쉐도잉 연습: Venezuela's "Islands In The Sky", Explained. - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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220 문장

문장이 너무 짧거나 길면 Edit를 눌러 조정하세요.

This is Angel Falls, and it is the tallest waterfall on Earth.

여기는 앙헬 폭포이며, 지구에서 가장 높은 폭포입니다.

It drops a staggering 979 meters in a single uninterrupted plunge off the edge of a mountain in southern Venezuela.

이 폭포는 베네수엘라 남부 산비탈에서 979미터를 한 번에 끊임없이 떨어지는 장관을 연출합니다.

The waterfall so far that much of it turns into a mist even before it reaches the ground.

폭포수가 너무 멀리 떨어져서 땅에 닿기도 전에 대부분 안개처럼 변해버린다.

But none of this is probably news to you,

하지만 아마 이 모든 내용은 당신에게 새로운 소식이 아닐 겁니다.

because most people have heard of Angel Falls.

대부분의 사람들이 앙헬 폭포에 대해 들어봤기 때문입니다.

But most people don't know what mountain it falls from,

하지만 대부분의 사람들은 그 새가 어느 산에서 떨어지는지 모릅니다.

or why that mountain exists,

혹은 왜 저 산이 존재하는지,

or what's on top of it,

또는 그 위에 있는 것,

or what the people who have inhabited this landscape for thousands of years believe about it.

혹은 수천 년 동안 이 땅에 살아온 사람들이 이 땅에 대해 어떻게 생각하는지.

Today that is about to change.

하지만 오늘 그 상황이 바뀔 것입니다.

This mountain, or rather plateau,

이 산, 아니 오히려 고원이라고 하는 게 더 맞겠네요.

is called the Ayan Tepui.

아얀 테푸이라고 불립니다.

It is one of roughly 115 formations scattered across the Guiana highlands of Venezuela, Guyana, and Brazil.

이는 베네수엘라, 가이아나, 브라질의 기아나 고원에 흩어져 있는 약 115개의 지형 중 하나입니다.

And in my opinion, this is one of the most fascinating parts of the planet.

제 생각에 이곳은 지구에서 가장 매혹적인 곳 중 하나입니다.

These formations are known as the Tipui.

이러한 지형은 티푸이(Tipui)라고 알려져 있습니다.

They are flat-top mountains rising up to a thousand meters above the landscape.

이 산들은 정상부가 평평하며 주변 지형보다 최대 천 미터 높이까지 솟아 있습니다.

And each one of these almost acts like an island in the sky.

그리고 이들 각각은 마치 하늘에 떠 있는 섬처럼 작용합니다.

Each one carrying on its summit an ecosystem that has been isolated for a long time.

각각의 산은 오랫동안 고립되어 있던 생태계를 정상에 품고 있습니다.

And all of this makes this region,

그리고 이 모든 것이 이 지역을 구성합니다.

the Guyana Highlands, one of the great geographical stories on the planet.

가이아나 고원은 지구상에서 가장 위대한 지리적 이야기 중 하나입니다.

But what are the Tupui and how were they formed?

그렇다면 투푸이족은 무엇이며 어떻게 형성되었을까요?

Well, the Tupui are the remnants of what you all just called the Guiana Shield,

음, 투푸이족은 여러분이 방금 기아나 순상지라고 부른 지역의 잔존 세력입니다.

one of the oldest exposed rock formations on the surface of this planet.

지구 표면에서 가장 오래된 노출된 암석층 중 하나입니다.

The ancient layers of rock

고대 암석층

that makes up the Tupui plateaus was laid down as sediment

투푸이 고원을 구성하는 것은 퇴적물로 이루어져 있습니다.

on the floor of an ancient sea roughly 1.7 billion years ago ago.

약 17억 년 전 고대 바다 밑바닥에 있었습니다.

To put that into perspective,

이를 이해하기 쉽게 설명하자면,

it is estimated that complex animal life didn't begin until 530 million years ago.

