Prática de Shadowing: How much progress have we made on climate change? - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
Escolha um modo de prática
Cada modo abre uma sala de prática em tela cheia.
327 frases
Se as frases estiverem muito curtas ou longas, clique em Edit para ajustá-las.
1
Planet Earth is amazing.
2
510 million square kilometers under a blue sky.
3
Granted, most of that is salt water,
4
but the planet also hosts lush rainforests,
5
scorching deserts, grasslands, tundra, mountains,
6
and plains, inhabited by a rich diversity of life.
7
It is in fact the only place in the known universe capable of supporting life as we know it.
8
But for the past three centuries,
9
that blue sky has become increasingly choked with pollution.
10
The level of invisible carbon dioxide gas has increased by more than 50% since the start of the Industrial Revolution.
11
As carbon dioxide is very good at trapping heat,
12
this has raised the average temperature of the planet by more than one degree Celsius.
13
At the start of the 21st century,
14
it was predicted that continuing carbon emissions would warm the planet by about 4 degrees by the year 2100.
15
This would be catastrophic.
16
Food networks would collapse.
17
Extreme weather events like heat waves would become devastating.
18
Life on Earth would enter into unprecedented territory.
19
But preventing this future seemed impossible.
20
Almost every human activity produced carbon dioxide,
21
mostly because our energy was overwhelmingly supplied by burning fossil fuels to generate electricity,
22
produce heat and move ourselves around.
23
But the Earth as we knew it was at stake,
24
so people all around the world got to work.
25
This video is about what they did and what a difference they've made.
26
The single largest source of carbon emissions is the production of electricity and heat,
27
representing almost one-third of all emissions.
28
Because burning fossil fuels, especially coal and gas,
29
have historically dominated power generation.
30
But they're no longer the only options.
31
Renewable sources like solar panels and wind turbines emit far less carbon per unit of power generated over their lifetimes.
32
And globally, over 4,000 GW of renewables capacity has been built,
33
almost all since the year 2000.
34
but 30% of all electricity now comes from renewable sources.
35
But that's the global average.
36
In Uruguay, around 90% of electricity comes from renewables,
37
largely wind, but also hydropower.
38
And last year, the country went for 10 straight months on a 100% clean grid.
39
South Australia may also hit a 100% clean grid as soon as 2027,
40
thanks to wind and solar.
41
And other places are not far behind.
42
The North Sea might be the best place in the world for offshore wind,
43
and the current rollout of wind power here enables the UK
44
and Denmark to aim for a clean grid by 2030 and the Netherlands by 2035.
45
India aims to power 10 million households with rooftop solar,
46
adding 500 gigawatts of capacity by 2030.
47
But we can't discuss the rollout of renewables and not mention where most of them are being installed.
48
China.
49
China is building approximately twice as much new wind and solar as the rest of the world combined.
50
It's still the world's largest emitter of carbon dioxide,
51
though that's because of its huge population.
52
The average person in China has a carbon footprint only two-thirds the size of the average Americans.
53
And its emissions have been rising sharply,
54
but not for much longer.
55
The huge surge of solar and wind construction in 2024 kept overall Chinese emissions lower
56
than in 2023 for 10 months of the year,
57
and every year the amount of renewables added to the grid increases.
58
This emissions reduction almost certainly isn't a one-off, but a systematic change.
59
Many analysts predict that China's emissions due to coal,
60
its other major source of electricity,
61
will start to fall this year.
62
And a new phase of low-carbon to run,
63
nuclear power is being built in China and around the world,
64
with over 70 gigawatts currently,
65
slowly, under construction, and generation hitting an all-time high this year.
66
China's new electricity system will see its overall emissions,
67
a huge fraction of global emissions,
68
peak in the next few years.
69
It may feel like we have made no progress in the fight against climate change,
70
but the power sector shows that is not the case.
71
In fact, carbon emissions due to generating electricity likely already peaked two years ago,
72
and will fall even under high forecasts for growth in demand,
73
such as for AI.
74
We're just building that many renewables,
75
and investing that much in grids and storage to overcome the intermittency of renewables.
76
In Chile, the Oasis de Atacama project is being built a 14.5 gigawatt-hour battery,
77
enough to power peak demand in the country on its own.
