadblocks in the implementation of this knowledge.

You're always looking for correlations.

You're not just taking notes on the information,

you're taking notes on how it connects with other bits of information to give you a more formulaic view, a more, I would say,

in -depth view of what you're actually learning.

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And I think to simplify this, we can put this into an example when it comes to chess.

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The reason why a chess prodigy at 16 is going to

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be able to beat a well -seasoned 35 -year -old chess professional is

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because the chess prodigy has a better understanding of how the rules of chess work

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and why they work as opposed to what the rules of chess are.

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As opposed to knowing what a specific move is and then what the specific counter move is to that move,

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which I'm sure every professional chess player knows, basically every move and every counter to that move.

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The chess prodigy, by understanding how that move works and why that move works, they're able to then know where to break the rules,

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where not to do the standard counter move, but to do a different move, which changes the table in some way,

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but because they understand the formulas of chess, they understand why that move works in the first place,

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they can rearrange the board to bring confusion to the other player, and then they can start to implement their own game plan.

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It gives them that latitude, that creativity, because they understand why it works and how it works so

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that they can almost build new moves

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because they understand the principles of why the move works rather than just knowing what the move is

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and how to do it.

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See, if you're taking notes on something you're learning, it can be easy to take down information like this is the move you do

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when the other player does this specific move.

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But if you take a note where you do this move

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when another player does this move because it allows the board to rearrange in this way,

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because it then throws off this specific chest piece whatever the answer is That then gives you a reason as to why.

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So then in the future, you may know to slightly break that rule, to not do that exact move the way you're supposed to,

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because that will throw off the other player, that'll change the board in some way,

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and then you can be on the attack and you can start implementing another game plan.

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It's about understanding the formulas over understanding the facts.

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And then another example of that would be if a historian was learning about Alexander the Great.

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Now, the two historians we can compare here would be a hobby historian and a genius historian, a great historian, a respected historian.

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Now, the hobby historian might know all the facts about what happened in a specific battle with Alexander the Great,

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but the great historian won't just know the facts, but they will also look at how a specific move

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that Alexander the Great did may have led to a specific outcome that Alexander the Great achieved.

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And then when they go and research other figures throughout history, they can see where they did a similar play and got a similar outcome.

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All of a sudden, they understand that when you do a specific thing in battle or in politics or in society,

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another outcome is likely to happen.

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So now in the present time, they can write books contextualizing our contemporary age, saying that maybe we shouldn't do what we're currently doing,

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or maybe we should approach something

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we're doing at the moment in a different way in order to avoid a specific negative outcome.

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It allows them to build a better future because they have an understanding of the past,

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whereas the hobby historian just knows what happened in the past.

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They don't actually understand the past, and they don't actually understand how that may shape our future.

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They just know what happened.

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And that's the difference in learning.

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That's what separates being a good learner from just someone who can memorize.

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And that's what's going to give you the latitude

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and creativity to implement your learnings in life and actually move forward in a direction that you want to move in.

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And then the third principle, which I think is the most important principle here, it's less practical, but it is so,

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so important when it comes to keeping your mind fresh and sharp in order to approach learning and soak up information,

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and that is to avoid lifestyle pollution.

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Now, something that Hobbes warns about in The Leviathan is that the human brain, for the most part, is just in a state of reaction.

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It's in a state of cause and effect.

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It's taking in stimulus and then reacting to that stimulus.

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And this was proven in specific experiments where they took college students and played them classical music,

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which ordered their brain in a specific way, calmed their brain down.

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And then for 15 minutes after listening to classical music, they had a better perception of the room around them.

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They had a more ordered and logical perception of the room around them.

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Their spatial awareness was better.

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And that is because the stimulus they were bringing into their brain was ordering their brain

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and allowing their brain in a reactive state to react to that stimulus and become more ordered.

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Therefore, being better at understanding the room around them and reasoning around them.

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And so this is important because if you're ever going to learn something or you're about to read something,

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you're about to do research or you're about to do important work, you must always remember to not take in stimulus

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that is going to have your brain react in a bad way where it's going to be disordered and disorganized.

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It's why if you were to wake up in the morning

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and listen to specific music that you would probably hear more so at a nightclub,

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that's going to cause you to lose your sense of spatial awareness.

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It's why at a music festival, at a nightclub, people are losing a sense of themselves.

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They get lost in the moment.

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They're not thinking clearly.

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They're going a little bit – they're becoming a bit more reactive

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and in an animalistic state rather than a human state because the music is doing that to their brain.