복잡한 형태의 동물 생명체는 약 5억 3천만 년 전에야 시작되었을 것으로 추정됩니다.

The rock on the Te Pui was already ancient before the first fish appeared in the ocean.

테 푸이 산의 바위는 바다에 최초의 물고기가 나타나기 훨씬 이전부터 존재했던 고대의 바위였습니다.

And for the vast majority of that time,

그리고 그 기간의 대부분 동안,

these formations were not mountains at all,

이 지형들은 사실 산이 아니었다.

they were part of a vast flat plateau.

그곳은 광활한 평원의 일부였다.

So what happened between that time to the present day?

그렇다면 그때부터 현재까지 무슨 일이 일어났을까요?

How did the Tipui go from one massive plateau to hundreds of individual plateaus?

티푸이족은 어떻게 하나의 거대한 고원에서 수백 개의 개별 고원으로 분화하게 되었을까요?

What happened was differential erosion.

일어난 일은 차별 침식입니다.

Keep in mind that the rock of the Tipui is extraordinarily hard,

티푸이의 바위는 매우 단단하다는 점을 명심하십시오.

primarily made up of quartzite.

주로 규암으로 구성되어 있습니다.

The softer rock around it eroded away.

주변의 더 무른 암석이 침식되었다.

Rivers, rainfall, and time wore down everything that was less resistant.

강물, 강우, 그리고 시간은 저항력이 약한 모든 것을 마모시켰다.

And slowly, over an almost incomprehensible span of time,

그리고 아주 천천히, 거의 상상할 수 없을 만큼 긴 시간 동안,

the plateau was dismembered, away on all sides,

고원은 사방이 흩어져 있었다.

leaving behind the most resistant sections as isolated,

가장 저항력이 강한 부분은 분리된 상태로 남겨둔다.

flat-topped mountains rising above the eroded lowlands.

침식된 저지대 위로 솟아오른 평평한 정상의 산들.

So the Tapui you see here are what's left.

여기 보이는 타푸이가 남은 것들입니다.

They are not mountains that were built up,

그것들은 인공적으로 조성된 산이 아닙니다.

they are a plateau that was carved away.

그곳은 깎아낸 고원입니다.

They are just what remained.

그것들은 남은 전부일 뿐입니다.

And as the lowlands eroded away from them, the summits became isolated.

저지대가 침식되면서 산봉우리들은 고립되었다.

Not immediately, but slowly.

즉시는 아니지만, 천천히 그렇습니다.

The cliff faces of the tallest Tipui are sheer vertical rock walls hundreds of meters tall.

가장 높은 티푸이의 절벽면은 수백 미터 높이의 수직 암벽으로 이루어져 있습니다.

They're smooth and overhanging in places,

표면이 매끄럽고, 어떤 부분은 튀어나와 있습니다.

offering almost no route for organisms to travel between the summit and the jungle below.

정상과 아래쪽 정글 사이를 생물이 이동할 수 있는 경로가 거의 없습니다.

The summits became, in biological terms, islands.

생물학적 관점에서 보면, 그 산봉우리들은 섬이 되었다.

And on islands, whether surrounded by water or air in this case,

그리고 섬에서는, 이 경우처럼 물로 둘러싸여 있든 공기로 둘러싸여 있든,

evolution does its most creative work.

진화는 가장 창의적인 작업을 해낸다.

Now the summits of the Tipui have been isolated for millions of years,

티푸이 산맥의 정상들은 수백만 년 동안 고립되어 있었습니다.

long enough for evolution to produce species found nowhere else on Earth.

진화가 지구상 어디에서도 찾아볼 수 없는 종을 만들어낼 만큼 충분히 긴 시간이었다.

The Te Pui region has one of the highest rates of plant endemism anywhere in the world,

테푸이 지역은 세계에서 식물 고유종 비율이 가장 높은 지역 중 하나입니다.

meaning a remarkably high proportion of its species exist on these summits and nowhere else.

