Shadowing Practice: TOEFL Writing 2026: Build a Sentence — Master Task 1 Fast! (Patterns, Examples, Practice) - Learn English Speaking with Video

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TOEFL Writing Task 1, Build a Sentence Mastery How to easily master TOEFL Build a Sentence TOEFL Writing Task 1,
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2026
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Build a Sentence Master Grammar Increase Speed Get a score of 5 out of 5
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Welcome to video two of our TOEFL Writing 2026 course.
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Today we're going deep into task one, build a sentence, one of the easiest places to earn fast points on the new exam.
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And I am Michael Buckoff from BetterTOEFLScores .com.
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My job is to help you get the highest possible score on the TOEFL test.
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What is build a sentence exactly?
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So in this task, you rearrange five to seven word chunks.
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You form one correct meaningful sentence that matches the prompt.
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No typing, just clicking.
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You have about six to 12 questions.
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So in this task, you will not be writing anything.
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Instead, you'll click on scramble word chunks to form one correct sentence that fits the prompt.
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Think of it as a grammar and word order test.
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You got to recognize patterns quickly, in other words.
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Timing overview.
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The task, you have about six to eight minutes, which is right around 45 seconds per item.
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You have six to 12 total sentences.
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You only have about 45 seconds per sentence.
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That means you must recognize patterns quickly.
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If you understand the sentence types I'm about to show you, you'll finish with time to spare. So what ETS scores?
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Word order, 40%.
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Grammar form is around 40%.
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Clear meaning is around 20%.
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To earn a 5 out of 5, the words need to be in the right order, the grammar must be correct, and the meaning must fit the situation.
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Even one small mistake in word order can lower your score.
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so the four patterns you must know number one WH questions with auxiliaries
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so what I'm going to do is I'm going to show you examples of sentences
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that start at five words and go all the way to 10
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so you'll see that the longer this sentence the more complex the task
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so the pattern
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that you want to be aware of here is the wh
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word plus auxiliary plus subject plus base verb plus the rest of the sentence
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so here's a really short sentence what will you cook tonight
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so the parts of speech here what is a wh word
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will auxiliary you subject pronoun cook base verb tonight adverb time
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so the scramble version as TOEFL shows it it could be something like you what tonight cook will
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so you want to rearrange that
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so it shows what will you cook tonight example two
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so let's look at six word WH question
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when will they finish the project parts of speech
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when is a WH word will auxiliary they subject pronoun finish
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base verb the article project noun object the scramble version project will win finish they the
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so you're going to put that into the order to show when will they finish the project
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seven words so why did sarah choose this course today Parts of speech, why, wh, word, did, auxiliary,
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Sarah, subject, proper noun, choose, base verb, this determiner, course, noun, object, today, adverb of time.
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The scramble version might look something like, course, why, today, choose, did, this, Sarah.
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So again, it's, why did Sarah choose this course today?
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eight words what time will your group meet on campus parts
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of speech what wh word time noun question focus will auxiliary
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your possessive determiner group subject noun meet base verb on preposition
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campus noun object the scramble version group campus will meet time what on your
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which is what time will your group meet on campus.
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so nine words for wh questions
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so where will the team hold their practice session tomorrow
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so parts of speech where wh word will auxiliary the article
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team subject noun whole base verb there is a possessive determiner practice adjective modifying session you have session noun
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or object tomorrow adverb of time the scramble version session their practice where tomorrow will tame the hold
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so where will the tame hold their practice session tomorrow
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so as you can see it's syntax you need to know
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the syntax rules the phrase structure rules for English grammar
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if you speak a lot of English if you're reading regularly this will be very easy for you.
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Okay, here's the really hard one.
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How about 10 words?
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WH question.
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Sentence.
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Why will your classmates present their group project in person today?
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Parts of speech.
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Why?
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WH word will auxiliary.
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Your possessive determiner.
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Classmate subject noun.
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It's also plural.
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Present base verb.
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Their possessive determiner.
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Group adjective modifying project.
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Project is the object noun.
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N is the preposition.
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Person is a noun functioning as adverbial phrase.
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And the optional time adverb added earlier today.
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So the hard part, I think, sometimes is you've got two nouns in there.
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Where do you put them?
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Remember, the prompt's important, right?
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So if you're answering the prompt, that should give you a good idea about what noun's going to come first
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so the scrambled here person will classmates why project present your group there in
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so why will your classmates present their group project in person
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today pattern number two remember you need to master these patterns
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this is why you're watching this video remember in the next
