Shadowing Practice: TOEFL Writing 2026: Build a Sentence — Master Task 1 Fast! (Patterns, Examples, Practice) - Learn English Speaking with Video

TOEFL Writing Task 1, Build a Sentence Mastery How to easily master TOEFL Build a Sentence TOEFL Writing Task 1,

2026

Build a Sentence Master Grammar Increase Speed Get a score of 5 out of 5

Welcome to video two of our TOEFL Writing 2026 course.

Today we're going deep into task one, build a sentence, one of the easiest places to earn fast points on the new exam.

And I am Michael Buckoff from BetterTOEFLScores .com.

My job is to help you get the highest possible score on the TOEFL test.

What is build a sentence exactly?

So in this task, you rearrange five to seven word chunks.

You form one correct meaningful sentence that matches the prompt.

No typing, just clicking.

You have about six to 12 questions.

So in this task, you will not be writing anything.

Instead, you'll click on scramble word chunks to form one correct sentence that fits the prompt.

Think of it as a grammar and word order test.

You got to recognize patterns quickly, in other words.

Timing overview.

The task, you have about six to eight minutes, which is right around 45 seconds per item.

You have six to 12 total sentences.

You only have about 45 seconds per sentence.

That means you must recognize patterns quickly.

If you understand the sentence types I'm about to show you, you'll finish with time to spare. So what ETS scores?

Word order, 40%.

Grammar form is around 40%.

Clear meaning is around 20%.

To earn a 5 out of 5, the words need to be in the right order, the grammar must be correct, and the meaning must fit the situation.

Even one small mistake in word order can lower your score.

so the four patterns you must know number one WH questions with auxiliaries

so what I'm going to do is I'm going to show you examples of sentences

that start at five words and go all the way to 10

so you'll see that the longer this sentence the more complex the task

so the pattern

that you want to be aware of here is the wh

word plus auxiliary plus subject plus base verb plus the rest of the sentence

so here's a really short sentence what will you cook tonight

so the parts of speech here what is a wh word

will auxiliary you subject pronoun cook base verb tonight adverb time

so the scramble version as TOEFL shows it it could be something like you what tonight cook will

so you want to rearrange that

so it shows what will you cook tonight example two

so let's look at six word WH question

when will they finish the project parts of speech

when is a WH word will auxiliary they subject pronoun finish

base verb the article project noun object the scramble version project will win finish they the

so you're going to put that into the order to show when will they finish the project

seven words so why did sarah choose this course today Parts of speech, why, wh, word, did, auxiliary,

Sarah, subject, proper noun, choose, base verb, this determiner, course, noun, object, today, adverb of time.

The scramble version might look something like, course, why, today, choose, did, this, Sarah.

So again, it's, why did Sarah choose this course today?

eight words what time will your group meet on campus parts

of speech what wh word time noun question focus will auxiliary

your possessive determiner group subject noun meet base verb on preposition

campus noun object the scramble version group campus will meet time what on your

which is what time will your group meet on campus.

so nine words for wh questions

so where will the team hold their practice session tomorrow

so parts of speech where wh word will auxiliary the article

team subject noun whole base verb there is a possessive determiner practice adjective modifying session you have session noun

or object tomorrow adverb of time the scramble version session their practice where tomorrow will tame the hold

so where will the tame hold their practice session tomorrow

so as you can see it's syntax you need to know

the syntax rules the phrase structure rules for English grammar

if you speak a lot of English if you're reading regularly this will be very easy for you.

Okay, here's the really hard one.

How about 10 words?

WH question.

Sentence.

Why will your classmates present their group project in person today?

Parts of speech.

Why?

WH word will auxiliary.

Your possessive determiner.

Classmate subject noun.

It's also plural.

Present base verb.

Their possessive determiner.

Group adjective modifying project.

Project is the object noun.

N is the preposition.

Person is a noun functioning as adverbial phrase.

And the optional time adverb added earlier today.

So the hard part, I think, sometimes is you've got two nouns in there.

Where do you put them?

Remember, the prompt's important, right?