즉, 해당 종의 상당수가 이 산봉우리들에만 서식하고 다른 곳에서는 전혀 찾아볼 수 없다는 뜻입니다.

Some individual Te Pui have endemic species found on that single formation and no other.

테푸이의 일부 지형에는 해당 지형에서만 발견되는 고유종이 서식하고 있습니다.

Now an important distinction we need to make is

이제 우리가 구분해야 할 중요한 점은 다음과 같습니다.

that the soils on the Te Pui summits are among the most nutrient-poor on the planet.

테푸이 산 정상의 토양은 지구상에서 영양분이 가장 부족한 토양 중 하나라는 것입니다.

The ancient rock weathers into sand that retains almost no minerals.

고대 암석은 풍화되어 광물질을 거의 함유하지 않는 모래로 변합니다.

Water pools in shallow depressions,

얕은 웅덩이에 고인 물,

which are acidic and dark.

산성이고 어두운 색을 띤다.

Normal tropical vegetation cannot survive here.

일반적인 열대 식물은 이곳에서 생존할 수 없습니다.

What has evolved instead is a suite of highly specialized plants.

그 대신 고도로 전문화된 식물들이 진화해 왔다.

Most are slow growing and compact,

many of which have actually developed to be carnivorous due to nutrient scarcity.

Sundews, pitcher plants, and bladder warts.

These are organisms that catch and digest insects to obtain the nitrogen and phosphorus that soil cannot provide here.

If you are ever so lucky to walk across the Tipui summit,

which by the way is definitely on my bucket list,

you might think you're walking on another planet.

The vegetation is low and strange.

The rock is black with cyanobacteria and stained rust red with iron.

There's pools of dark water that sit in shallow depressions.

The clouds move here through eye level,

reducing visibility to mere meters.

And as these clouds part,

they reveal a view of hundreds of kilometers of jungle spread below like a green ocean.

It truly is one of the most beautiful landscapes on Earth.

Now this region is concentrated in what's known as the Guyana Highlands,

and this is one of the most sparsely populated and isolated regions in South America.

The infrastructure here is minimal at best,

and the terrain, well, of course, it's formidable.

Venezuela contains the greatest concentration and the most dramatic individual tepuy.

The state of Bolívar in southern Venezuela is home to the Canaima National Park,

a UNESCO World Heritage Site covering nearly 30,000 square kilometers.

Within Canaima sit some of the most famous tepuy,

Ollantepuy, from which Angel Falls descends,

Mount Roraima, the highest and arguably the most iconic,

in the cluster formation of the Grand Savanna,

where dozens of Te Pui rise from a high altitude grassland that itself sits above 1000 meters.

It really feels like a magical landscape,

and a place that inspired many stories such as Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's 1912 classic novel,

The Lost World.

But of all the Tepui,

Mount Roraima is the one that most fired western imagination.

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It sits at the tri-point of where Venezuela, Guyana, and Brazil meet.

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It rises approximately 2,810 meters above sea level,

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with cliff faces on each side dropping 400 meters.

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Mount Roraima is perhaps the Tepui most closely associated with Conan Doyle's The Lost World,

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the story of a plateau in South America where prehistoric creatures had survived,

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isolated evolutionary changes by their cliffs.

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Conan Doyle had never visited Roraima,

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but he had read accounts of the first European ascents in 1884.

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Their descriptions of the summit,

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the bizarre plants and strange rock formations,

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the sense of absolute separation from the world below,

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were enough to inspire the author.

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The novel was fiction, but the biological realities of life on Roraima's summit might be just as strange,

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Because the summit holds species found nowhere else on earth,

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including the strange Rorima bush toad.

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A small, dark amphibian that has lived on this summit for so long,

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isolated from its nearest relatives below,

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that it has become its own distinct species.

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And interestingly, it's evolved a unique defense mechanism.

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When threatened by predators, the toad curls into a ball and rolls away.