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video i'm going to give you hundreds of practice questions where you can get used to these patterns.
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And then when you take the TOEFL, it'll be a piece of cake.
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So pattern number two, WH subject question.
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So the WH word subject plus the main verb plus the rest of the sentence.
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So here are some examples of WH subject words.
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Who, what, which, whose, and when they function as a subject of the question.
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Example one, we'll start again like I did before with five words make it really easy at first
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so who called you this morning parts of speech who the w h word functioning as a subject
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so it kind of has a double a double duty here it's the w h word
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and it's a question at the same time called main verb
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past tense you object pronoun this determiner morning noun scramble version would be morning who this called you
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so who called you this morning.
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So let's move up to six words.
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So what caused the delay this afternoon?
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Parts of speech.
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What is a WH subject?
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Caused, verb, the article, delay, noun, this determiner, afternoon, noun, time, expression.
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The scramble version, afternoon, what delay caused this, the.
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So what What caused the delay this afternoon?
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Example three.
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Let's look at seven words.
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Here's a sentence.
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Which student completed the assignment on time?
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Parts of speech.
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Which determiner functioning as WH subject? Which student?
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Student is the noun, which is part of the subject.
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Completed is the verb the article assignment noun object on preposition time noun the scramble version assignment on completed student
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which the time which student completed the assignment on time example four eight words which team won the regional championship this year
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parts of speech Which.
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Determiner functioning as WH subject.
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Team.
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Noun subject.
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One.
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Verb.
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The.
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Article.
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Regional.
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Adjective.
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Championship.
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Noun.
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This.
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Determiner.
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Year.
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Noun.
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Scramble version.
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Team year championship this, which the regional won.
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So which team won the regional championship this year?
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Now here's a trick, kind of a tip for you.
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You want to understand these determiners.
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Determiners are grammatical or what we call function words in English grammar, and typically, like with articles,
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and also determiners like this, they are going to occur before nouns.
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So that's important for you to know.
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Let's take a look at nine words.
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So whose idea helped the group solve the problem quickly?
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Parts of speech, whose?
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The WH determiner functioning as subject. Whose idea?
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Idea, subject noun, helped, verb, the article, group noun, solve,
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verb, base form, the article, problem noun, quickly is an adverb,
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the scramble version, quickly whose idea helped solve the group problem, the.
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So whose idea helped the group solve the problem quickly.
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And then let's take a look at 10 words.
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Which professor's suggestion helped the class improve their project this semester?
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This would be extremely difficult.
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And I'm not saying they're going to be like this necessarily.
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I'm giving you, whenever I do TOEFL type practice, I'll always throw in a few questions that are a little bit more difficult than the actual TOEFL exam.
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Parts of speech, which, WHD terminer, part of subject.
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Professors, possessive noun, part of subject.
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Suggestion, subject noun, helped, verb, the article, class noun, improve,
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base verb, their, possessive determiner, project noun, this semester, time expression functioning as adverbial phrase.
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Scramble version, project, this semester, professors, class suggestion, improve, which, their, helped, the.
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So which professor's suggestion helped the class improve their project this semester?
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Yes, no questions.
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We'll do the same thing.
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I'll start with five and go all the way to 10 words.
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You kind of see the challenge here.
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So what you're doing in this video is you're getting used to what this section of the writing will be like.
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So you know what to expect.
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And then you know how you need to practice
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and your pacing is important
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so the pattern here is auxiliary plus subject plus base verb
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plus the rest of the sentence common auxiliaries used in TOEFL
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build a sentence these are what we call auxiliary verbs remember
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that auxiliary verbs occur in a verb strain
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so they occur with the verb itself and then a main verb after it so do does did is are was word,
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can, and will.
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So these are extremely common in task one because ETS uses them to check whether you understand subject, verb, and version.
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So if you have lower level English proficiency, you're going to have trouble with this type of grammar task.
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If you're advanced in your speaking and writing proficiency, I don't think it's going to be that difficult.
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Example one, so let's start again with five words
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and kind of move our way up from there
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so do you like this book five words
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so parts of speech do auxiliary you subject pronoun like base verb this determiner book noun object
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and the scramble version this you do book like so do you like this book