So if you're answering the prompt, that should give you a good idea about what noun's going to come first

so the scrambled here person will classmates why project present your group there in

so why will your classmates present their group project in person

today pattern number two remember you need to master these patterns

this is why you're watching this video remember in the next

video i'm going to give you hundreds of practice questions where you can get used to these patterns.

And then when you take the TOEFL, it'll be a piece of cake.

So pattern number two, WH subject question.

So the WH word subject plus the main verb plus the rest of the sentence.

So here are some examples of WH subject words.

Who, what, which, whose, and when they function as a subject of the question.

Example one, we'll start again like I did before with five words make it really easy at first

so who called you this morning parts of speech who the w h word functioning as a subject

so it kind of has a double a double duty here it's the w h word

and it's a question at the same time called main verb

100

past tense you object pronoun this determiner morning noun scramble version would be morning who this called you

101

so who called you this morning.

102

So let's move up to six words.

103

So what caused the delay this afternoon?

104

Parts of speech.

105

What is a WH subject?

106

Caused, verb, the article, delay, noun, this determiner, afternoon, noun, time, expression.

107

The scramble version, afternoon, what delay caused this, the.

108

So what What caused the delay this afternoon?

109

Example three.

110

Let's look at seven words.

111

Here's a sentence.

112

Which student completed the assignment on time?

113

Parts of speech.

114

Which determiner functioning as WH subject? Which student?

115

Student is the noun, which is part of the subject.

116

Completed is the verb the article assignment noun object on preposition time noun the scramble version assignment on completed student

117

which the time which student completed the assignment on time example four eight words which team won the regional championship this year

118

parts of speech Which.

119

Determiner functioning as WH subject.

120

Team.

121

Noun subject.

122

One.

123

Verb.

124

The.

125

Article.

126

Regional.

127

Adjective.

128

Championship.

129

Noun.

130

This.

131

Determiner.

132

Year.

133

Noun.

134

Scramble version.

135

Team year championship this, which the regional won.

136

So which team won the regional championship this year?

137

Now here's a trick, kind of a tip for you.

138

You want to understand these determiners.

139

Determiners are grammatical or what we call function words in English grammar, and typically, like with articles,

140

and also determiners like this, they are going to occur before nouns.

141

So that's important for you to know.

142

Let's take a look at nine words.

143

So whose idea helped the group solve the problem quickly?

144

Parts of speech, whose?

145

The WH determiner functioning as subject. Whose idea?

146

Idea, subject noun, helped, verb, the article, group noun, solve,

147

verb, base form, the article, problem noun, quickly is an adverb,

148

the scramble version, quickly whose idea helped solve the group problem, the.

149

So whose idea helped the group solve the problem quickly.

150

And then let's take a look at 10 words.

151

Which professor's suggestion helped the class improve their project this semester?

152

This would be extremely difficult.

153

And I'm not saying they're going to be like this necessarily.

154

I'm giving you, whenever I do TOEFL type practice, I'll always throw in a few questions that are a little bit more difficult than the actual TOEFL exam.

155

Parts of speech, which, WHD terminer, part of subject.

156

Professors, possessive noun, part of subject.

157

Suggestion, subject noun, helped, verb, the article, class noun, improve,

158

base verb, their, possessive determiner, project noun, this semester, time expression functioning as adverbial phrase.

159

Scramble version, project, this semester, professors, class suggestion, improve, which, their, helped, the.

160

So which professor's suggestion helped the class improve their project this semester?

161

Yes, no questions.

162

We'll do the same thing.

163

I'll start with five and go all the way to 10 words.

164

You kind of see the challenge here.

165

So what you're doing in this video is you're getting used to what this section of the writing will be like.

166

So you know what to expect.

167

And then you know how you need to practice

168

and your pacing is important

169

so the pattern here is auxiliary plus subject plus base verb

170

plus the rest of the sentence common auxiliaries used in TOEFL

171

build a sentence these are what we call auxiliary verbs remember

172

that auxiliary verbs occur in a verb strain

173

so they occur with the verb itself and then a main verb after it so do does did is are was word,

174

can, and will.

175

So these are extremely common in task one because ETS uses them to check whether you understand subject, verb, and version.

