ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: 68k
กำลังสร้างบทเรียน...
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This video is sponsored by War Thunder!
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William Coughlin It was May 28, 1993, when 26-year-old William Coughlin, with a newfound passion for caving,
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decided to visit a cave in Kentucky with his friends James and Kevin.
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The cave was divided into two sections, the Historic Tour, which was accessible to most visitors, and the more dangerous Wild Tour, reserved for experienced and daring people.
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After completing the easier Historic Tour, the guide asked if they wanted to proceed with the more challenging Wild Tour.
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Once they agreed, they were required to sign a document, acknowledging the risks involved and absolving the operators of any responsibility.
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This should have been the first red flag, and Kevin decided to opt out, returning to the safer area.
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The remaining group, now consisting of William, James and four other participants, was led by the guide into the wild tour.
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He stressed the importance of staying close and reminded them of the potential dangers.
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As they descended into the lower sections of the cave, they encountered a 30-foot hanging cable ladder with wooden rungs.
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After climbing down and going a bit forward, there was a second, shorter ladder.
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At the bottom of the second ladder, the guide informed the group that the official tour had ended.
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He mentioned they could explore nearby passages if they wished, but noted that they were running behind schedule, and that he needed to step away briefly for a phone call.
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He left the group at the base of the ladder, and this is when William decided to explore a passage he had noticed earlier.
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He discussed it with James, who agreed, and William attempted to climb back up the second ladder.
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However, the climb proved difficult.
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He was 6 feet tall and weighed 220 pounds.
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Struggling to ascend, William decided to wait for the guide instead.
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As time passed and the guide didn't return, William attempted to climb the ladder again.
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Tragically, halfway up, he lost his grip and fell violently, striking his head on a protruding rock before landing hard on the ground.
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Blood began pooling from his head, and James rushed to help him.
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Although William remained conscious, he was delirious and visibly stunned.
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When the guide finally returned, he instructed the group to climb back out the way they came.
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However, William's condition made this impossible.
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James, frustrated, demanded the guide call a cave rescue team, but the guide dismissed the idea, insisting that the group work together to get William out.
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James began to suspect the guide was avoiding involving authorities, perhaps to prevent panic among other visitors.
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The group decided their best option was to bypass the second ladder entirely and take an alternative route through a narrow, previously mapped corridor not part of the official tour.
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With teamwork, they managed to navigate the initial section, carrying William with them.
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However, the real challenge came when they reached a rough, sharp, V-shaped passage, which made gripping difficult.
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When it was William's turn, he went in head first, but his size made it an extremely tight fit.
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Halfway through, he became stuck and realized he couldn't move forward or backward.
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Trapped in a horizontal position with his arms pinned beneath him, he began to panic.
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The tightness of the passage compressed his chest, making it difficult for him to breathe.
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The group's attempts to pull him out were futile.
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As panic set in, the guide instructed James to exit the cave and inform the owner of the situation.
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James rushed to the surface, but the owner appeared reluctant to involve authorities.
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The guide, finally recognizing the severity of the situation, went out to get a med kit and to call for emergency services.
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It took three hours for rescue and medical personnel to arrive.
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Meanwhile, James stayed by William's side, trying to keep him calm.
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But William's responses grew slower and more slurred until he eventually stopped responding altogether.
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When rescuers reached William, they faced immense challenges.
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The downward angle of the passage made it difficult to revive him.
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They brought in heaters to protect him from hypothermia and began evacuating the rest of the group, leaving only James behind to witness what was happening to his friend.
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A pulley system was installed to try to free William, but every tug caused him immense pain, so much so that he once again started groaning in agony.
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The rescue team worked tirelessly throughout Saturday, but after 17 hours of efforts, William was tragically pronounced dead.
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It took an additional seven hours to extract his body from the cave.
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Hermit Cave Incident It was April 5, 1999,
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when 21-year-old Robert Kennedy from Oklahoma set out on what was supposed to be a normal overnight camping trip near Hermit Cave.
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He was accompanied by two others, his stepbrother Richard and their mutual friend Ben.
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During the night, they gathered around a campfire and discussed the nearby cave, sharing legends and stories about its mysterious reputation.