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Then there is the Ooyan Te Pui.

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The name literally means Devil Mountain in the Paman language.

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It is one of the largest Tepui,

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covering roughly 700 square kilometers on the summit plateau.

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It is deeply dissected by canyons and gorges,

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and it receives some of the highest rainfall of any Tepui.

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Angel Falls drops from a notch on the northern rim of the Aoyan Tepui into the Churung River gorge below.

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The full height of the fall is 979 meters,

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of which the uninterrupted initial drop is 807 meters.

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For comparison, the Eiffel Tower is only 330 meters tall.

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The Empire State is 443 meters.

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Angel Falls drops more than twice the height of the Empire State Building.

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But why is it called Angel Falls?

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It's actually named after an American pilot called Jimmy Angel.

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He was the first westerner to document Angel Falls.

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His flights in the region actually helped explore,

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map, and evaluate the Tipuis and the Grand Sabana region.

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Biologically, the Tipuis can be best described as the Galapagos of the sky.

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The Galapagos Islands are famous for producing distinct species through isolation.

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The Tipuis have also been doing the same thing.

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But here, the isolation is not oceanic, but altitude.

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The cliffs replace the sea,

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but the evolutionary mechanism is pretty much the same.

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The region of the Guiana Highlands is extremely biodiverse,

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and much of that diversity is concentrated in its endemism.

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According to recent studies of the Te Pui,

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it is believed that this region harbors nearly 1300 endemic species of plants alone.

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But have humans ever lived in this strange and unique environment?

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The short answer is yes.

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The Pomon people, an indigenous group of perhaps 30,000 to 40,000 people living across the Grande Sabana and adjacent areas of Venezuela,

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Guyana, and Brazil, have lived in the shadow of the Tepui for at least several thousand years,

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and possibly much longer.

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Their language, their cosmology, their entire understanding of the world is structured around the mountains that dominate their landscape.

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For them, the Tepui are holy places,

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sacred guardians of the savannah.

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According to their beliefs, the Tipui are home to the Mawari,

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ancient ancestral spirits that are sometimes considered dangerous.

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Now the summits of most Tipui were not regularly visited by the Pumon.

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The difficulty of the ascent and the spiritual weight of those mountains combined to make them places of respect rather than habitation.

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The first ascent of a Tipui was the 1884 expedition by British explorer Im Third.

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But even before all of that,

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European awareness of the Tipui region dates back to the late 16th century,

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when Walter Raleigh led an expedition up the Orinoco River in search of the famous El Dorado,

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that mythical city of gold that European explorers believed lay somewhere in the interior of South America.

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Raleigh's 1595 account, the discovery of the large,

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rich, and beautiful empire of Guyana,

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described flat-topped mountains in the interior with a vividness that suggested he or his sources had seen them.

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But El Dorado was never found,

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at least not in the form the Europeans imagined,

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but the search for it drove European penetration of the Guiana Highlands for nearly two centuries,

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and it brought the Tepui into Western consciousness,

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however distorted, long before any scientist actually set foot on a summit.

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From that moment, the Tepui became objects of fascination,

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expedition, and scientific inquiry that has continued with varying intensity ever since.

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But in a way there is still so much to learn about the Teppui because of the 115 Teppui formations identified,

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many of which have still not been studied in a systematic way.

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Many have never even been visited by biologists at all.

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Each new expedition to a previously unstudied summit returns with new species to science,

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whether that be plants, insects, or amphibians.

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In an era where it feels as though the entire surface of the earth has been catalogued,

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the Te Pui represent a genuine frontier for exploration.

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Now there is another piece of the puzzle that I haven't mentioned yet,

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and that is the cave systems within the Te Pui.

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Now this is another major frontier in terms of exploration,

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because erosion has carved extensive cave networks into the sandstone.

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Some of the largest quartzite caves in the world are found here,

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including the the famous Cueva del Fantasma,

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a huge cave that's only recently been found.