176

So if you have lower level English proficiency, you're going to have trouble with this type of grammar task.

177

If you're advanced in your speaking and writing proficiency, I don't think it's going to be that difficult.

178

Example one, so let's start again with five words

179

and kind of move our way up from there

180

so do you like this book five words

181

so parts of speech do auxiliary you subject pronoun like base verb this determiner book noun object

182

and the scramble version this you do book like so do you like this book

183

example two six word yes no question

184

so does she need help with homework parts of speech does auxiliary she subject need base verb help noun object

185

with preposition homework is a noun scramble version homework she does with help need

186

seven word yes no question will your group meet after class today

187

parts of speech will auxiliary your possessive determiner group subject noun meet base verb after preposition class noun today adverb scramble version,

188

class, group, will, meet, today, your, and after.

189

So will your group meet after class today?

190

So another tip.

191

So you see the word after, which is a preposition.

192

Prepositions are important because they introduce noun phrases.

193

Remember that noun phrases can consist of a determiner, an adjective, and a noun.

194

And then the preposition is going to occur before that noun phrase.

195

So whenever you see a preposition, you're looking for a noun after that, at least at the very least.

196

Eight word yes no question.

197

Can the students submit their assignments online now?

198

Parts of speech. Can auxiliary.

199

It's also what's called a modal.

200

Some call it modal auxiliary verbs.

201

The article, student, subject noun, submit based verb, their possessive determiner,

202

assignments, noun object, online adverb, now adverb.

203

Adverbs are tricky.

204

You will have trouble putting adverbs in the right order because they're flexible.

205

Sometimes adverbs can occur in the beginning, sometimes it can occur at the end of the sentence, sometimes even in the middle.

206

Okay, so the scramble version here, assignments submit now, online, there, can students, the.

207

Can the students submit their assignments online now?

208

Nine word yes, no question.

209

Is your team planning to attend the conference tomorrow?

210

Parts of speech is auxiliary your possessive determiner team subject noun

211

planning verb present participle to infinitive marker attend the base

212

verb the article conference noun tomorrow adverb the scramble version

213

your tomorrow is conference planning to team attend the is your team planning to attend the conference tomorrow

214

and now we got 10 words yes no question pray to

215

god above you don't see this on the total exam my

216

prayers are with you are the new employees able to start their training next monday Wow.

217

Parts of speech are auxiliary, the article, new adjective, employee, subject down, able, adjective complement,

218

to infinitive marker, start base verb, their possessive determiner, training a noun object,

219

next Monday time expression, scramble version,

220

their next Monday start, the able, employees are new to training.

221

So are the new employees able to start their training next Monday?

222

So let's take a look at indirect questions

223

and we'll start again with five words and go all the way to ten

224

so you can kind of see the the basic or the more complex version of this type of task.

225

So indirect questions follow this core pattern

226

so you typically will have a main clause then you might have

227

if whether you have a wh plus subject plus verb

228

and there's no inversion remember that we do not invert

229

if you're using what's called a dependent clause dependent clauses can be adjective noun

230

or adverb clauses we do not use subject verb inversion within

231

that dependent clause this is tricky so you already know that if you say, you know, what time is it?

232

You probably know how to say that.

233

What time is it?

234

You're asking a stranger.

235

But if you say, do you know, right?

236

Once you have that subverbal version in that independent clause, do you know?

237

And then what time it is.

238

So in the dependent clause, we have to use statement, not question word order.

239

Watch out.

240

Okay.

241

Examples of main clauses, Things like, do you know?

242

Can you tell me?

243

I wonder.

244

Could you explain?

245

This is one of the most commonly tested patterns in build a sentence

246

because ETS wants to see whether you mistakenly invert the subject and the auxiliary in that dependent clause.

247

Don't go down that rabbit hole.

248

Example one.

249

So let's start off with five word indirect question, right?

250

so do you know her name parts of speech do auxiliary

251

for the main clause you subject no main verb her possessive determiner name noun object Scramble version,

252

her name, know, do, you.

253

So, do you know her name?

254

Okay, six -word indirect question.

