Shadowing Practice: The IMPOSSIBLE Cold Case That Was Solved By Redditors - Learn English Speaking with Video

Christina Skates thought she was killing time.

The 23 -year -old biology student was scrolling through cemetery records on a quiet afternoon in 2014,

when the line 82483 stopped her cold.

And on that line was a date of death, February 5th, 1975.

And beside the date was a name.

But it wasn't a name.

It just said, unknown white female bones.

So Christina just stared, puzzled.

Someone had been murdered, buried without identity, and completely forgotten.

As she later put it, quote, It was in the back of my mind for a couple months every day, thinking this isn't right, this isn't how things should be.

What Christina couldn't know was that her inability to let go would set off a chain reaction spanning years and continents.

A single college student's curiosity would mobilize internet strangers,

expose massive system failures, and ultimately solve a decades old cold case that stumped police for generations.

So this is that story, how one haunting line in a cemetery ledger became a digital crusade to give a nameless murder victim her identity back.

Crime, conspiracy, cults, serial killers, and murder.

All things that I love to consume, and I know you do too, you sick, twisted, beautiful, a little intellectually minded fk.

And today we are doing just that.

We're getting into a case that is extremely interesting because my good friends over at Reddit solved a dang cold case.

And it is an extremely interesting case.

So without further ado, let's unbuckle our seatbelts, go Mach 5 down the highway, slam on the brakes, and bust through this windshield into this solved cold case together.

So Christina Skates had always been drawn to mysteries, hiding in plain sight.

And as a biology major at Cleveland State University, she spent her free time tracing family histories and connecting dots across generations.

But this wasn't casual hobby work.

Christina had developed serious genealogy skills using advanced database searches,

DNA analysis, and cross -referencing techniques that would make professional researchers envious.

So genealogy just satisfied something in her methodical mind.

The puzzle -solving, the detective work of uncovering forgotten stories and she'd become known in genealogy communities for her thoroughness,

her ability to track down records others missed, and her persistence in cases where the trails had gone cold.

But line 82483 was different because the entry appeared clinical,

routine even, because beside the name was unknown white female bones.

And most people would have just scrolled past it, but Christina couldn't.

And the geography of this particular case made it personal to Christina because she had grown up in Strongsville,

which was just 20 minutes from where the remains were discovered.

So this wasn't some distant tragedy.

This was her backyard.

Someone murdered, buried, nameless, and forgotten just miles from her childhood home.

So to understand how a murder became a footnote, we need to rewind back to February 15th, 1975

when three teenage boys were exploring along Rocky River in Mill Stream Run Reservation when they made a grim discovery.

Scattered among the winter debris were partial skeletal remains, clearly human and clearly old.

Or that's what they thought.

And the boys would call the police eventually.

It took them a minute, but, you know, whether they were scared of admitting it to their parents or they were just scared in general, we won't know.

But they did end up calling the police.

And the excavation that followed yielded more questions than answers.

But the skull told the story because there was a .24 caliber bullet lodged in the left temple.

And on February 12th, 1975, the death was ruled a homicide.

But the skeleton was incomplete, weathered by months of exposure.

And animal scavenging had scattered bones throughout the woods.

So crucial pieces were entirely missing and the jawbone was completely gone.

Along with most of the teeth, there was only five left.

Plus one interrupted wisdom tooth.

And the age estimate was about 20.

But without the completed remains, that was even educated guesswork.

So investigators knew they had a young white woman murdered and dumped along Rocky River.

And someone had executed her with a single shot to the head, then abandoned her body in the woods.

But without identification, without family coming forward, the case grew cold fast.

The investigation tried everything 1975 had to offer.

They even compared the skull to photos of Patty Hearst.

She was actually making headlines at the time.

So the police just thought, you know, the most famous person in the United States right now, it's not even near this location.

Maybe it's Patty Hearst, you know, they're kind of crossing their fingers that they could solve one of the biggest cases in the United States at the time.

But alas, the dental records did not match, and it was just far -reaching anyway.

So they couldn't find a match and no missing persons reports fit with this case and no families claimed her.

So on May 15th, 1975, three months after discovery, the identified remains were buried in Potter's Fields at Memorial Garden Cemetery.

And Memorial Garden Cemetery was basically where bodies that were unclaimed went.

And her headstone was unmarked and unremarkable.

And there was no grieving family, no friends, just another unclaimed body in an anonymous section reserved for those with nowhere else to go.

And that cemetery entry would be what caught Christina's attention all those years later, unknown white female bones.

So someone was looking for her once again.

But since 1975, years had passed and the case files just gathered dust

and detectives were tired and evidence was just boxed away.

So the young woman murdered along Rocky River became truly forgotten, existing only in that ledger.

But in 2014, Christina decided to do something about it.