78
But peaking electricity emissions is not the same as overall emissions peaking,
79
because because not everything runs on electricity.
80
The next two largest sources of emissions are heating and transport.
81
Around the world, most people heat themselves and water by burning a fuel,
82
often natural gas, in a boiler,
83
and move themselves around by burning an oil-based product,
84
like petrol, in an engine.
85
This has long been the case,
86
but in some parts of the world,
87
alternative approaches are now more popular.
88
And where they are more popular tells us something about the near future.
89
Let's look at China and Norway.
90
In Norway, most households are not heated by a boiler,
91
but by a heat pump,
92
a fridge running in reverse, basically, powered by electricity.
93
And last year, 9 out of 10 new vehicles bought in Norway were EVs,
94
with the country set to phase out the sale of non-electric vehicles soon,
95
maybe even this year.
96
Meanwhile, in China, most cars now sold are electric or hybrid.
97
Uptake has just exploded in recent years.
98
That's partly because China dominates the manufacture of EVs,
99
but also because of what it has in common with Norway.
100
Cheap electricity.
101
In Norway, it comes from hydropower.
102
In China, from solar and wind.
103
Where electricity is cheap, it just makes financial sense to electrify heating and transport.
104
In fact, while on average around the world a little over 20% of all energy is used as electricity,
105
in Norway it's 47%, in Guangdong province it's 49%,
106
and in Zhejiang province it's 51%.
107
As renewables, particularly solar, roll out across the world,
108
the price of electricity will fall,
109
making electrified systems, such as in transport and heating,
110
but also industrial processes, much more appealing.
111
As well as being more efficient,
112
those systems are then tied to the carbon emissions of the electric grid,
113
which, being based on renewables,
114
will be low, much lower than running them on fossil fuels.
115
These sectors will see their emissions start to tumble in coming years as electrification percentages rise.
116
Of course, decarbonising transport is much more complicated than just replace cars with electric cars.
117
You can watch my whole video about that.
118
And this process can be accelerated with appropriate government policies.
119
This has happened in China and Norway, but now elsewhere too.
120
In East Africa, Ethiopia banned the import of internal combustion engine vehicles in 2024,
121
encouraging the development of EV infrastructure.
122
While in Kenya and Rwanda,
123
policies are buildings charging stations and shifting both public transport and two-wheel mobility,
124
like scooters, to electric vehicles.
125
Both to reduce emissions, but also improve the poor air quality in cities.
126
A win-win.
127
The world has made huge progress,
128
reducing emissions from power generation and to a lesser extent heating and transport.
129
At the start of the century,
130
scientists predicted four degrees of warming, maybe more, by 2100.
131
Now, based on current actions by our governments,
132
we will most likely see between 2.2 and 3.4,
133
with the best guess being 2.7, degrees of warming.
134
Global emissions may have already peaked,
135
and if not, will do so soon.
136
Emissions in advanced economies are already back to their levels from 50 years ago.
137
That's huge, but obviously still not enough.
138
At 2.7 degrees, we will still see enormous negative impacts on wildlife,
139
agriculture and public health.
140
Every tenth of a degree of warming extra makes the world a more unstable, dangerous place.
141
But that 2.7 degrees is based on real-world government policies,
142
what we're actually doing now.
143
It doesn't account for increasing our ambitions or recent innovations becoming practical at scale.
144
If governments announced 2030 targets are reached,
145
along with any legally binding longer-term targets,
146
we're likely looking at 2.1 degrees by the year 2100.
147
Yes, that's still too high,
148
but every tenth of a degree makes a difference.
149
And there are many areas where we've only just started to see real alternatives to the status quo,
150
practical ways to reduce emissions in the coming decades.
151
We haven't, for example, talked about iron and steel.
152
Long labelled as hard to decarbonise because of the huge energy required to melt iron,
153
supplied by burning coal, but industry represents around 7% of all emissions.
154
But in recent years, alternatives to coal have become economical and supported by government policy,
155
such as using green hydrogen and using electric furnaces,
156
which can of course be powered by clean sources, producing green steel.