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example two six word yes no question
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so does she need help with homework parts of speech does auxiliary she subject need base verb help noun object
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with preposition homework is a noun scramble version homework she does with help need
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seven word yes no question will your group meet after class today
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parts of speech will auxiliary your possessive determiner group subject noun meet base verb after preposition class noun today adverb scramble version,
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class, group, will, meet, today, your, and after.
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So will your group meet after class today?
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So another tip.
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So you see the word after, which is a preposition.
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Prepositions are important because they introduce noun phrases.
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Remember that noun phrases can consist of a determiner, an adjective, and a noun.
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And then the preposition is going to occur before that noun phrase.
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So whenever you see a preposition, you're looking for a noun after that, at least at the very least.
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Eight word yes no question.
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Can the students submit their assignments online now?
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Parts of speech. Can auxiliary.
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It's also what's called a modal.
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Some call it modal auxiliary verbs.
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The article, student, subject noun, submit based verb, their possessive determiner,
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assignments, noun object, online adverb, now adverb.
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Adverbs are tricky.
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You will have trouble putting adverbs in the right order because they're flexible.
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Sometimes adverbs can occur in the beginning, sometimes it can occur at the end of the sentence, sometimes even in the middle.
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Okay, so the scramble version here, assignments submit now, online, there, can students, the.
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Can the students submit their assignments online now?
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Nine word yes, no question.
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Is your team planning to attend the conference tomorrow?
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Parts of speech is auxiliary your possessive determiner team subject noun
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planning verb present participle to infinitive marker attend the base
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verb the article conference noun tomorrow adverb the scramble version
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your tomorrow is conference planning to team attend the is your team planning to attend the conference tomorrow
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and now we got 10 words yes no question pray to
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god above you don't see this on the total exam my
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prayers are with you are the new employees able to start their training next monday Wow.
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Parts of speech are auxiliary, the article, new adjective, employee, subject down, able, adjective complement,
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to infinitive marker, start base verb, their possessive determiner, training a noun object,
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next Monday time expression, scramble version,
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their next Monday start, the able, employees are new to training.
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So are the new employees able to start their training next Monday?
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So let's take a look at indirect questions
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and we'll start again with five words and go all the way to ten
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so you can kind of see the the basic or the more complex version of this type of task.
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So indirect questions follow this core pattern
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so you typically will have a main clause then you might have
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if whether you have a wh plus subject plus verb
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and there's no inversion remember that we do not invert
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if you're using what's called a dependent clause dependent clauses can be adjective noun
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or adverb clauses we do not use subject verb inversion within
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that dependent clause this is tricky so you already know that if you say, you know, what time is it?
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You probably know how to say that.
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What time is it?
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You're asking a stranger.
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But if you say, do you know, right?
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Once you have that subverbal version in that independent clause, do you know?
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And then what time it is.
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So in the dependent clause, we have to use statement, not question word order.
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Watch out.
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Okay.
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Examples of main clauses, Things like, do you know?
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Can you tell me?
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I wonder.
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Could you explain?
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This is one of the most commonly tested patterns in build a sentence
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because ETS wants to see whether you mistakenly invert the subject and the auxiliary in that dependent clause.
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Don't go down that rabbit hole.
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Example one.
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So let's start off with five word indirect question, right?
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so do you know her name parts of speech do auxiliary
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for the main clause you subject no main verb her possessive determiner name noun object Scramble version,
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her name, know, do, you.
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So, do you know her name?
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Okay, six -word indirect question.
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Notice how we're now putting in, this is what's called a complex sentence.
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I wonder why he left early.
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So, parts of speech, I, subject, wonder, main verb, why, wh -word introducing, embedded question.
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Notice it's why he left, not why did he leave, right? Be careful.
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He, embedded subject, left, embedded verb, early adverb.
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The scramble version, left he, I, why, early, wonder.
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So I wonder why he left early.
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Notice with the pronunciation of it, this is important for speaking, not necessarily writing, but I wonder,
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I have a pause, my tone's slightly inflected i wonder why he left early
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so in the dependent clause
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when i get to the end of the sentence my tone
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falls a little bit seven word indirect question do you know
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if class starts today parts of speech do auxiliary main clause you subject no verb
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so that's the main clause
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if subordinator introducing embedded yes no question class subject of the embedded clause starts verb today adverb scramble version