Because Christina's biology training had taught her to question, to dig deeper when something didn't add up.

And her genealogy hobby had shown her how to research, how to connect seemingly unrelated information.

And her naturally inquisitive personality, what friends called her amateur detective streak, wouldn't abandon someone so completely forgot by the system meant to protect them.

So staring at the cemetery entry, Christina had no idea she was about to trigger a chain of events that would captivate online communities,

engage professional forensic artists, expose system -wide failures, and give a name back to someone erased from history for 44 years.

So Christina made the decision that would consume the next several years of her life.

An unknown white female bones would get her name back because of it.

So she started where any good researcher would, the newspaper.

So hours at local libraries, hunched over microfiche machines, scrolling through decades -old archives,

she searched for any mention of February 1975 discovery along the Rocky River,

just hoping contemporary coverage might reveal details missing from official reports.

But what she found was worse than silence.

There was virtually nothing.

A young woman murdered remains discovered by children, and it barely rated as a news brief.

So in 1975, this case was treated as just another Jane Doe, another unidentified body worth little public interest.

So without media coverage, there'd be no public awareness at all.

No tips, no pressure on investigators.

And the young woman had been forgotten by the press as thoroughly as by the system.

And next came the police departments and Christina called everyone.

The Cleveland police, the Akron police, the Cowahoga County Sheriff's office and she hit wall after wall.

And some departments had no records at all and others had incomplete files.

But most simply told her cold case information wasn't public or she'd need formal requests, which would take weeks or even months.

So the digital age had just spoiled Christina and here was a decades old murder with no apparent ongoing investigation.

Yet accessing basic information required navigating bureaucracies that seemed designed to discourage inquiry.

She was actually starting to learn why so many cold cases stayed cold,

and institutional barriers can be as formidable as investigative challenges.

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But then she caught her first break.

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Lieutenant Don Silvis of Cleveland Metro Parks Police was different, and when Christina explained her interest in Strongsville Jane Doe,

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Silvis, surprisingly, didn't dismiss her like the other ones.

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He would actually recognize something in her persistence and her genuine concern for a forgotten victim,

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and her demonstrated genealogy expertise from their phone conversation.

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So Silvis would do something extraordinary and he gave Christina copies of the original case files.

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Crime scene photos, forensic reports, investigative notes that hadn't seen daylight in decades.

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And this was not standard procedure.

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You know, just ask the police, hey, can I have some crime scene photos?

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And they give it to you.

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Because sharing active case files with civilian researchers broke protocol.

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But Silvis saw an opportunity.

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If Christina's genealogy skills and online networks could generate new leads on a stone cold case, why not take a chance?

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And those files would change everything.

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And the photos were haunting.

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Images of the muddy skull discovered by three teenagers

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and forensic shots of the bullet in the temple and documentation of scattered remains.

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So this wasn't just a cemetery ledger entry anymore.

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This was a real person who'd suffered real violence and Christina was staring at the evidence now.

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So she would work on it for a while by herself

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but she would start to hit a wall and she had taken her solo investigation as far as possible.

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So she needed help and she needed to get other eyes on this case, the kind of collective intelligence only a community could provide.

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And that's when Christina turned to Reddit.

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Shout out to Reddit.

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And she would choose r slash unsolved mysteries, a community of over 400 ,000 members dedicated to cold cases and missing persons.

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I have spent many an hour on this subreddit and the people in it are awesome.

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And she would actually use the username callmeice.

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Her name's Christina.

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My name's Christina.

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I said, call me Chris.

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She said, call me ice.

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I don't know.

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I feel like we need to be friends.

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Anyway, so Christina would share everything.

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The cemetery record that started it all.

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Details from Silvis's case files, crime scene photos, her theory that this case had fallen through the cracks, and more.

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And the response was immediate and overwhelming.

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Christina would say, I posted on Reddit because I figured other people could do more than I could at that point.

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And she was right.

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So the community was fascinated, but not for the typical true crime reasons.

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As Christina noted, people were actually interested in the case because they were amazed that there wouldn't be something in a database.

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And these weren't just armchair detectives seeking entertainment.

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They were genuinely outraged that a murder victim could be so completely erased from official records.

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And the case represented everything wrong with cold case handling, jurisdictional confusion, poor record keeping, communication failures, and casual dismissal of searching families.

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So users immediately began deploying sophisticated research techniques,

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and some would cross -reference the Strongsville's discovery with missing persons databases from the 1970s,

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and others use advanced Google searches to hunt for newspaper mentions that Christina might have missed.

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And digital archives, genealogy databases, military records, social security death indexes,

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the community just cast a research net wider than any individual could manage.

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And the case would spread beyond Reddit even.

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With Christina's permission, a websleuths .com username, Migmu, cross -posted her research.

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And Websleuths was purpose -built for public involvement in missing persons cases.