157
Globally, 43% of planned new steel furnaces are electric,
158
and China, which produces half the world's steel,
159
now only approves new electric furnaces that process scrap metal.
160
Cement is another industry with a large carbon footprint,
161
only slightly less than steel,
162
due to its energy-intense production,
163
but also the fundamental chemical reaction that produces cement, releasing CO2.
164
Some are pushing the industry to change the recipe for cement,
165
but as it's the second most traded commodity in the world,
166
only second to water, that's a tall order.
167
So the industry will likely need to rely on carbon capture units being retrofitted to existing cement plants.
168
And these already exist.
169
They are currently being slowly implemented.
170
I actually made a video visiting one of them.
171
With the right policy support,
172
both steel and cement have potential to slash their emissions,
173
over 10% of global emissions, in the coming decades.
174
We've also not yet mentioned work on the other side of the carbon equation.
175
By protecting natural carbon sinks,
176
like forests, we not only suck more CO2 out of the air,
177
but also reduce emissions of carbon through deforestation,
178
and of course, protect biodiversity.
179
And since the year 2000,
180
carbon emissions due to land use change,
181
about half of which is due to deforestation, have reduced by 30%.
182
In the Amazon, deforestation has halved in the past two years.
183
All around the world, small local projects seek to restore lost tree cover,
184
plant new mangroves, and protect land from development.
185
There are also enormous projects like one billion trees in New Zealand and the Great Green Wall of Africa,
186
though these have many problems of their own.
187
Deforestation is still occurring at far too fast a rate,
188
but slowing it in the tropics has been a quiet small victory for the past few decades that looks set to continue,
189
and in temperate regions we've actually been net gaining forest cover since the year 2000.
190
Clearly, it can be done.
191
Working with, rather than against,
192
natural systems will play a key role in our trajectory this century.
193
But you may have noticed something about this video,
194
an area of the world where no large projects have been mentioned.
195
What about America?
196
Here emissions have decreased by 20% since the year 2000.
197
But earlier this year, the US elected Donald Trump back into the White House,
198
who made it clear that climate change was not a priority,
199
that environmental protections will be rolled back,
200
and that the country will leave the Paris Agreement again.
201
This is obviously going to have negative impacts on emissions both in America and around the world.
202
Confidence in climate progress has been shaken.
203
Many seem to believe that his re-election has killed the clean energy transition,
204
slamming the door on our future.
205
This is not true.
206
For one thing, America represents around one-eighth of global carbon emissions.
207
That means that while American emissions may plateau for the next few years,
208
I personally think a big increase is unlikely,
209
they represent a small minority.
210
And as we have seen,
211
other large emitters like China and Europe are making ambitious plays to reduce their emissions.
212
But more importantly, do you know where else is investing huge amounts into renewables that we haven't mentioned yet either?
213
The Middle East.
214
In fact, the Middle East is the fastest growing renewables market outside of China.
215
Companies like Oman, the UAE,
216
Qatar and Saudi Arabia are developing huge solar projects.
217
Just last month, the UAE announced the world's largest round-the-clock solar and battery facility,
218
even larger than the Oasis to Atacama,
219
coming online in the next two years.
220
These countries are built on oil and gas,
221
and they're now ploughing money into renewables because they recognise it as the future.
222
Globally, twice as much was invested last year in clean energy technologies and grid upgrades as was invested in fossil fuels.
223
The fact is, the energy transition isn't happening because it's the environmentally right thing to do,
224
it now just makes economic sense.
225
Solar and to a lesser extent wind are now so cheap that they are preferable to burning fossil fuels in many cases,
226
making electric systems cost competitive.
227
It's for this reason that heat pumps will continue to outsell gas boilers in the US,
228
Individual states will continue rolling out renewable power generation and investing in geothermal power.
229
The US has the real potential to lead the world here,
230
and after all, it does involve drilling, baby.
231
Drilling.
232
One person, even if they are the most powerful person in the world,
233
is not going to derail the transition to clean energy,
234
and by extension, massively reduced carbon emissions.
235
That transition is now inevitable and happening at pace around the world.
236
The question is, just how quickly will it happen?
237
Will it be fast enough?
238
Will we get to net zero fast enough?