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if starts do class no today you do you know if class starts today
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eight word indirect question can you tell me where she parked
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her car parts of speech can modal auxiliary you subject tell verb me object pronoun where wh word introducing embedded question,
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C subject, parked, verb, her car, object, phrase, determiner, plus noun.
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So the scramble version, parked, can, where, she, car, tell, you, her.
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So can you tell me where she parked her car?
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Notice again, I'm going to pause right before that dependent clause, have a slightly higher inflection.
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Again, important for TOEFL speaking.
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Can you tell me where she parked her car?
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And then the tone falls when you get, well, you can actually have rising tone because of yes, no questions.
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So can you tell me where she parked her car?
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So with yes, no questions, you can have a slightly higher inflection even at the end of the sentence.
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But with WH questions, typically we have a falling inflection at the end of the sentence.
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Nine -word indirect question.
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Do you know whether the package has arrived yet?
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Parts of speech.
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Do auxiliary, you subject, no verb, whether, subordinator, the article package, subject of the embedded clause,
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has auxiliary, arrived, past participle verb, yet, adverb, the scramble version,
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the arrived package, whether, do, you, has arrived know yet.
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Do you know whether the package has arrived yet?
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So, ten -word indirect question.
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Could you tell me why the meeting was canceled this morning?
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Parts of speech.
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Could the modal auxiliary use subject explain verb why WH word introducing embedded clause,
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the article, meeting noun subject, was auxiliary for passive or past tense,
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canceled verb participle, this determiner morning noun, scramble version, this meeting why could morning,
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the explained was you canceled.
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Could you explain why the meeting was canceled this morning?
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okay
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so let's look at these patterns a little bit more deeply
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now I'm always guessing I don't know exactly the TOEFL you never know what they're going to do 100 %
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but you have these what we call common patterns
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that you will see during the exam
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but I think it's also good to just have some random
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practice with any kind of pattern with English syntax too and I'll do that in my next video.
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I will heavily test in the next video.
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I'll give you a great test bank, hundreds of practice sentences that you got to unscramble.
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I'll typically focus on the most tested patterns that TOEFL uses, and I'm going to also throw in some random patterns.
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But with the first one, WH questions with auxiliaries, the pattern, the WH word plus auxiliary plus subject plus based verb,
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what recipes will you learn?
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So, this is the most common pattern.
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So, look for WH words like what, when, where, or why, and helpful verbs like do, does, will, or can.
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Pattern number two, WH word as subject.
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So, the pattern here is a WH word plus the verb, no inversion.
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So, which store has the best deals?
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In this pattern, the WH word is the subject of the sentence.
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That means that you do not use do or does, a very common ETS trick.
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Pattern three, yes, no questions, pattern, auxiliary plus subject plus base verb, example, do you have a shopping list?
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So when you see do, does, is, or will or can at the beginning of chunks, you probably have a yes, no question.
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pattern for indirect questions the pattern main clause plus
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if whether subject plus verb example do you know
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if she will be moving so indirect questions look tricky
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but are actually predictable the key rule no inversion after if
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or whether it's not whether will she move
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but whether she will move it's like i was telling you
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a minute ago in the video do you know what time
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it is it's not correct to say do you know what time is it how about this if i
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if i said this do you know what her name is is correct don't say do you know what is her name
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okay let's let's do some demonstrating here kind of get used to a little bit more here
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okay prompt I'm planning to visit the university library today
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so pay attention to that how would you answer
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that what would you say that would make sense to that think about that as you look at the chunks.
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What books you will borrow?
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So the correct sentence here is what books will you borrow?
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And that's too easy, let's face it.
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TOEFL is not going to make it that easy.
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So here's another clear example of pattern one.
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You have the WH word plus auxiliary plus subject plus base verb.
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So once you identify the WH question structure, the sentence becomes easy to assemble.
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example two so you you will read i hear anna got a promotion
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and then you see scrambled chunks no a different department she will be do you
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if moving to so the correct sentence here is do you know
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if she will be moving to a different department so this is challenging because in that embedded clause, you've got three parts to the verb there.
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You've got the future progressive verb tense, right?
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So if she will be moving to a different department.
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So this is an indirect question.
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Notice there is no inversion after if.
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Okay, how about some practice?
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So let's see if you can figure this out.
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So when you do any practice in this video or in the next video, In the next video, I'm going to give you kind of one sentence at a time.
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And I would set your timer for about 45 seconds.
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Try to answer it in about 45 seconds.
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So here's a prompt.
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I heard you're organizing a study group.
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When your I study group join can.
