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What was life really like in a medieval castle?
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What was life really like in a medieval castle?
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We're here at Farley Hungerford in South West England.
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Let's go and find out.
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To survive life in any medieval castle,
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the first thing you need is walls.
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Often several feet thick, they were the first line of defence against invaders at a time when war was rife.
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From the Norman Conquest in the 11th century,
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the material of choice was stone.
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Walls like these would have been mapped out with ropes
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and pegs and built with an outer layer filled with earth and rubble in between.
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The labour required to build a great castle was vast.
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These castles weren't just about strength but about strategy too.
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Many castles featured concentric walls,
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so walls within walls, plus defensive features like arrow loops.
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So-called murder holes also allowed defenders to pour boiling water or oil on those below.
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If attackers breached the outer wall they'd find themselves trapped in a deadly gauntlet.
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In many medieval castles there were battlements and walkways where guards could patrol and spot threats from afar.
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In Farley Hungerford there's a moat.
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The lords of castles like these would have traditionally offered protection
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to those who worked the land nearby in return for taxes or tithes.
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If villages or towns were attacked people could take refuge inside these walls.
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So these weren't just piles of rubble, they were life-saving fortifications.
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But if you were after another form of salvation,
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you might have headed to another part of the castle.
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That's right.
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As well as seeking protection behind some nice chunky walls,
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people in the Middle Ages also turned to the divine for their security.
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I'm here in Farley Hungerford's chapel,
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built by Sir Thomas Hungerford in the late 1300s,
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before being incorporated into the grounds of the castle itself in the next century.
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A figure of St George slaying the dragon dominates the chapel's east wall,
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which can be dated to the mid-15th century.
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It was almost certainly commissioned by Walter,
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First Lord Hungerford, was made a Knight of the Order of the Garter in 1421.
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But this is only a fraction of the ornate decoration believed
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to have once covered these walls before the chapel's roof collapsed in the late 18th century.
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At a time of plague,
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poor harvests and political disruption,
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these paintings show just how important faith was regarded in the medieval period.
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But it wasn't just respite from suffering that saw people head to churches and chapels.
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They were also vital features of local communities,
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offering ways to meet, form connections and celebrate life.
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Of course, there were plenty of other ways to enjoy yourself in a medieval castle such as this.
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I'm standing in what would have been the Great Hall,
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the main entertaining space of the castle.
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It might not look like much now,
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that's because it was sold for salvage in 1705 and plundered for its materials.
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But in its prime, a room like this would have been decked out in beautifully carved panelling and impressive wall paintings.
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Will records show that dining in this space would have been a grand affair?
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The second Lord Hungerford left behind over 50 silver and silver gilt bowls,
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alongside candlesticks, dishes, flagons, among other items.
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Picture this space on a dark evening with hordes of silver basking in the candlelight.
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Master Shakar Amadeus VIII's cook recommended massive quantities for medieval feasts.
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For each day he suggested 200 goat kids and lambs,
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100 calves and 2,000 poultry birds.
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And for a major feast lasting a full week these figures would be multiplied by five.
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Fish would also be needed if the feast were hosted on a Friday and Saturday as these were fast days.
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But of course someone had to cook all of this food.
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Large fireplaces like this one would have been at the heart of any medieval kitchen
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and would have required vast amounts of fuel.
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Master Chikar had some tips for this too,
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recommending 1,000 cartloads of good dry firewood,
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a great storehouse full of coal,
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And if the feast was held in winter,
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60 torches, 20 pounds of wax candles and 60 pounds of tallow candles to be used as lights around the kitchen.
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Oh, and do not trust wooden spits,
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warns Shakar, because they will rot and you could lose all your meat.
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Areas such as this one would have been alive with servants ferrying dishes and water about the castle.
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Cooks would have laboured at ovens like this one,
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which sports a particularly gruesome history.
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When a steward named John Cottle was murdered at Farley in 1518,
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his body was put into a certain fire in the furnace of the kitchen in the castle and did burn and consume.
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If stories like this didn't put you off,
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there were plenty of places to stay.
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Thankfully, not everything about castle life was quite so grisly.
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The Hungerford's bedchamber would have been decked out in lavish tapestries,
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rich bed hangings and silken quilts.
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We know that one of the bedrooms here at Farley Hungerford featured a green bed embroidered with the image of a greyhound,
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one of the emblems of the Hungerford family.
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And another called, intriguingly, the Bed of Beasts,
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because it featured embroidery of cats.
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Not everyone would have slept in such luxury,
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with castle servants more likely to sleep in shared quarters in the very top or very bottom of the complex.
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But for the wealthiest, these private spaces offered an escape from the hustle and bustle of castle life.
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And of course, it wasn't just sleeping arrangements that helped add an air of privacy and comfort to the finest castle bedrooms,
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which leaves us nicely to our next question.
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Where did people living in the castle go to the toilet?
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Well, right here.
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If you were an affluent person in the medieval era,
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you would have used a guarder robe.
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The The ones here at Farley were built into the thickness of the outer wall and over a vertical shaft.
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The waste was then picked up by one of the drains
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which took everything out onto the slope beyond the outer walls so it wasn't their problem any longer.
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Garderobes could also be in a turret over an open drop so the waste could fall below,
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often into a moat.
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Want to know more about life in the medieval period?
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Head over to historyextra.com

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