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And it had 115 ,000 members, 12 million posts, and proven track record of matching over 20 unidentified bodies with missing people,

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which is crazy.

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My kind of people.

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But the platform had specific forms for different types of cases.

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Unidentified persons, missing persons, cold cases, and members included retired law enforcement, genealogy experts, former military investigators,

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and amateur sleuths with specialized knowledge.

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And when this case appeared, it just triggered systemic investigation by people who knew how to research exactly such mysteries.

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So Christina had accidentally created a perfect storm, a storm of crowdsourced investigation.

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So the collaboration between Reddit and the web sleuths became seamless

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and users on both platforms shared their theories and divided research tasks

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and cross -posted significant findings and some focused on newspaper archives from the 1970s and others specialized in genealogy research,

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building family trees from potential matches.

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And others reached out through professional networks, sharing information with colleagues in law enforcement or forensic sciences.

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So this collective effort kind of wielded a power traditional law enforcement just couldn't match.

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Because while individual detectives juggled dozens of cases, these online communities could focus entirely on one single mystery.

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And while official investigations faced jurisdictional boundaries and bureaucratic constraints, internet sleuths could follow leads anywhere,

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regardless of geographic or institutional limits.

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Thank God for the internet.

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So Christina just watched in amazement as her solitary obsession became a collaborative investigation involving dozens of people across the country.

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Because one college student's inability to forget a cemetery entry had

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become a community effort to restore identity to someone systemically erased from memory.

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So hundreds of miles away from Christina's Ohio investigation was a 54 -year -old former CPA in California.

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And he was just browsing the same forums that had become captivated by the Strongsville's Jane Doe case.

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And this man was Carl Kopelman.

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And he was not your typical forum user.

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No, no, nay, nay.

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This was a man who discovered an unusual calling.

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And that calling was creating facial reconstructions of unidentified remains.

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Very niche, but very cool.

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And Kobelman's path to forensic artistry was unconventional.

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Because after retiring from accounting, he developed an interest in unidentified remains cases.

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And initially just following them online, but his analytical mind and natural artistic ability led him to try something something ambitious,

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which was learning to create facial reconstructions using computer software and anatomical knowledge acquired through intensive self -study,

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which is so impressive.

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Like, I like to paint, you know, but this guy's like, you know what I'm going to do?

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I'm going to be a f*ing hero, basically.

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So it started as a hobby had become something much bigger, and Kopelman had that already helped solve high profile cases,

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including the identification of Tammy Jo Alexander, known for decades as Caledonia Jane Doe.

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And his reconstructions combined artistic skill with forensic science, using skull measurements, tissue depth markers,

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and anatomical knowledge to build faces that could spark recognitions from families and friends.

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So when he encountered Christina's research, he was immediately intrigued.

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But intrigue and action are different things, obviously.

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So Kopelman's initial reaction to the Strongsville case was professional skepticism

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because the photos Christina had obtained were challenging

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because the skull was caked with mud after months of exposure and damaged by decomposition and animals.

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So crucial facial features were missing entirely.

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And he would say, I looked at that for a couple of months and I thought, no, the angles are wrong.

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There's no mandible, no hair color.

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The front teeth are missing.

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There's no way I can do anything with this." So for a forensic artist, these weren't inconveniences, they were fundamental obstacles.

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Because the mandible determines facial structure and jawline, and hair color affects perception and memory, and teeth influence lip positioning and facial symmetry.

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So without these elements, Kopelman was being asked to create a face from fragments

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and to restore humanity to someone whose most distinctive features had been lost.

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So the technical challenges were immense, and Koppelman would need to estimate mandible size and position based on what remained of the skull's attachment points.

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So for months, the photos sat in his files, a constant reminder of an impossible challenge.

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But something about the case wouldn't let him go.

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And maybe it was Christina's persistence documented in forum posts.

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Maybe it was institutional failure that had left the murder victim nameless for 40 years.

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And maybe it was just recognition that if he didn't try, no one else would.

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So finally, Kopelman made his decision with characteristic directness.

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And he would say, eventually I came along and said, what the hell, I'll give it a shot.

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And thank God he did.

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So using sophisticated 3D modeling software, typically employed by professional forensic anthropologists,

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Kopelman began to painstakingly process a digital reconstruction.

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And he studied the skull photographs from every available angle, taking precise measurements and noting anatomical landmarks.

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And using tissue depth data from the FBI's forensic database, he calculated how flesh would have sat on the bone structure.

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Which, again, just like crazy that people can do this.

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But anyway, so the missing mandible was the one that required educated guesswork based on skull proportions and attachment points.

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And Kopelman studied similar cases and consulted anthropological references and made careful estimates about jaw size and position.

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And for the missing teeth, he estimated lip positioning based on remaining dental structure.