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So pause the video and try to solve this.
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Maybe just write it down.
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so here's a correct sentence when can i join your study group
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so how'd you do can you do it pretty quickly a
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lot of times you can just kind of read it
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and see and you kind of make sense of what it is
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and you're going to be clicking on different words
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and putting them in in the right order right
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so it shouldn't be that bad so how about this one practice number two here
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so we're planning a trip next weekend that's the the guide
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for you in your brain then you see the chunks available
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if you tell me will be the cabins can and whether
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so this is an indirect question again so ets loves to test this structure
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so take a minute and write this down in the correct order order.
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So, did you write this?
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Can you tell me whether the cabins will be available?
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How about quick practice number three?
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Prompt.
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I missed yesterday's lecture.
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Chunks.
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Borrow your could you if tell me notes I.
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take a minute and write this one down
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remember think about the the prop i missed yesterday's lecture so you weren't there what might you ask that person
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how about this could you tell me if i could borrow your notes
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so what's the strategy here what do you do how do you get
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that score obviously you want to practice make sure you use
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this youtube writing playlist i'm designing this it's a skill building
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playlist designed to orient you to the writing section of the
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tool for exam to give you the strategies you need to
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understand how to take the this part of the test
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and then I'll give you a lot of practice exercises and you can compare to correct answers.
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So your strategy identify the pattern.
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Is it a WH type pattern?
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Is yes no type pattern?
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Is it indirect question?
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What is it?
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So read all chunks first.
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Look for clue words, WH, auxiliaries, if, whether.
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Build a skeleton, insert the chunks, do a quick grammar check.
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So this is a pattern recognition task, not a guessing game.
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Once you see the structure, the answer becomes obvious.
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So common mistakes, using inversion and indirect questions.
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Don't do that.
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Remember, if it's a dependent clause, an embedded clause, you do not use the subject verb inversion in that dependent clause.
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Ignoring the prompt.
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Bad idea.
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You need to pay attention to the prompt.
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How would you respond to that prompt?
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And that helps you when you're putting those words into the correct order.
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So choosing sentence type too early.
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Be careful about
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that misplacing time expressions forgetting plural agreement these are the mistakes ETS expects you to make now
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that you know them you will not make these mistakes
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so here's a mini quiz
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if you want to set your time limit here maybe maybe set your time your timer for maybe three minutes
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so you have three questions so I would pause a video right now
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and answer the first two questions
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and then play the video to see the other three
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so try to build a correct sentence for each prompt use all chunks exactly once
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And here's a mini quiz continue with the last three.
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So let's take a look at the answers.
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So let's see how you did on this.
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Number one, she borrowed my notes because she missed this class or missed the class.
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Students often study in the library because it is quiet.
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After the meeting, we decided to reschedule.
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What time does it start?
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Do you know if the packets has arrived?
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So how did you do?
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And most importantly, could you do this in three minutes?
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Now, if it takes you 10 minutes, you've got to keep practicing until you get faster.
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Remember, about 45 seconds, I think, per sentence.
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So final tips for task one.
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Train pattern recognition.
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Learn the four question types, practice with a timer, aim for about 45 seconds per item.
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Build a sentence is the easiest part of the new writing section.
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So if you master these patterns, you can collect quick, reliable points.
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Call to action.
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In the next video, I'm going to give you a lot more practice with TOEFL writing task one.
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hundreds of practice exercises.
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Boost your score with real templates and model responses.
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If you want TOEFL speaking and writing feedback, go to bettertoeflscores .com.
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Now, I know that you don't need me to give you feedback on scrambling sentences.
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You can do that on your own.
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However, you might want some feedback on the email and the academic discussion portions, and I can give you an accurate score from zero to 30 points
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and how you're doing on both of those writing tasks.
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And don't forget speaking.
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Speaking involves a lot of pronunciation, and I'm an expert at accent reduction.
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And don't forget, if you haven't seen it, go to my American English accent reduction course.
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It's a playlist at YouTube.
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It has over 44 different videos, and it's all free.
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You can use that beginning today.
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I would highly recommend that.
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Now, what do you do now?
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Go to video number three, which will be your must -have test bank for TOEFL writing task one practice.