255

Notice how we're now putting in, this is what's called a complex sentence.

256

I wonder why he left early.

257

So, parts of speech, I, subject, wonder, main verb, why, wh -word introducing, embedded question.

258

Notice it's why he left, not why did he leave, right? Be careful.

259

He, embedded subject, left, embedded verb, early adverb.

260

The scramble version, left he, I, why, early, wonder.

261

So I wonder why he left early.

262

Notice with the pronunciation of it, this is important for speaking, not necessarily writing, but I wonder,

263

I have a pause, my tone's slightly inflected i wonder why he left early

264

so in the dependent clause

265

when i get to the end of the sentence my tone

266

falls a little bit seven word indirect question do you know

267

if class starts today parts of speech do auxiliary main clause you subject no verb

268

so that's the main clause

269

if subordinator introducing embedded yes no question class subject of the embedded clause starts verb today adverb scramble version

270

if starts do class no today you do you know if class starts today

271

eight word indirect question can you tell me where she parked

272

her car parts of speech can modal auxiliary you subject tell verb me object pronoun where wh word introducing embedded question,

273

C subject, parked, verb, her car, object, phrase, determiner, plus noun.

274

So the scramble version, parked, can, where, she, car, tell, you, her.

275

So can you tell me where she parked her car?

276

Notice again, I'm going to pause right before that dependent clause, have a slightly higher inflection.

277

Again, important for TOEFL speaking.

278

Can you tell me where she parked her car?

279

And then the tone falls when you get, well, you can actually have rising tone because of yes, no questions.

280

So can you tell me where she parked her car?

281

So with yes, no questions, you can have a slightly higher inflection even at the end of the sentence.

282

But with WH questions, typically we have a falling inflection at the end of the sentence.

283

Nine -word indirect question.

284

Do you know whether the package has arrived yet?

285

Parts of speech.

286

Do auxiliary, you subject, no verb, whether, subordinator, the article package, subject of the embedded clause,

287

has auxiliary, arrived, past participle verb, yet, adverb, the scramble version,

288

the arrived package, whether, do, you, has arrived know yet.

289

Do you know whether the package has arrived yet?

290

So, ten -word indirect question.

291

Could you tell me why the meeting was canceled this morning?

292

Parts of speech.

293

Could the modal auxiliary use subject explain verb why WH word introducing embedded clause,

294

the article, meeting noun subject, was auxiliary for passive or past tense,

295

canceled verb participle, this determiner morning noun, scramble version, this meeting why could morning,

296

the explained was you canceled.

297

Could you explain why the meeting was canceled this morning?

298

okay

299

so let's look at these patterns a little bit more deeply

300

now I'm always guessing I don't know exactly the TOEFL you never know what they're going to do 100 %

301

but you have these what we call common patterns

302

that you will see during the exam

303

but I think it's also good to just have some random

304

practice with any kind of pattern with English syntax too and I'll do that in my next video.

305

I will heavily test in the next video.

306

I'll give you a great test bank, hundreds of practice sentences that you got to unscramble.

307

I'll typically focus on the most tested patterns that TOEFL uses, and I'm going to also throw in some random patterns.

308

But with the first one, WH questions with auxiliaries, the pattern, the WH word plus auxiliary plus subject plus based verb,

309

what recipes will you learn?

310

So, this is the most common pattern.

311

So, look for WH words like what, when, where, or why, and helpful verbs like do, does, will, or can.

312

Pattern number two, WH word as subject.

313

So, the pattern here is a WH word plus the verb, no inversion.

314

So, which store has the best deals?

315

In this pattern, the WH word is the subject of the sentence.

316

That means that you do not use do or does, a very common ETS trick.

317

Pattern three, yes, no questions, pattern, auxiliary plus subject plus base verb, example, do you have a shopping list?

318

So when you see do, does, is, or will or can at the beginning of chunks, you probably have a yes, no question.