239
We've already brought expected warming down from 4 to 2.7 degrees.
240
If we follow through on our medium-term targets,
241
we can get that down to 2.1.
242
If we are ambitious and push for net zero and utilise all the strategies in this video and more besides,
243
we can still limit warming to less than 2 degrees.
244
We have lived through a period of ever-increasing climate impacts,
245
but also ever-increasing ambition on climate.
246
We need this to continue.
247
Every tenth of a degree saved matters.
248
But as the re-election of Trump shows,
249
we cannot take it for granted that progress will continue to accelerate.
250
I don't want you to come away from this video thinking we have done enough on climate change
251
or we are moving fast enough,
252
because sadly that is still not the case.
253
The great adventure of securing our future is in jeopardy
254
if we do not keep climate as a core concern in who we vote to lead us,
255
who we choose to work for,
256
and how we spend our money.
257
But most importantly, it's not an adventure we need to start.
258
It's an adventure that has already made great strides.
259
An adventure we need to continue and see through to its final destination.
260
Maybe you can be a part of this great story keeping our Earth amazing.
261
I built this 1 to 100 million scale Earth from scratch over the course of two weeks and also filmed the process.
262
So if you would like to see an extra video of me talking through how I made this,
263
You can watch that right now if you have a Nebula subscription.
264
I post all my videos on Nebula a day before releasing them on YouTube,
265
as well as exclusive content like this model-making video,
266
but also me playing Daybreak with a team of climate scientists,
267
and a whole documentary about making my new YouTube studio.
268
All of these videos can be watched ad-free,
269
downloaded to your device to play offline,
270
and each view of a video on Nebula supports me as a creator more than each view on YouTube
271
because of how Nebula works.
272
It's a collective of hundreds of video creators who co-own the platform,
273
and who share the revenue subscriptions users pay based on the watch time their channels get.
274
Nebula also finances big new projects with creators,
275
like Boomers by Tom Nicholas and Modern Conflicts by Real Life Law.
276
Obviously I'm biased because I'm a co-owner,
277
but increasingly on my lunch breaks I've just been watching Nebula instead of YouTube because it's just a better viewing experience.
278
There's no ads, the design of the site is actually good,
279
and I don't have to hunt for a creator to watch
280
because the entire feed is creators who are making interesting, thoughtful stuff.
281
If you would like to get a Nebula subscription,
282
then you can pay monthly,
283
annually, or once for lifetime access.
284
If you choose to pay annually,
285
then you can use my link,
286
go.nebula.tv slash simonclark, and you'll get a 40% discount,
287
which works out to $3 a month.
288
That'll be linked down there in the description, by the way.
289
Three dollars a month I think is incredible value.
290
So that link again is go.nebula.tv slash Simon Clark,
291
so get access to heaps of exclusive content including my making of video attached to this video.
292
Thank you for watching,
293
and a massive thank you to JD who 3D printed most of the icons that you saw me place around the globe.
294
You may have heard of JD's band,
295
they're called The Longest Johns.
296
Her sisters died from Perk and mine,
297
but she'll run for decades more.
298
She'll run for decades more.
299
And also thank you to Nick from The Progress Playbook for chatting to me
300
and suggesting some of the projects featured in this video.
301
Do check out The Progress Playbook,
302
which is linked in the references down below,
303
for regular good news stories about the energy transition.
304
I also could not have made this video without the support of my patrons.
305
People who support me on patreon.com forward slash Simon Oxfiz get early access to my videos,
306
exclusive content every month, notably a vlog that goes behind the scenes.
307
This month's vlog is going to be all about basically how this project came to be,
308
a little bit about how I sourced the materials and how I wrote this video.
309
So if you'd like to watch that,
310
and if you would like to vote on a video topic a month,
311
you can do at the producer tier and above,
312
then you know where to sign up.
313
It's down there in the description,
314
patreon.com forward slash Simon Oxfiz.
315
And this just in, this body of water will now be known as the Gulf of Zak Subin.
316
Wait, no, sorry, it's been changed.
317
The Gulf of Ali Pasha Sadri.
318
No, wait, I'm just hearing.
319
It's actually the Gulf of Dan Hanvey.