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Because remember, she had five teeth left, so not a lot to work with.

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And the hair presented another challenge.

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With no DNA to indicate color or texture, Kobleman chose a neutral brown that wouldn't bias recognition one way or another.

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So the goal was creating a face people could see as their missing loved one, regardless of specific details that might have changed.

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So using digital reconstruction techniques and years of studying facial anatomy, Koppelman began rebuilding a face from the damaged skull in those muddy crime scene photos.

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And the result was remarkable.

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Because despite limitations, Koppelman had created a facial reconstruction that looked like a real person rather than a medical illustration.

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And the digital artwork showed a young woman with soft features,

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kind eyes, and an approachable face someone who could have been anyone's daughter or sister.

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So for the first time in over 40 years, the Strongsville's Jane Doe had a face people could connect with emotionally.

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But creating the reconstruction was only half the battle.

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The real challenge was getting it before the right people.

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And those people were investigators and family members who might recognize those carefully reconstructed features.

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And this is where Christina's internet community proved invaluable because the facial reconstruction spread across Reddit, web sleuths and other platforms,

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reaching thousands who might have information.

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Yet even with this breakthrough, the case might have stayed in internet forums indefinitely, if not for a completely unrelated phone call Kopelman made in 2016.

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So he'd been working on another case and needed to contact Cahuahoga County Medical Examiner's Office about different remains entirely.

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And during that conversation, he mentioned the Strongsville's bones case, describing his facial reconstruction and his frustration with the lack of progress.

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And the response was shocking because on the other line, the person said, What bones?

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Because the officials had no record of the Strongsville Jane Doe case in their system at all.

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So this wasn't an oversight or misfiled report.

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The case had never been entered into NAMM -US, the National Missing and Unidentified Person System,

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which was the primary database for cross -referencing unidentified remains with missing persons reports nationwide.

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So the revelation was stunning because for over a decade,

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NAMM -US had been solving cold cases by allowing investigators to search for matches between missing persons and unidentified remains.

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But the system was specifically designed to prevent cases like Strongsville Jane Doe from falling through bureaucratic cracks.

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But as we know, it did.

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And none of that mattered if the case was never entered to begin with.

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So it all ended up being a simple clerical error, likely a spelling mistake or a jurisdictional confusion from the 1970s.

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And it had prevented this murder victim from being included in modern tools designed to identify her.

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So the discovery exposed systemic failure beyond one tragedy

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and how many other cases were lost to similar errors

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and how many families were still searching for missing loved ones whose cases had never made it into databases

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that could provide answers.

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But once discovered, correcting the error was pretty straightforward.

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And the Strongsville Jane Doe case was finally entered into Nam -US,

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complete with Kopelman's facial reconstruction and all the forensic details gathered over decades.

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So for the first time since 1975, this person, this victim was officially part of the system designed to help identify her.

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And the impact was almost immediate.

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So in December of 2016,

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Sergeant Jeff Smith of Akron Police was conducting routine NOMUS database searches when he came across the newly entered Strongsville case.

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And something caught his attention.

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The age estimate, the timeframe, and the location.

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So Smith began cross -referencing with missing persons reports from the same period, looking for potential matches.

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And that's when he found her.

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A missing person report from September 1974.

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A 17 -year -old girl who had disappeared from Akron just months before the Strongsville remains discovery.

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And the age was right, and the timing was right, and the geographic proximity made sense.

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But what really convinced Smith he might have found a match was Kopelman's facial reconstruction

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because when Smith pulled up the missing person photo and compared it to the digital artwork, the resemblance was unmistakable, which is wild,

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especially based off of how little evidence he had to work off of.

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And Koepelman's reaction when he saw the photograph for the first time was immediate and definitive, and he would say, She looked like my drawing.

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So after months of painstaking work reconstructing a face from fragmentary remains, and after years of the case languishing in digital obscurity,

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the breakthrough had finally come.

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And the forgotten murder victim finally had a name.

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And that name was Linda Marie Pagano.

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So at this point, having a potential match was one thing.

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Proving it scientifically was another thing entirely.

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So what followed Sergeant Jeff Smith's discovery would require months of legal consultations,

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forensic planning, and scientific precision to finally answer questions that had haunted a family for over four decades.

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And this was nothing less than the resurrection of Linda Marie Pagano, both literally and figuratively.

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So the first step was dental records

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because Linda's 1974 missing persons file included dental record charts from regular checkups and detailed records documenting her teeth's unique characteristics.

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So when investigators compared these to the Strongville's Jane Doe's remaining dental structure, they found promising similarities.

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But as we know, the skeletal remains were incomplete and only five teeth plus one interrupted wisdom tooth was available for comparison.

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So while encouraging, the dental evidence wasn't conclusive enough for definitive identification.

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So for that, they needed DNA.