Why Practice Speaking with This TOEFL Writing Video?

Even though the video focuses on TOEFL Writing Task 1, it’s a goldmine for english speaking practice. The clear, structured explanations of sentence patterns train your brain to recognize correct word order—critical for both writing and speaking fluency. By mimicking the speaker’s rhythm and clarity, you’ll improve your ability to form coherent sentences on the fly. Plus, the focus on speed (45 seconds per question) helps you think and speak more quickly, a key skill for real-world conversations. This is where shadowspeak (or shadow speak) comes in: repeat the speaker’s examples aloud as you watch, mirroring their tone and pace to build muscle memory for natural English structure.

Grammar & Expressions in Context

The video breaks down four essential sentence patterns, starting with WH questions with auxiliaries. Let’s analyze three key structures:

  • WH Word + Auxiliary + Subject + Base Verb: Examples like “What will you cook tonight?” show this pattern. Notice how the auxiliary (“will”) comes before the subject (“you”), a common point of confusion for learners. Practicing this helps you form questions correctly in speech, avoiding mistakes like “What you will cook?”
  • Article + Noun Object: In “When will they finish the project?”, “the project” is the object. Mastering article usage (e.g., “the” vs. no article) ensures your speech is clear and grammatically accurate.
  • Adverb of Time Placement: Phrases like “tonight” or “today” often end sentences, as in “Why did Sarah choose this course today?” Getting this right makes your speaking sound more natural, as misplacing adverbs (e.g., “Why did Sarah today choose this course?”) can confuse listeners.

Common Pronunciation Traps

The speaker’s clear enunciation makes the video great for learn english with videos, but watch out for these tricky areas: - Auxiliary contractions: While the video uses full forms (“will,” “did”), in casual speech, these often contract (“What’ll you cook?”). Practice both to adapt to different speaking styles. - Stress on WH words: Words like “what,” “when,” and “why” are stressed in questions, giving them emphasis. Misplacing stress (e.g., “What will you cook tonight?” vs. “What will you cook tonight?”) can change the meaning. - Linking between words: In “what time will your group meet,” “what time” links to “will” smoothly. Listen for how the speaker connects these words to avoid choppy speech.

By focusing on these patterns and traps, you’ll turn TOEFL writing practice into a powerful tool for boosting your speaking skills—proving that shadowspeaks and strategic grammar work go hand in hand.

Grammar in this video

The structures the speaker uses most, with the exact words from the video:

StructureIn the video
Conditional sentences if + clause, will/would + verb — a condition and its resultif you're reading regularly this will be · if you tell me will be
Present perfect have/has + past participle — a past action that still matters nowhas arrived · haven't seen
Relative clauses who / which + clause — extra information about a person or thingminutes, which is · noun, which is · after, which is
Passive voice be + past participle — the focus is on what happens, not who does itwas canceled

What is the Shadowing Technique?

Shadowing is a science-backed language learning technique originally developed for professional interpreter training and popularized by polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. The method is simple but powerful: you listen to native English audio and immediately repeat it out loud — like a shadow following the speaker with just a 1–2 second delay. Unlike passive listening or grammar drills, shadowing forces your brain and mouth muscles to simultaneously process and reproduce real speech patterns. Research shows it significantly improves pronunciation accuracy, intonation, rhythm, connected speech, listening comprehension, and speaking fluency — making it one of the most effective methods for IELTS Speaking preparation and real-world English communication.

Shadowing technique: read the full step-by-step guide →