Практика Shadowing: BBE English Podcast 48 - Chủ động luyện nghe Tiếng Anh có phụ đề | I'm Mary - Изучайте разговорный английский с YouTube
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Track 1 Hi, Mina.
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Track 1 Hi, Mina.
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Shall we have a look at the material for our presentation on marriage customs?
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Yeah, sure.
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I've got a lot of information about India.
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How about you?
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Yes, yes.
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I've got material about marriage in the Emirates.
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Shall we get going?
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What about meeting?
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How do people in India meet in the first place?
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Hmm, in traditional Indian families,
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the parents used to arrange the marriage,
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and the couple used to meet for the first time when the boy visited the girl's house.
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But that's changed now.
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Yeah, we used to have arranged marriages in the Emirates too.
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Did the groom have to give anything to the bride's family?
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I mean, did they give them a gift or money?
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Well, in India, in the old days,
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the girl's family used to give the boy's family a gift,
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like money or jewellery.
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But it's not allowed anymore.
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Wow.
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In my country, the groom still has to pay all the expenses.
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Have there been any changes in marriage customs in India in recent years?
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Well, yes.
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I found an article about special websites for finding partners.
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It says that because so many young people from India study abroad these days,
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their families are using websites to find marriage partners for them.
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Oh, okay.
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And where does the couple live when they get married?
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That's another thing that's changing.
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In the past, the bride used to go to live with the family of the groom,
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but these days more and more young couples are setting up their own homes independently.
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What about the Emirates?
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Track 2 Good morning.
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Shall we start by looking at the topic of your project?
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So, what have you decided to research?
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Well, we thought we'd compare festivals in different countries and see if any of them are similar.
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Yeah, you know, like the carnival celebrations in South America and the water festival in Thailand.
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OK.
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What exactly are you planning to study?
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The origins of the festivals?
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The types of celebration?
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People's attitudes towards the festivals?
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We were planning to look at the origins of the festivals and the time of year they're celebrated.
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We're thinking of looking at the connection between the seasons in different countries and the actual festivals,
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and then looking for similarities between countries that are quite far apart.
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Well, that sounds interesting.
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Did you say you've already started researching into the carnival?
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Yes.
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We've already found a connection between the carnival and the seasons.
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For instance, some researchers say that a very long time ago in Europe,
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people used to put on colourful masks and costumes at the beginning of the year to celebrate the end of winter,
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and then they could get ready for spring.
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Track three.
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Right, and then what happened?
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Well, as the years went by,
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the purpose of the carnival changed,
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and it became a religious festival.
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These days there are big carnival celebrations in countries all across the world,
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like Brazil and India and Indonesia.
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But an interesting thing we discovered is that in some countries,
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people celebrate the carnival by throwing water at each other in the street.
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Well, we thought that obviously this is because carnivals celebrated at the hottest time of the year,
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just before the rainy season.
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So splashing people with water is a very good way of cooling them down.
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Track 4 Hmm, yes, that makes sense.
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Um, did you look into any other festivals?
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Yes, we did.
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What we're planning to do is more research into water festivals.
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We found that in Asian countries,
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where there aren't any carnival celebrations,
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there are still festivals that involve people splashing each other with water.
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Actually, we found references to them in Burma,
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Thailand, Vietnam, China and Japan.
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But we also found a reference to a water festival in Mexico.
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So we thought we'd look into that a bit more and see if we can find any similarities between these countries.
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I mean, we realise that water is more than just a way of cooling people down in hot weather.
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It also has a lot of different religious meanings and purposes.
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For instance, we found that in some societies,
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water can mean life or wealth or just luck.
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Yes, and another thing we found out is that these water festivals often celebrate the beginning of the new year,
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just like the original celebrations hundreds of years ago before the carnival.
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So, up to now, we found that the carnival
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and the seasons are linked by ancient traditions and that water plays an important part in the celebrations.
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Track 5 I'm going to start this lecture by describing the structure of an offshore oil rig.
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Well, to be accurate, we should call it an oil platform.
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If you look at the diagram,
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you can see the top part of the platform floating on the surface of the water.
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The tall tower in the centre of the platform is called a derrick.
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That's D-E-R-R-I-C-K.
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The derrick is where the drilling machinery and lifting equipment is installed.
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OK?
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Now, if you look about halfway down the diagram on the right,
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you can see a helicopter.
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It's parked on the helicopter pad.
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Helicopters are used mostly to transport employees to and from the platform when they have free time.
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Now, if you look underneath that,
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at the very bottom of the platform,
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you can see one of the four support towers.
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These support the rest of the platform.
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These metal structures are usually attached to the seabed by long cables.
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Right, now the last part of the platform I'm going to describe is on the other side,
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just above the level of the water.
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It's a crane.