320
Thank you so much for supporting my work.
321
If you like this video,
322
then please consider checking out a previous video I made in
323
a similar style looking at how we can turn cities into carbon sinks.
324
If you like this video then please do the YouTube pleasantries,
325
drop it a like, share it with somebody who you think would also enjoy it
326
and that just leaves me to say thank you once again for watching.
327
I'll see you in the next one.
Baixar aplicativo
Tudo o que você precisa para falar fluentemente
Pronúncia com IANota em cada frase
Prática de IPADomine cada som
VocabulárioMonte seu banco de palavras
Jogo de vocabulárioAprenda brincando
FOR YOU
Vídeo recomendado
B216
37 frases
Climate Change: How does it really work? | ClimateScience #1
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B23
13 frases
Dig Deep, Power a City
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B28
124 frases
IELTS Speaking Part 3 – Environmental Laws and Public Policy
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C18
465 frases
Can trees save the planet? | DW Documentary
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B26
46 frases
The Story of Plastic (Animated Short)
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
98 frases
Climate Change Debate | Natalie Bennett | Opposition (8/8)
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
74 frases
ENGLISH SPEECH | ELON MUSK: The Power of Solar Energy (English Subtitles)
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepBusiness English
![Climate Change - A Short Film [4K]](https://img.youtube.com/vi/jAa58N4Jlos/mqdefault.jpg)
B23
33 frases
Climate Change - A Short Film [4K]
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C16
92 frases
Unit 16 | The energy crisis | Vocabulary for IELTS | All English 4U
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C128
62 frases
The use of soil to reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-4
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
23 frases
Coal, Oil & Gas Hyrdocarbons | Organic Chemistry | Chemistry | FuseSchool
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
55 frases
Climate Change and Global Warming: Explained in Simple Words for Beginners
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Contexto e Antecedentes
O vídeo "Quanto progresso fizemos sobre as mudanças climáticas?" discute a surpreendente beleza da Terra e a preocupação crescente com a poluição e suas consequências drásticas. Ao longo dos últimos três séculos, a quantidade de gases de carbono na atmosfera aumentou significativamente, resultando em um aumento na temperatura média do planeta. O impacto das emissões de carbono na produção de eletricidade e calor é um tema central, assim como a ascensão de fontes de energia renováveis como soluções potenciais. Este é um tema relevante e contemporâneo que apresenta uma vasta gama de vocabulário e conceitos que são úteis para melhorar a pronúncia em inglês e a compreensão auditiva.
Top 5 Frases para Comunicação Diária
- “A Terra é incrível.”
- “O nível de gás carbônico aumentou mais de 50%.”
- “Atingir uma grade elétrica 100% limpa é possível.”
- “Fontes renováveis são menos poluentes.”
- “Precisamos mudar nossos hábitos para salvar o planeta.”
Guia Passo a Passo de Shadowing
Para usar a técnica de shadowspeak e aprimorar sua habilidade de shadowing em inglês com este vídeo, siga estas etapas:
- Assista ao vídeo uma vez inteiro para ter uma compreensão geral do que está sendo discutido, sem se preocupar em entender cada palavra.
- Divida o vídeo em segmentos curtos, começando com frases ou idéias chave. O foco inicial deve ser na sua pronúncia e entonação.
- Reproduza cada segmento e tente falar junto com o narrador. Preste atenção na fluidez e na forma como as palavras são conectadas.
- Repita as frases em voz alta, ajustando sua articulação e ritmo conforme necessário, para melhorar a sua pronúncia em inglês.
- Grave suas tentativas e compare com o vídeo. Isso ajudará a identificar áreas que precisam de mais atenção e prática.
A prática com a técnica shadowspeaks é uma maneira efetiva de se familiarizar com a linguagem e os sotaques do inglês. Cada novo vídeo traz oportunidades diferentes de aprendizado, e a combinação de ouvindo e falando é crucial para o desenvolvimento das suas habilidades linguísticas.
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — uma ação que começou antes e continua | have been rising · I've just been watching |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | has become · has increased · has raised |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | was predicted · was overwhelmingly supplied · has been built |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | People who support · somebody who you |
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.