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So obtaining DNA samples meant exhuming remains buried in an unmarked grave for over 40 years.

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So in October of 2017, the investigators returned to Memorial Garden Cemetery with court orders and ground penetrating radar from the universal of Akron.

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And the technology would let them conduct magnetic surveying of Potter's Field, searching for the exact 1975 burial location among dozens of unmarked graves.

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Very difficult.

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And the exhumation proved more challenging than anticipated, because Potter's Field is notoriously difficult.

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Because with the minimal record keeping, graves were poorly marked or just not marked at all.

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So the first attempt yielded wrong remains entirely.

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And it was just another stark reminder of how easily the dead were forgotten, especially when the proper documentation was lacking.

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But with multiple attempts and careful surveying, they were finally able to find the correct location.

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And they were able to successfully exhume the remains buried as unknown white female bones in 1975.

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So once recovered, samples were extracted and sent to the University of North Texas DNA Laboratory for forensic identification.

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The lab would conduct mitochondrial DNA testing, comparing genetic materials from the remains with cheek swabs from Linda's surviving siblings.

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And this type of DNA is ideal for degraded remains

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because it's more stable than regular DNA and passed through the maternal line.

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So perfect for sibling comparisons.

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So while science was working, investigators pieced together who Linda Pagano had been in life.

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So born April 11th, 1957, Linda was the youngest of three children.

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And friends and family called her Mitch, short for Midget, A playful reference to her petite stature, which is not okay to say now,

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but it's, it's, that's what they called her.

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It's not me saying it, it's what they called her.

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And it was a different time, and it's terrible, but anyway.

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It was based on her petite stature of about 4 '10 and about 100 pounds.

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But Linda's small size belied a big personality.

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And those who knew her described her as honest, hardworking, and surprisingly independent for someone so young.

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And she had blonde hair and blue eyes that seemed to sparkle with mischief.

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And despite being naturally shy, Linda was well liked among her classmates at Springfield High School in Akron.

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And she worked part -time at the A &W restaurant in Talmadge, earning her own money and just saving it for the future.

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So Linda was the kind of teenager who followed the rules.

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And she stayed out of any serious trouble, but had dreams beyond her small town circumstances.

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So what investigators discovered about Linda's final night alive was magical and heartbreaking.

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So on August 31st, 1974, Linda had tickets to Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young at Cleveland Stadium.

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I absolutely love them. So good.

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Wish I could have seen them in concert.

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But it was one of the biggest concerts of the year.

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It was three hours of music, 26 songs, and two encores.

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And the crowd of 80 ,000 was electric.

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And Linda was having the time of her life.

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And the final song of the evening was Ohio.

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Neil Young's haunting tribute to the Kent State shootings just a few hours away from Cleveland Stadium.

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And the irony in that would become heartbreaking, as Linda Marie Pagano's final night, Alive, ended about a song about young people dying in Ohio.

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And within 12 hours, she would become another Ohio tragedy.

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So Linda was particularly close to her mother, and her relationship with her stepfather,

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Byron Claflin, had always been tense because Claflin was a strict disciplinarian with a volatile temper,

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especially when he'd been drinking.

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And as Linda approached 18, the household tensions were escalating and she was starting to assert independence that Claflin saw as defiance.

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So the last weekend of August, 1974 started Ordinary for Linda.

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She had tickets to her favorite band

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and she drove there with her prized gold Mustang she saved up to buy and she would pick up her boyfriend, and Steve Wilson along the way and her friends.

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So they would all go to the concert and enjoy it.

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And as one friend later recalled, Linda seemed on top of the world.

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But the evening would run late and the concert didn't end until after 11 PM.

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And then there was traffic dropping off friends and the drive back to Akron.

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So Linda didn't return home until about 4 AM on September 1st. And her father, Byron Claflin was waiting for her.

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The Claflin was a bartender with a reputation for heavy drinking and a temper, as we know, that made him unpredictable when angry.

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And he'd been drinking that night, stewing over Linda's absence, working himself into a rage about her independence and perceived disrespect.

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And the argument that followed was heated and final.

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And in his fury, Claflin threw Linda out of the apartment, telling her to never come back.

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And those were the last words anyone would officially hear Linda Pagano speak.

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And after that night, Linda was reported missing September 2nd of 1974, just one day after the confrontation.

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And she had nowhere to go, no money beyond what was in her purse, and few options for someone her age in 1974.

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And unlike today, no cell phones to track, no social media to monitor, no digital footprint providing clues, so Linda Pagano had simply vanished.

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And despite her family's efforts, she remained missing for 44 years, as we know.

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And Byron Claflin, the last person to see Linda alive, remained a person of interest until his death in 1990, though never charged with any crime.

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So he took whatever knowledge he had about Linda's fate to his grave, and the investigation always suspected Linda's disappearance connected to that final argument.