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The next morning, as they were packing up to head home, their curiosity about the cave got the better of them.
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The cave was largely unmapped, adding an air of intrigue, so Robert proposed a quick exploration.
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Ben, however, had to leave early for work, so he headed back home, leaving Robert and Richard to decide for themselves.
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Robert and Richard entered the cave through its relatively large main entrance without much difficulty.
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Inside, Robert spotted one of the rumored side passages they had been talking about and decided to explore it.
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The narrow passage was too tight for more than one person, so Richard decided to wait outside the cave.
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Robert promised not to go too deep and assured Richard he'd be back soon.
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As Robert crawled forward, he encountered a section of the cave that was about 150 feet long and full of tight curves, making progress challenging.
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The real trouble began when he reached a particular point, called the Keyhole Formation.
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This section was especially dangerous because it was impossible to exit legs first once passed.
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Unaware of this, Robert continued forward.
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But when the passage narrowed even further, he decided it was time to turn back.
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Returning to the keyhole formation, Robert realized something terrible.
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He couldn't pass through it feet first.
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His only option was to move forward through the even tighter crevice, hoping the cave would widen enough beyond it for him to turn around.
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What he didn't know was that the crevice sloped downward at a 30 degree angle.
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Exhausted, Robert squeezed through the space, exhaling all the air from his lungs just to fit.
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After several pushes, he reached a horrifying realization.
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He was stuck, gravity was working against him, and every attempt to move only worsened his situation.
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Desperate, Robert began yelling for help, but Richard, waiting outside the cave, couldn't hear him.
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Worried after some time, Richard ventured into the cave by himself, though he had no flashlight because Robert had taken the only one.
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Crawling in complete darkness, Richard called out for Robert, who immediately yelled back, letting him know he was trapped and struggling to breathe.
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Realizing he couldn't reach his stepbrother in the pitch black, Richard left the cave to call for help, and about an hour later, a team of ten rescuers arrived and began assessing the situation.
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The primary problem was Robert's location.
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He was trapped in an extremely deep area, approximately 150 feet from the cave's main entrance.
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This meant that drilling a shaft from above wasn't an option, so the only way to reach him was through the inside of the cave.
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The rescuers themselves began experiencing breathing difficulties due to the tight space, so they installed a ventilation system to pump warm air into the passages.
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Only one rescuer could work at a time due to the cave's tightness, and armed with manual tools, they began trying to widen the keyhole formation.
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However, the lack of space severely limited their maneuverability, and time was running out.
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Robert's breathing became more difficult, and he eventually stopped cooperating, making faint gurgling sounds, a sign of potential suffocation.
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After hours of effort, the rescuers managed to excavate through the keyhole formation and reach Robert's feet.
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Though unconscious, they felt a faint pulse, which gave them enough hope to try to get him out as quickly as possible.
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They immediately tried to pull him free, but unfortunately, the attempt failed.
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A pulley system was considered, but the cave's limestone and gypsum walls were too fragile to support the tension.
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With no other options, they continued digging around his body, which took an additional hour.
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When they finally freed Robert, they rushed him outside, where paramedics were waiting.
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Tragically, it was too late.
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After five hours of relentless rescue operations, Robert Kennedy was pronounced dead.
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Black Cave Tragedy In April 1995, Thomas Edward Benning decided to visit Black Cave in Arizona.
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Having explored the cave before, he felt confident that this would be a relatively safe trip.
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He entered the cave alone, equipped only with an electric miner's lamp and no helmet.
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The first part of the cave was familiar to him, and he navigated it without any issues.
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However, at one point, he noticed a secret side passage that caught his attention.
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Drawn by curiosity, Thomas strayed from the main route he usually took and began exploring the darker, narrower passage.
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After venturing deeper into the unfamiliar passage for some time, Thomas decided it was time to turn back.
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But to his growing concern, he realized that an hour had passed, and he was completely lost.
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No matter how hard he tried, he couldn't retrace his steps to the familiar route.
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As panic began to set in, his situation worsened.
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His lamp started to flicker and eventually went out, leaving him in total darkness, miles underground.
