Практика Shadowing: What lack of sleep does to the teenage brain - Wendy Troxel - Изучайте разговорный английский с YouTube

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It's six o'clock in the morning, pitch black outside.
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It's six o'clock in the morning, pitch black outside.
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My 14-year-old son is fast asleep in his bed.
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I flip on the light and physically shake the poor boy awake.
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Because I know that, like ripping off a band-aid,
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it's better to get it over with quickly.
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Sound brutal, but perhaps familiar.
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Every morning I ask myself, how can I?
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knowing what I know, be doing this to my own son.
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You see, I'm a sleep researcher.
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So I know that I'm depriving my son of the sleep he desperately needs as a rapidly growing teenager.
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I also know that by waking him up hours before his natural biological clock tells him he's ready,
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I'm literally robbing him of the type of sleep most associated with learning,
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memory consolidation, and emotional processing.
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But it's not just my kid that's being deprived of sleep.
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Sleep deprivation among American teenagers is an epidemic.
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Only about one in ten gets the eight to ten hours of sleep per night recommended by sleep scientists and pediatricians.
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The major factor preventing teens from getting the sleep they need is a matter of public policy.
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Across the country, many schools are starting around 7.30 a.m or earlier,
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despite the fact that major medical organizations recommend that middle and high schools start no earlier than 8.30 a.m.
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These early start policies have a direct effect on how little sleep American teenagers are getting.
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They're also pitting teenagers in a fundamentally unwinnable fight against their own bodies.
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Around the time of puberty,
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teenagers experience a delay in their biological clock,
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which determines when we feel most awake and when we feel most sleepy.
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This is driven in part by a shift in the release of the hormone melatonin.
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Teenagers' bodies wait to start releasing melatonin until around 11 p.m.,
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which is two hours later than what we see in adults or younger children.
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This means that waking a teenager up at 6 a.m is the biological equivalent of waking an adult up at 4 a.m.
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Now on the unfortunate days when I have to wake up at 4 a.m., I'm a zombie.
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Functionally useless.
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I can't think straight.
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I'm irritable.
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And I probably shouldn't be driving a car.
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But this is how many American teenagers feel every single school day.
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Many of the, shall we say,
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unpleasant characteristics that we chalk up to being a teenager,
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moodiness, irritability, laziness, depression, could be a product of chronic sleep deprivation.
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For many teens battling chronic sleep loss,
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their go-to strategy to compensate is consuming large quantities of caffeine in the form of bainty frappuccinos or energy drinks and shots.
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So essentially, we've got an entire population of tired but wired youth.
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Advocates of sleep-friendly start times know that adolescence is a period of dramatic brain development,
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particularly in the parts of the brain that are responsible for those higher-order thinking processes,
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including reasoning, problem-solving, and good judgment.
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In other words, the very type of brain activity that's responsible for reining in those impulsive
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and often risky behaviors that are so characteristic of adolescence.
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They know that like the rest of us,
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when teenagers don't get the sleep they need,
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their brains, their bodies and behavior suffer.
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They can't concentrate, their attention plummets,
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and many will even show behavioral signs that mimic ADHD.
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But the consequences of teen sleep loss go well beyond the classroom,
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sadly contributing to many of the mental health problems that skyrocket during adolescence.
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In our work with teens from LA Unified School District,
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we found that teens with sleep problems were 55% more likely to have used alcohol in the past month.
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In another study with over 30,000 high school students,
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they found that for each hour of lost sleep,
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there was a 38% increase in feeling sad or hopeless and a 58% increase in teen suicide attempts.
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And if that's not enough,
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teens who skimp out on sleep are at increased risk for a host of physical health problems that plague our country,
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including obesity, heart disease, and diabetes.
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Then there's the risk of putting a sleep-deprived teen behind the wheel.
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Studies have shown that getting five hours
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or less of sleep per night is the equivalent of driving with a blood alcohol content above the legal limit.
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Researchers in this area have produced tremendous science showing the benefits of later start times.
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The findings are unequivocal.
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Teens from districts with later start times get more sleep.
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They're more likely to show up for school.
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School absences dropped by 25% in one district,
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and they're less likely to drop out.
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Not surprisingly, they do better academically.
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Standardized test scores in math and reading go up by two to three percentage points.
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That's as powerful as reducing class sizes by one-third fewer students.
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Their mental and physical health improves and their families are happier.
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Even their communities are safer because car crash rates go down,
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a 70% reduction in one district.
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Now given these tremendous benefits,
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you might think, well this is a no-brainer, right?
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So why have we as a society failed to heed this call?
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Delaying start times presents many logistical challenges.
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Updating bus routes, increased transportation costs,
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impact on sports, care before or after school.
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But these are problems we have to work through.
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They are not valid excuses for failing to do the right thing for our children,
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which is to start middle and high schools no earlier than 8.30 a.m.
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Districts around the country, big and small,
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who have made this change,
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they've found that these fears are often unfounded and far outweighed by the tremendous benefits for our student health and performance,
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and our collective public safety.

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Об этом уроке

В этом уроке мы обсудим содержание видео "What lack of sleep does to the teenage brain", в котором Уэнди Троксл делится важной информацией о необходимости сна для подростков. Вы сможете улучшить свой разговорный английский, изучая лексику и грамматические структуры, связанные с темами здоровья, образования и повседневной жизни. Мы исследуем такие аспекты, как влияние нехватки сна на когнитивные функции, эмоциональное состояние и социальное поведение подростков. Это сделает вашу практику более актуальной и полезной для реальных ситуаций общения.

Ключевая лексика и фразы

  • Sleep deprivation — нехватка сна, состояние, при котором человек не получает достаточного количества сна, что негативно влияет на здоровье и поведение.
  • Biological clock — биологические часы, внутренний механизм, регулирующий циклы сна и бодрствования.
  • Caffeine — кофеин, стимулирующее вещество, часто употребляемое подростками для борьбы с усталостью.
  • Moodiness — капризность, частые изменения настроения, которые могут быть вызваны нехваткой сна.
  • Concentration — концентрация, способность сосредотачиваться на каком-либо задании или обучении.
  • Physical health problems — проблемы с физическим здоровьем, которые могут возникнуть из-за хронической нехватки сна.
  • Adequate sleep — достаточный сон, необходимое количество сна для поддержания здоровья и благополучия.
  • Academic performance — академическая успеваемость, уровень успехов учащегося в учебе.

Советы по практике для этого видео

Для эффективной практики разговорного английского с использованием техники Shadowing, следуйте этим рекомендациям:

  • Скорость речи: Уэнди говорит в умеренном темпе, что подходит для изучающих английский язык. Сначала прослушайте фрагмент в замедленном режиме, затем увеличивайте скорость до оригинальной.
  • Акцент: Обратите внимание на американский акцент, который Уэнди использует. Это поможет вам улучшить восприятие и произношение.
  • Сложность темы: Изучаемая тема довольно актуальна и интересна, что делает её самой подходящей для разговора о здоровье и повседневной жизни. Используйте лексику и фразы, которые вы выучите, чтобы обсудить здоровье со своими друзьями.

Эти советы помогут вам развить беглость английского и уверенность в разговорной практике, особенно в контексте IELTS Speaking и других экзаменов.

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

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