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So you've got to make sure that you keep

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that kind of stimulus at a minimal

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if you want to be able to learn better and understand better and approach life better.

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Of course, you don't have to wipe it out of your life completely, but know that the more you listen to that kind of music,

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the more you watch those kind of films, the more you listen to podcasts that aren't ordered but are more

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so just like two comedians talking about whatever it is they want to talk about, that's going to increase brain fog.

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And we all know this.

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The more we spend time scrolling on social media, the more we feel our brain is scattered and foggy,

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the less we are at the less capable we are of organizing

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and streamlining our thoughts and speaking in a good cadence

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and organizing our thoughts in the way that we deliver them in our writing and our work and our reading.

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The more you scroll on social media, the less likely you will be able to sit down

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and read for 90 minutes or two hours straight because your brain is reacting in such a frantic, schizophrenic way.

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And so we all have an understanding of that, but this third principle is more so just understanding and reminding us

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that we do need to keep that at a minimum because it will put us in an emotional reactive state.

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And I think the difference between so much of the great work

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that was being able to be produced back in the 17th century

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and our world today is not necessarily because the human mind has gotten worse or less capable, but more so to do with the fact

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that we just have more stimulus today that can easily disorder your brain

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and lead your brain into chaos

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and disrepair at this point rather than keeping it ordered

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and streamlined mind and so that's less practical

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but it is no less important it might even be the most important

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because there's no way

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you're going to be able to order the chaos of confusion of starting to learn a new topic

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there's no way you're going to be able to understand the formulas

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and connections of a new topic

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if your brain is not ordered in the right way but with

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that said i hope you guys enjoyed this video i hope you guys got some value from it

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and until next time take care

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “This 17th Century Learning System Will Make You Dangerous”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: learning, brain, approach, specific. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 197개와 단어 2938개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 16:22입니다. 화자는 분당 약 180단어로 빠르게 말하므로 연음과 약하게 발음되는 소리가 많습니다. 단어의 88%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속해 어휘가 쉬운 편입니다.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
confusion 명사	/kənˈfjuːʒən/	혼란
chess 명사	/t͡ʃɛs/	체스, 서양장기
historian 명사	/hɪˈstɔɹi.ən/	역사학자, 력사학자
principle 명사	/ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/	원리, 원칙
formula 명사	/ˈfɔː.mjʊ.lə/	공식
solve 동사	/sɒlv/	해결하다
genius 명사	/ˈd͡ʒin.jəs/	천재
react 동사	/ɹiːˈækt/	반응하다
organize 동사	/ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/	조직하다
hobby 명사	/ˈhɑ.bi/	취미
topic 명사	/ˈtɑpɪk/	화제, 주제
practical 형용사	/ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəl/	실질적인
disorder 명사	/dɪsˈɔɹdɚ/	혼란
implementation 명사	/ˌɪmplɪmənˈteɪʃən/	이행
chaos 명사	/ˈkeɪˌɑs/	혼돈, 카오스

영상에 나오는 구동사

단어	뜻
sit down 동사	앉다

따라 말해 볼 만한 문장

영상에 나오는 짧고 완결된 문장으로, 일상 대화에서 그대로 쓸 수 있습니다:

We are trying to learn something we don't know.
You now have a reason for why you're reading.
You're constantly looking to answer these questions.
It tells you why something's happened, how something happened.
You're always looking for correlations.

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	being unguided · be overwhelmed · is made
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보	written, which is · one, which is · thought, which is
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	have definitely noticed · you've ticked · has gotten

주의할 발음

화자는 you're, don't, they're 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 73번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“sh”와 “zh” 소리: confusion /kənˈfjuːʒən/, implementation /ˌɪmplɪmənˈteɪʃən/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, spatial /ˈspeɪ.ʃəl/, sharp /ʃɑɹp/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: historian /hɪˈstɔɹi.ən/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, implementation /ˌɪmplɪmənˈteɪʃən/, creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: confused /kənˈfjuːzd/, confusion /kənˈfjuːʒən/, formula /ˈfɔː.mjʊ.lə/, lifestyle /ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/, foggy /ˈfɒɡi/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: solve /sɒlv/, reactive /ɹiːˈæktɪv/, creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, detective /dɪˈtɛktɪv/, overwhelm /ˌoʊ.vɚˈwɛlm/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: confused /kənˈfjuːzd/, organize /ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, oppose /əˈpoʊz/, regards /ɹɪˈɡɑɹdz/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, confusion, chess, historian 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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쉐도잉 연습: This 17th Century Learning System Will Make You Dangerous - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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