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That's spelt C-R-A-N-E.
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Cranes are used everywhere in construction,
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but this one is specialist equipment for lifting heavy spare parts at sea.
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In fact, apart from the derrick,
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you can see three cranes in the diagram.
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Track 6.
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Some experts believe that if we knew how to control the power of the sea,
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we could generate enough electricity for the whole world.
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But, in this talk, I'm going to focus on the UK and our capacity for generating electricity from wave and tidal energy.
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I'm going to look at how many megawatts we generated before 2008 and how many we expect produce in 2014.
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So if you'd like to look at the chart you'll see
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that before 2008 our capacity was only one megawatt but in 2008
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when oil prices rose there was an increased interest in marine power and our capacity grew quite dramatically to four megawatts.
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Ah now you might have expected this figure to rise consistently over the years,
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but in fact it dropped again in 2009 to only 2 megawatts.
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This was because oil prices fell again,
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so there was less interest in developing alternative power sources.
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But nowadays the cost of oil production is going up again,
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and there's been a renewed interest in marine power.
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As a consequence, capacity has increased steadily since 2009,
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reaching 18 megawatts in 2012.
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This trend is expected to continue in the near future,
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reaching a total capacity of 50 megawatts in 2013 and 60 megawatts in 2014.
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Track 7 Good evening.
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My talk this evening will cover three main themes.
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First, I'll outline a timeline of how deep-sea exploration vessels developed.
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Secondly, I'll describe the most recent of these, the Deep Sea Challenger.
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And finally, I'll look at some of the benefits of this deep-sea research.
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The first manned deep-sea exploration vessel was invented in the 1920s.
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It was called a bathysphere,
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better known as a diving bell.
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It was basically a round metal structure with windows with just enough room for two men to sit in,
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and it was lowered into the ocean on a cable.
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The first descent in the diving bell took place in 1930,
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and in 1934 it went down to a depth of nearly a thousand metres,
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which was impressive for the time.
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The problem with the diving bell was
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that it had no power of its own and there wasn't much room for the researchers to move around.
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So the next development after the diving bell was the Baffy Scaife,
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a small manned submarine invented in the 1940s.
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The difference between the two was that the Bathyscafe had its own power source
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which allowed the scientists to investigate in the depths of the ocean more freely.
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A Bathyscafe called the Trieste reached a record depth of 10,000 metres in 1960.
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Since then, a new record has been set by James Cameron,
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who descended to a depth of 11,000 metres for the first time in 2012.
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Track 8 So let's move on now to look at the submarine that took James Cameron so far down into the ocean.
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If you look at the drawing of the Challenger,
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you can see the pilot's chamber at the very bottom of the submarine.
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It's a very small section where the pilot sits and controls the sub and all the equipment on it.
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Now let's have a look at how the submarine is powered.
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Going up from the pilot's chamber,
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in the middle of the sub,
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on the right-hand side of the drawing,
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you can see a whole section covered in batteries.
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They provide the power source
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that takes the sub all the way to the bottom of the ocean and back up to the surface again.
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Next to that, there's another important part of the sub.
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You probably realise that there's no light at the bottom of the ocean,
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so the sub needs to take its own.
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If you look at the back of the sub,
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in the middle, just next to the batteries,
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you can see the panel of lights.
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They provide the light for filming and taking samples from the seabed.
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And one more part of the sub,
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which is important for navigation and to stop it spinning out of control,
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is the large fin at the back.
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You can see it at the back of the sub,
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at the top of the drawing.
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Okay, to conclude my talk,
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I'm going to ask a couple of questions.
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First, what is the purpose of this deep-sea exploration?
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And second, is it worth the expense?
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I think one of the justifications for spending
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so much money on this kind of research is that it allows scientists to understand more about the surface of the Earth,
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For example, how it was formed and how it behaves.
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This could have important consequences for predicting earthquakes and saving lives through early warning systems.
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Another reason this type of research is considered valuable is that by exploring unknown parts of the ocean,
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we increase our knowledge of the availability of minerals for industry.
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And obviously, this could lead to huge commercial advantages.
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So, the answer is yes.
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In the long run, this kind of exploration can benefit both the ordinary population and industry.
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В этом уроке вы будете практиковать навыки аудирования и разговорной речи с помощью подкаста о традициях брака и праздниках в разных странах. Вы услышите о том, как изменились свадебные обычаи в Индии и Эмиратах, а также узнаете о сравнении фестивалей в разных культурах. Это поможет вам улучшить ваше понимание английского языка и расширить словарный запас.
Ключевая лексика и фразы
- arranged marriage - организованный брак
- groom - жених
- bride - невеста
- expenses - расходы
- partners - партнеры
- festival - праздник
- celebration - торжество
- origins - происхождение
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