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The name stands for Cave of the Ghost in Spanish,

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and it's so vast that almost two helicopters can comfortably fly in and land.

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There's actually already been new species of poison dart frogs found in this cave.

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What else can be found in these caves?

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Are there other species of amphibians?

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And what microorganisms inhabit this perpetual darkness?

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So we started this video by talking about Angel Falls,

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the tallest waterfall in the world.

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The kind that appears on Instagram posts,

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on screensavers and travel posters.

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But behind that waterfall is a billion year old geological history.

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It's located on a mountain and an ecosystem that has been evolving in isolation for a long time.

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And around the mountain are people who have known it,

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named it and built their understanding of the world around it for thousands of years.

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And even inside the mountain are caves that have never been explored.

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The Te Pui of this region really are one of the most fascinating geological and geographical stories on the planet.

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Over the years, biologists have studied this ecosystem,

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but there is a lot we still don't know,

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and we are still learning,

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still finding new species every time we visit.

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Hence proving that despite modern day science,

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there is still so much we do not know about this beautiful planet.

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And as always, if you like content like this and you like learning more about the planet and its cities,

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its landscapes, and its countries,

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don't forget to hit that subscribe button.

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There's a lot more awesome content on the way, so stay tuned.

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And if there's any specific topic,

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a place, a city, a region,

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a country, a landform that you want me to cover on this channel,

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let me know in the comments below.

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I genuinely love reading the comments and the ideas that people have.

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And as always, I will catch you in the next one.

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Peace.

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FOR YOU

이 수업에 대하여

이번 수업에서는 베네수엘라의 에인젤 폭포와 그것이 위치한 아얀 테푸이(산) 구조에 대해 알아볼 것입니다. 학생들은 영어로 이 지역의 지리적 형성에 대한 정보를 듣고 이해하며, 이를 통해 영어 발음과 표현을 연습하게 됩니다. 특히, 영어 회화와 발음 교정에 중점을 두어, 원어민 발음을 최대한 가까이 따라해 볼 것입니다.

주요 어휘 및 구문

Angel Falls - 에인젤 폭포
Tipui - 테푸이, 평탄한 꼭대기를 가진 산
Ayan Tepui - 아얀 테푸이
Guiana Highlands - 기아나 고원
differential erosion - 차별적 침식
ecosystem - 생태계
quartzite - 규암
sediment - 퇴적물

연습 팁

이 비디오의 내용을 따라 하기를 원한다면, shadowing site에서 제공하는 쉐도잉 기법을 활용하세요. 특히, 이 비디오는 설명이 명확하고 천천히 진행되므로, 음성과 자연스러운 억양을 쉽게 따라 할 수 있습니다. 각 문장을 반복해서 들어보며 입에 붙도록 연습하세요.

또한, 영어 발음 교정을 위해 중요한 어휘를 반복적으로 발음해 보세요. 처음에는 문맥의 내용을 이해한 후, 다시 한번 정확한 발음을 시도하는 것이 좋습니다. 속도는 너무 빠르지 않게, 본인의 페이스에 맞춰서 진행하세요. 동시에, 영어 쉐도잉을 통해 자연스러운 회화를 구사하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있습니다. 각 문장이 발음될 때, 목소리를 내면서 따라 불러보며 연습해보세요.

마지막으로, shadow speak를 시도해 보세요. 비디오의 속도에 맞춰 발음하고, 내용을 소리 내어 읽음으로써 자연스러운 언어 습득을 도울 수 있습니다. 이러한 연습 방법을 통해 더욱 유창한 영어 회화 실력을 기를 수 있을 것입니다.

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
현재완료진행 have/has been + -ing — 전에 시작해 지금도 계속되는 동작	have also been doing · has been evolving
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	have heard · have inhabited · has been isolated
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	is called · are known · has been isolated
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보	people who have

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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쉐도잉 연습: Venezuela's "Islands In The Sky", Explained. - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법