319

pattern for indirect questions the pattern main clause plus

320

if whether subject plus verb example do you know

321

if she will be moving so indirect questions look tricky

322

but are actually predictable the key rule no inversion after if

323

or whether it's not whether will she move

324

but whether she will move it's like i was telling you

325

a minute ago in the video do you know what time

326

it is it's not correct to say do you know what time is it how about this if i

327

if i said this do you know what her name is is correct don't say do you know what is her name

328

okay let's let's do some demonstrating here kind of get used to a little bit more here

329

okay prompt I'm planning to visit the university library today

330

so pay attention to that how would you answer

331

that what would you say that would make sense to that think about that as you look at the chunks.

332

What books you will borrow?

333

So the correct sentence here is what books will you borrow?

334

And that's too easy, let's face it.

335

TOEFL is not going to make it that easy.

336

So here's another clear example of pattern one.

337

You have the WH word plus auxiliary plus subject plus base verb.

338

So once you identify the WH question structure, the sentence becomes easy to assemble.

339

example two so you you will read i hear anna got a promotion

340

and then you see scrambled chunks no a different department she will be do you

341

if moving to so the correct sentence here is do you know

342

if she will be moving to a different department so this is challenging because in that embedded clause, you've got three parts to the verb there.

343

You've got the future progressive verb tense, right?

344

So if she will be moving to a different department.

345

So this is an indirect question.

346

Notice there is no inversion after if.

347

Okay, how about some practice?

348

So let's see if you can figure this out.

349

So when you do any practice in this video or in the next video, In the next video, I'm going to give you kind of one sentence at a time.

350

And I would set your timer for about 45 seconds.

351

Try to answer it in about 45 seconds.

352

So here's a prompt.

353

I heard you're organizing a study group.

354

When your I study group join can.

355

So pause the video and try to solve this.

356

Maybe just write it down.

357

so here's a correct sentence when can i join your study group

358

so how'd you do can you do it pretty quickly a

359

lot of times you can just kind of read it

360

and see and you kind of make sense of what it is

361

and you're going to be clicking on different words

362

and putting them in in the right order right

363

so it shouldn't be that bad so how about this one practice number two here

364

so we're planning a trip next weekend that's the the guide

365

for you in your brain then you see the chunks available

366

if you tell me will be the cabins can and whether

367

so this is an indirect question again so ets loves to test this structure

368

so take a minute and write this down in the correct order order.

369

So, did you write this?

370

Can you tell me whether the cabins will be available?

371

How about quick practice number three?

372

Prompt.

373

I missed yesterday's lecture.

374

Chunks.

375

Borrow your could you if tell me notes I.

376

take a minute and write this one down

377

remember think about the the prop i missed yesterday's lecture so you weren't there what might you ask that person

378

how about this could you tell me if i could borrow your notes

379

so what's the strategy here what do you do how do you get

380

that score obviously you want to practice make sure you use

381

this youtube writing playlist i'm designing this it's a skill building

382

playlist designed to orient you to the writing section of the

383

tool for exam to give you the strategies you need to

384

understand how to take the this part of the test

385

and then I'll give you a lot of practice exercises and you can compare to correct answers.

386

So your strategy identify the pattern.

387

Is it a WH type pattern?

388

Is yes no type pattern?

389

Is it indirect question?

390

What is it?

391

So read all chunks first.

392

Look for clue words, WH, auxiliaries, if, whether.

393

Build a skeleton, insert the chunks, do a quick grammar check.

394

So this is a pattern recognition task, not a guessing game.

395

Once you see the structure, the answer becomes obvious.

396

So common mistakes, using inversion and indirect questions.

397

Don't do that.

398

Remember, if it's a dependent clause, an embedded clause, you do not use the subject verb inversion in that dependent clause.

399

Ignoring the prompt.

400

Bad idea.

401

You need to pay attention to the prompt.

402

How would you respond to that prompt?

403

And that helps you when you're putting those words into the correct order.

404

So choosing sentence type too early.

405

Be careful about

406

that misplacing time expressions forgetting plural agreement these are the mistakes ETS expects you to make now

407

that you know them you will not make these mistakes

408

so here's a mini quiz

409

if you want to set your time limit here maybe maybe set your time your timer for maybe three minutes

410

so you have three questions so I would pause a video right now

411

and answer the first two questions

412

and then play the video to see the other three

413

so try to build a correct sentence for each prompt use all chunks exactly once

414

And here's a mini quiz continue with the last three.

