Prática de Shadowing: TEST 30 PART 3 - LUYỆN TẬP VÀ THỰC HÀNH LISTENING - TỰ HỌC VSTEP - Aprenda a falar inglês com o YouTube

Now turn to part 3.

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Now turn to part 3.

You will hear 3 different talks or lectures.

In each talk or lecture, there are 5 questions.

For each question, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D.

You will hear the talks or lectures only once.

Now, open your question paper and look at Talk or Lecture 1.

You now have 30 seconds to look through the questions and the options in each question.

Now, we are ready to start.

Listen carefully.

Listen to a talk to university students.

This lecture series is intended to help students at this university benefit more from their studies here.

The topic of tonight's talk is how to manage your time.

Time is a very important commodity when you are a university student.

There simply never seems to be enough of it to go around.

You will need to attend classes,

study, complete homework assignments, work on research,

eat, sleep, perhaps hold down a part-time job,

and maybe actually find time to relax for a moment or two.

So, a very important skill for you to learn is to manage your time.

If you manage your time wisely,

I think that you'll find there is enough of it to go around.

One valuable tool in time management is to monitor how you spend your time for a week.

Then, after you spend this week monitoring your time,

you can evaluate what you have done with your time and learn to make the best use of it.

During this week of personal time monitoring,

you should divide each 24-hour day into 15-minute blocks,

so each day has 96 blocks of time.

Then write down how you spend each 15-minute period.

I know that it is bothersome to write all of this information down for a week,

but the benefits of such a study can be great.

At the end of a week,

you will see just how much time you have spent productively and how much time you have not.

The specific assignment that I have for each one of you

is to spend the next week conducting your personal time monitoring study.

At the end of this week,

you should make an appointment with me to discuss your results.

Now, open your question paper and look at Talk or Lecture 2.

You'll have 30 seconds to look through the questions and the options in each question.

Now, we are ready to start.

Listen carefully.

You will hear a tutor talking to two business students called Philip and Janice about their research on managing individuals.

Now, I guess the two main things to remember here are to identify individual talent and then to utilise it.

So Janice, you were looking at identifying different talents in workers.

Do you think this is easy for managers to do?

Well, currently teamwork is in fashion in the workplace,

and in my opinion the importance of the individual is generally neglected.

What managers should be targeting is those employees who can take the lead in a situation

and are not afraid to accept the idea of responsibility.

That's true, Janice, but unfortunately many managers think the entire notion of encouraging individuality amongst their staff is far too hard.

Yes, that may be true,

but I think one of the most important tasks of managers is to consider the needs of the individual on one hand,

and group cooperation and conformity on the other.

It requires creative thinking on the part of management to avoid tension.

So, Janice, what kind of people do you think companies should be looking for?

Well, it has to start from the very beginning,

when companies are looking for new employees.

When the personnel department is choosing between applicants,

they need to look for someone who's broken the mould and can think for themselves.

Instead, people making these decisions often use a range of psychological tests to see

if a person is a problem solver or will do as they're told.

I'm not convinced these qualities are actually the most important.

So do you think being a good team player is overrated?

No, it's not overrated.

You do need to learn the rules and learn them fast.

No individual can get around this if you're working in an organisation.

So how should managers deal with this?

Rewards.

When an individual demonstrates the behaviour the organisation expects,

some kind of incentive can be given.

What's important here is that this happens right at the beginning,

so new recruits learn the rules of the system immediately.

Also, the incentive should be something the individual actually wants,

and this isn't always just money.

Come back to you, Philip.

You were saying that recognition of good performers is essential.

What else should managers be looking for?

Well, managing people means you not only have an understanding of your employees,

but you also recognise the culture of the organisation.

In fact, for some organisations,

creativity and individuality may be the last thing they want to see during working hours.

Very true.

Yes, but managing people isn't as easy as it looks.

For example, change in the workplace can be quite tricky,

especially if there's a need to increase profit.

And at times like these,

managers may have to give priority to profit rather than individual staff needs.

Yes, and that creates difficult situations for people.

Yes, but what's important is that managers are able to deal with quite high levels of personal stress.

During times of change, they should be thinking not only about the strain on their staff,

but take time out to think of themselves.

Absolutely.

So what are the implications of that?

Now, open your question paper and look at talk or lecture three.

You now have 30 seconds to look to the questions and the options in each question.

Now, we are ready to start.

Listen carefully.

You will hear a talk about a project on the wildlife found in City Gardens in Britain.

Good morning.

100

Today I'd like to present the findings of our Year 2 project on wildlife found in gardens throughout our city.

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I'll start by saying something about the background to the project,

102

then talk a little bit about our research techniques,

103

and then indicate some of our interim findings.

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First of all, how did we choose our topic?

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Well, there are four of us in the group,

106

and one day while we were discussing a possible focus,

107

two of the group mentioned that they had seen yet more sparrowhawks,

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one of Britain's most interesting birds of prey,

109

in their own city center gardens,

110

and wondered why they were turning up in these gardens in great numbers.

111

We were all very engaged by the idea of why wild animals would choose to inhabit a city garden.

112

Why is it so popular with wildlife when the countryside itself is becoming less so.

113

The first thing we did was to establish what proportion of the urban land is taken up by private gardens.

114

We estimated that it was about one-fifth,

115

and this was endorsed by looking at large-scale usage maps in the town land survey office,

116

24% to be precise.

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Our own informal discussions with neighbors and friends led us to believe

118

that many garden owners had interesting experiences to relate regarding wild animal sightings,

119

so we decided to survey garden owners from different areas of the city.

120

Just over 100 of them completed a survey once every two weeks for 12 months,

121

ticking off species they had seen from a proforma list,

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and adding the names of any rarer ones.

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Meanwhile, we were doing our own observations in selected gardens throughout the city.

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We deliberately chose smaller ones because they were by far the most typical in the city.

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The whole point of the project was to look at the norm, not the exception.

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Alongside this primary research on urban gardens,

127

we were studying a lot of books about the decline of wild animals in the countryside

128

and thinking of possible causes for this.

129

So what did we find?

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Well, so much that I just won't have time to tell you about here.

131

If you're interested in reading our more comprehensive findings,

132

we've produced detailed graphic representations on the college website,

133

and of course any of the group would be happy to talk to you about them.

134

Just email us.

135

This is the end of part three.

136

You'll have five minutes to check your answer and transfer your answers onto the answer sheet.

137

Thank you.

138

you

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