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But without a body, evidence, or witnesses, nothing could be proven in court.

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So flash forward to 2017 again with the DNA matches going on.

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So if the Strongsville remains were Linda's, the mitochondrial DNA would match exactly.

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But the test had limitations because mitochondrial DNA is less discriminating than nuclear DNA

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because thousands of people might share the same mitochondrial profile.

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So the test could rule Linda out definitively if it didn't match.

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But a positive match would only indicate family relationship, not absolute identification.

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But fortunately, in Linda's case, other evidence supported the DNA match.

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The age, height, timing, and geographical proximity all aligned.

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So when combined with that positive mitochondrial DNA result,

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investigators had scientific confirmation of what Carl Kopelman's facial reconstruction had suggested months earlier.

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So on June 29, On the 9th, 2018 now, those questions finally received their scientific answer.

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And the DNA results from the University of North Texas came back with a definitive confirmation.

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And the remains discovered by three teenage boys along Rocky River in 1975 were indeed Linda Marie Paganos.

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So after 44 years, the girl thrown out of her home after a late night had finally been found.

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And Christina Skates learned the news while gaming at home,

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receiving a phone call that validated years of obsessive research and sleepless nights wondering about a forgotten murder victim.

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And as she later described her reaction, quote unquote, I got choked up when I got the news.

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I can't even imagine, like, just doing a hobby,

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like to look for somebody's name that just got forgotten by bureaucratic bullshit

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and then being able to solve the case with the help of so many people like this, it's just amazing.

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It's amazing to me.

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So the cemetery ledger entry that had haunted her for months finally had resolution.

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An unknown white female bones now had a name, a family and people who never stopped loving her.

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And the official announcement came July 12th, 2018 at a press conference marking the end of one of Ohio's longest running Jane Doe cases.

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And Linda Marie Pagano was no longer a mystery.

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She was a murder victim who deserved justice, and her case immediately transferred to the Cleveland Metro Parks Police as an active homicide investigation.

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So for Michael Pagano, Linda's brother, who had called the police in 1975 only to be dismissed, the confirmation was overwhelming.

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Because back in 1975, Michael heard about the remains that were found, and he thought they were his sisters.

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But the police just said, nah, nah, it doesn't sound right.

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And the case was, as we know, filed away and forgotten.

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So I can't even imagine the relief her brother has felt and also just the betrayal at the same time.

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But what he said about the case was, I thought I was in a dream.

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I thought I would never see this.

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I thought this day would never come.

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I thought I would die wondering.

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I am amazed how this came to light like it did.

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So the man who had spent over four decades wondering what happened to his little sister finally had his answer.

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And Michael made sure to meet Christina Skates in person, to thank the young woman whose curiosity

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and persistence had accomplished what the official system failed to do for nearly half a century.

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And it was a meeting between strangers whose lives had been connected by tragedy

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and determination and recognition that sometimes the most important justice work happens outside official channels designed to provide it.

395

So in January, 2019, Linda Marie Pagano was finally laid to rest properly

396

and her remains were cremated and buried next to her mother in Holy Cross Cemetery, ending a journey from an unmarked Pottersfield grave to a final

397

resting place surrounded by family who would never stop searching for her.

398

But finding Linda Pagano's identity was only half the battle.

399

Now investigators face the daunting challenge of proving who killed her.

400

So when the case transferred to Cleveland Metroparks Police as an active homicide investigation in July 2018,

401

detectives inherited a murder nearly 44 years old,

402

degraded evidence with deceased suspects and witnesses scattered to the winds over four decades.

403

So the primary suspect had always been clear,

404

Byron Claflin, Linda's stepfather, who'd thrown her out after the final argument in the early morning hours of September 1st, 1974.

405

So these circumstances just painted a disturbing picture.

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A young woman with nowhere to go, kicked out by her angry stepfather in the middle of the night.

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But as we know, Byron Claflin had died in 1990.

408

So whatever knowledge he had about that night had died with him.

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So even if investigators could have built a strong case against him, there would be no trial,

410

no conviction, no formal acknowledgement of guilt and the most likely suspect had escaped earthly justice by nearly three decades.

411

But the other key figure was Linda's boyfriend, Steve Wilson, because he had also vanished from the official record.

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Wilson had been with Linda at the concert, drove her home that night, and would have been crucial to understanding the final hours.

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But decades of dead ends had failed to locate Wilson.

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So by 2018, investigators weren't even certain if he was still alive.

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So without testimony, crucial details about Linda's final hours remained forever lost.

416

And for Michael Bogano, who'd waited 44 years for answers, the investigation's limitations were deeply frustrating.

417

And the family finally knew what happened to Linda, but legal accountability remained painfully unresolved.