415

So let's take a look at the answers.

416

So let's see how you did on this.

417

Number one, she borrowed my notes because she missed this class or missed the class.

418

Students often study in the library because it is quiet.

419

After the meeting, we decided to reschedule.

420

What time does it start?

421

Do you know if the packets has arrived?

422

So how did you do?

423

And most importantly, could you do this in three minutes?

424

Now, if it takes you 10 minutes, you've got to keep practicing until you get faster.

425

Remember, about 45 seconds, I think, per sentence.

426

So final tips for task one.

427

Train pattern recognition.

428

Learn the four question types, practice with a timer, aim for about 45 seconds per item.

429

Build a sentence is the easiest part of the new writing section.

430

So if you master these patterns, you can collect quick, reliable points.

431

Call to action.

432

In the next video, I'm going to give you a lot more practice with TOEFL writing task one.

433

hundreds of practice exercises.

434

Boost your score with real templates and model responses.

435

If you want TOEFL speaking and writing feedback, go to bettertoeflscores .com.

436

Now, I know that you don't need me to give you feedback on scrambling sentences.

437

You can do that on your own.

438

However, you might want some feedback on the email and the academic discussion portions, and I can give you an accurate score from zero to 30 points

439

and how you're doing on both of those writing tasks.

440

And don't forget speaking.

441

Speaking involves a lot of pronunciation, and I'm an expert at accent reduction.

442

And don't forget, if you haven't seen it, go to my American English accent reduction course.

443

It's a playlist at YouTube.

444

It has over 44 different videos, and it's all free.

445

You can use that beginning today.

446

I would highly recommend that.

447

Now, what do you do now?

448

Go to video number three, which will be your must -have test bank for TOEFL writing task one practice.

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Who Should Watch This TOEFL Writing Video?

This video is a must for intermediate to advanced English learners prepping for the TOEFL 2026 exam, especially those aiming to boost their Writing Task 1 scores quickly. If you struggle with grammar patterns, word order, or need to increase speed in sentence construction, the actionable tips here will help you master the "build a sentence" task—one of the easiest ways to earn points on the new exam. Even if you’re not taking the TOEFL, the focus on sentence structure and grammar makes it ideal for anyone looking to strengthen their English foundation for language learning or professional communication.

Key Phrases to Add to Your Vocabulary

The video highlights several practical terms that are essential for test success and everyday English. Word chunks (groups of words that function together) and auxiliary verbs (helping verbs like "will," "did") are central to the task. You’ll also hear "scramble version," which refers to jumbled word groups you need to rearrange. These phrases aren’t just for the TOEFL—they’ll improve your ability to analyze and construct sentences in any context, making them worth "stealing" for your own language toolkit.

Mastering Pronunciation for Clear Communication

While the video focuses on writing, strong pronunciation is key for overall English fluency—especially if you’re using techniques like shadowing to practice. The speaker, Michael Buckoff, uses clear, conversational intonation, which is perfect for shadowing practice. Pay attention to how he stresses auxiliary verbs in WH questions (e.g., "What will you cook?")—this emphasis helps convey meaning. For pronunciation practice, repeat his examples aloud, mimicking his rhythm and stress. This not only improves your speaking but also trains your ear to recognize correct word order, a critical skill for the TOEFL task. Remember: even small tweaks in pronunciation can make your speech more understandable, whether you’re taking the test or engaging in real-world conversations.

By combining the video’s grammar strategies with consistent speaking and shadowing practice, you’ll build a stronger foundation in English—one that works for both the TOEFL and everyday communication.

Grammatica in deze video

De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:

Structuur	In de video
Voorwaardelijke zinnen if + zin, will/would + werkwoord — een voorwaarde en het gevolg	if you're reading regularly this will be · if you tell me will be
Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt	has arrived · haven't seen
Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of ding	minutes, which is · noun, which is · after, which is
Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet	was canceled

Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?

Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.

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Grammatica in deze video

Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?