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And as Michael put it, with weary resignation, we'll know in our hearts who did it, but we'll never be able to prove it.

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Which is so heartbreaking.

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The challenges facing Linda's case were symptomatic of broader problems plaguing cold case work nationwide.

421

Because evidence degrades, witnesses die or disappear, and suspects escape accountability through death or time's passage.

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But Linda's case also exposed systemic failures beyond normal cold case difficulties.

423

And the clerical error

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that kept Linda's case out of the national database for over

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a decade raised troubling questions about the entire missing person system

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is how many families were waiting for answers prevented by similar bureaucratic failures.

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And NAMM -US had been operational since 2009, designed specifically to prevent cases like Linda's from falling through the cracks.

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Yet as of 2016, thousands of older cases have never been entered into the system.

429

So if a spelling mistake or jurisdictional confusion could erase a murder victim from identification systems, how many other Linda Paganos were buried in unmarked graves,

430

lost to administrative incompetence rather than investigative limitations.

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The revelation sparked audits of missing person databases across Ohio and beyond.

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And investigators found hundreds of cases that have never been properly entered into modern systems.

433

And Jane and John Doe's from 1970s and 1980s who'd been forgotten, not because they were unsolvable,

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but because they'd never been dignitized or cross -referenced with missing person reports.

435

So the interagency communication breakdown

436

that dismissed Michael Pagano's 1975 inquiry just revealed how easily crucial information falls through the cracks

437

when police departments fail to coordinate effectively.

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And Akron police who took Linda's missing persons report apparently never received proper notification about Strongsville's remains discovery.

439

Or if they did, the information was never processed or cross -reference.

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And in the pre -computer era, a 20 mile jurisdictional gap might have well have been 2 ,000 miles.

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So it took a volunteer forensic artist working from his home computer to finally give Linda a recognizable face.

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Technology that cost thousands of dollars in the 1970s was now accessible to dedicated amateurs with modern software and internet tutorials.

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But Linda's case also demonstrated the transformative potential of modern technology and community collaboration.

444

And Christina Skates accomplished what decades of official investigation had failed to achieve.

445

Not because she had special training or resources, but because she had persistence,

446

curiosity, and access to digital tools that let her connect with like -minded investigators worldwide.

447

And more importantly, Linda's case revealed how internet communities could serve as force multipliers for justice.

448

The collective intelligence of Reddit and WebSleuth users provided research capacity that no individual detective could match.

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Because when hundreds of people could simultaneously research different aspects of the case, cold cases that had been dead for decades suddenly became solvable.

450

So Christina's approach became a model for responsible amateur investigation.

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Because she'd been meticulous in research, respectful, and careful to verify information before sharing publicly.

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And her success inspired other amateur investigators to tackle similar cases,

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always understanding that responsible sleuthing required the same attention to evidence and accuracy that professional investigators demanded.

454

And law enforcement agencies began recognizing the value of work of amateur investigators rather than dismissing them as interfering busybodies.

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And Linda's case showed that citizen involvement,

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when properly channeled, could provide additional investigative capacity that cash strapped police departments desperately needed.

457

Because cold case units overwhelmed by decades of unsolved mysteries suddenly had access to volunteer researchers.

458

And for Christina herself, Linda's case resolution was both ending and the beginning.

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And when asked about her role in solving the 44 year old mystery, Christina remained characteristically modest and said,

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I was perfectly fine just bringing the case interest back to the case.

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And she'd never sought fame or recognition, only knowledge that a forgotten murder victim had finally received deserved attention.

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And what began as a haunting line, unknown white female bones, had become Linda Marie Pagano.

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Not just a name, but a life restored to memory.

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A 17 -year -old girl with blonde hair and blue eyes who loved music and worked at A &W, who saved money for a gold Mustang whose friends called her Midge,

465

which was questionable, and who spent her final night singing along to Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, feeling on top of the world.

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So the faceless victim had become someone's daughter, someone's sister, someone who mattered.

467

And Christina and Carl Kopelman and all the other researchers accomplished something remarkable.

468

And somewhere today or tonight, other families are still searching.

469

And other victims wait in unmarked graves for someone who won't give up.

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And someone who believes every person deserves to be remembered by name

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and every person deserves to come home and

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that is it for today's case i think it is incredible what christina

473

and carl were able to to accomplish along with everyone else involved i think it's

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so wonderful that linda was able to be put to rest

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and her family was able to breathe a sigh of relief

476

even though they weren't able to get the justice they deserved but i just think Like it's pretty amazing.

477

And obviously, you know, there's a responsible way to go about it.

478

I'm not saying go solve cold cases, do it.

479

But I think it's important to talk about cold cases and the potential to solve them.

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Yeah, let me know what other cold cases you want me to go over, ones that haven't been solved yet.

481

I think that's really important.

482

And until next time, I will see you beautiful face.

483

All right, bye.

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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson

This B2 speaking lesson is built on the video “The IMPOSSIBLE Cold Case That Was Solved By Redditors”. The speaker keeps coming back to these words: christina, linda, missing. This video has 483 sentences and 6533 words to shadow. The speech runs for 42:03. The speaker talks at a natural 155 words per minute, close to everyday conversation. Only 77% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English, so the vocabulary is demanding.

Key vocabulary in this video

The 15 most advanced words in the video, with pronunciation and meaning:

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
investigator noun	/ɪnˈvɛs.tɪˌɡeɪ̯.təː/	One who investigates.
forensic adjective	/fəˈɹɛn.zɪk/	Relating to the use of science and technology in the investigation and establishment of facts or evidence in a court of law.
reconstruction noun	/ˌɹiːkənˈstɹʌkʃən/	The action of reconstructing something, not necessarily to the earlier state.
cemetery noun	/ˈsɛm.ɪˌtɛɹ.i/	A place where the dead are buried; a graveyard or memorial park.
facial adjective	/ˈfeɪ.ʃəl/	Of or affecting the face.
genealogy noun	/ˌd͡ʒiniˈɑlədʒi/	The descent of a person, family, or group from an ancestor or ancestors; lineage or pedigree.
unidentified adjective	/ˌʌnaɪˈdɛntɪfaɪd/	Not identified; having an unknown or unnamed identity.
bury verb	/ˈbɛɹi/	To outlive.
unmarked adjective		Not bearing identification.
haunt verb	/hɔnt/	To inhabit or to visit frequently (most often used in reference to ghosts).
dental adjective	/ˈdɛn.təl/	Of or concerning the teeth.
identification noun	/aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/	The act of identifying (i.e., which one, which thing).
jurisdictional adjective		Of or pertaining to jurisdiction.
mitochondrial adjective	/ˌmaɪ.təˈkɑːn.dɹi.əl/	Of, or relating to mitochondria.
persistence noun	/pəˈsɪst(ə)ns/	The property of being persistent.

Phrasal verbs you will hear

Word	Meaning
fall through verb	To be unsuccessful, come to nothing; to be cancelled; not to proceed.
end up verb	To bring to a conclusion.
add up verb	To take the sum of; to total.
come across verb	To change sides; to cross over to work for the opposition.
come along verb	To accompany.
come back verb	To return to a place.
come forward verb	To offer help or information, especially about a crime.
drop off verb	To fall asleep.

Grammar in this video

The structures the speaker uses most, with the exact words from the video:

Structure	In the video
Conditional sentences if + clause, will/would + verb — a condition and its result	if he didn't try, no one else would
Passive voice be + past participle — the focus is on what happens, not who does it	had been murdered · been drawn · were discovered
Relative clauses who / which + clause — extra information about a person or thing	people who knew · man who discovered · someone who could
Present perfect have/has + past participle — a past action that still matters now	have spent · has felt · have never been entered

Pronunciation to watch

The speaker uses 56 contractions and reduced forms, such as wasn't, didn't, couldn't. Say them the short way, as you hear them.

The “th” sounds: sleuth /sluːθ/, breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/, tooth /tuθ/
The “sh” and “zh” sounds: reconstruction /ˌɹiːkənˈstɹʌkʃən/, facial /ˈfeɪ.ʃəl/, identification /aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, limitation /lɪmɪˈteɪʃən/, institutional /ˌɪn.stɪˈtju.ʃə.nəl/
Long words — get the stress right: investigator /ɪnˈvɛs.tɪˌɡeɪ̯.təː/, reconstruction /ˌɹiːkənˈstɹʌkʃən/, cemetery /ˈsɛm.ɪˌtɛɹ.i/, genealogy /ˌd͡ʒiniˈɑlədʒi/, unidentified /ˌʌnaɪˈdɛntɪfaɪd/

How to practise with this video

Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
Start at 0.75× speed, shadow it sentence by sentence, then go back to normal speed once it feels easy.
Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like investigator, forensic, reconstruction.

What is the Shadowing Technique?

Shadowing is a science-backed language learning technique originally developed for professional interpreter training and popularized by polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. The method is simple but powerful: you listen to native English audio and immediately repeat it out loud — like a shadow following the speaker with just a 1–2 second delay. Unlike passive listening or grammar drills, shadowing forces your brain and mouth muscles to simultaneously process and reproduce real speech patterns. Research shows it significantly improves pronunciation accuracy, intonation, rhythm, connected speech, listening comprehension, and speaking fluency — making it one of the most effective methods for IELTS Speaking preparation and real-world English communication.

Shadowing technique: read the full step-by-step guide →

Shadowing Practice: The IMPOSSIBLE Cold Case That Was Solved By Redditors - Learn English Speaking with Video

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