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With no source of light, Thomas turned to his last resort, a box of matches.
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Striking one, he managed to create a faint glow that barely illuminated the rocks around him.
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It wasn't much, but it was better than nothing.
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He continued forward, using one match after another, but the matches burned out quickly, and soon he ran out entirely, leaving him once again surrounded by absolute darkness.
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Despite the circumstances, Thomas refused to give up.
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He devised a plan to leave behind small, useless items as markers to avoid circling back to the same spots.
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Starving, dehydrated, and utterly exhausted, he pressed on until he encountered the fissure, a narrow crack in the rock barely four feet deep.
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Believing this might be his only chance to reconnect with the familiar route or find a larger opening, he decided to enter it feet first.
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As he lowered himself into the gap, his hips dropped below the narrowest point, and he suddenly realized his mistake.
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He was completely wedged.
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His hips were firmly stuck between the rock walls, rendering him immobile.
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Using every last ounce of his strength, Thomas tried to lift himself back up, but it was no use.
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He was now trapped, alone, in the dark, with no one able to hear him.
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Days passed, and Thomas remained in the same position, growing weaker with each passing moment.
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Back home, his wife grew increasingly worried when he failed to return.
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She contacted the police, who began an extensive search of the caves in the area.
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Unfortunately, Thomas hadn't told anyone exactly which cave he planned to visit, leaving rescuers to search blindly.
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Miraculously, rescuers eventually spotted his car parked near Black Cave.
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A rescue team entered the cave, carefully exploring all the mapped sections.
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They found some of Thomas' belongings, including his glasses and shirt, but they missed the secret side passage he had ventured into.
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Amazingly, Thomas was still alive at this point, though his condition was rapidly deteriorating.
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Days passed, and with no further progress, authorities unfortunately called off the search.
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Thomas was officially declared missing.
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Refusing to give up, his wife continued pleading with authorities to resume the search.
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She distributed flyers around the city and reached out to anyone who might have information, but unfortunately she wouldn't have known about her husband for a long time.
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It wasn't until December 1996, over a year and a half later, that three other cavers exploring Black Cave stumbled upon Thomas' remains in the dark,
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narrow passage where he had become trapped.
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Zakaton Sinkhole Incident On April 6, 1994, diving legend Shek Exley, the first person in the world to log over 100 cave dives,
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set out to break a new depth record.
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His goal was to dive through the Zacaton sinkhole in Mexico, one of the deepest water-filled sinkholes in the world, plunging over 1,000 feet.
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Shek's passion for deep diving began at a young age
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when he and his brother would compete to see how deep they could go.
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Tragically, during one such competition, his brother lost consciousness at around 50 feet and drowned.
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Despite this, Shek pursued his love for diving, becoming an expert.
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For context, the average diver is advised not to descend deeper than 150 feet, with 300 feet considered the absolute limit for experienced divers.
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Accompanied by fellow diver Jim Bowden, Sheck meticulously prepared for the record-breaking dive.
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The event drew TV reporters, who wanted to witness this extraordinary feat.
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As the two divers descended into the Zacaton sinkhole, they wished each other luck.
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Although diving together, their dives would be independent.
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Exley had trained for this attempt, pushing his limits in previous dives.
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During one preparation dive at Bushman's Hole in South Africa, however, something weird happened.
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He reached an astonishing depth of 863 feet, but experienced alarming symptoms.
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He began hallucinating, and his body trembled uncontrollably, which are classic signs of high-pressure nervous syndrome, or HPNS.
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HPNS typically manifests at depths beyond 500 feet
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and is believed to result from the compression of cell membranes in the central nervous system.
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The condition can cause confusion, tremors, and even hallucinations, making it incredibly dangerous for divers at those depths.
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To mitigate these risks, Shek and Bowdoin planned to descend slowly, carefully switching tanks as they reached new depths.
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For the first stretch of their dive, everything went smoothly.
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However, problems began to arise at around 800 feet.
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Bowden noticed slight trembling in his hands, an early warning sign of HPNS.
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At 900 feet, Bowden encountered another issue.
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His air supply was running critically low.
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His tank pressure had dropped to 1080 psi, far below the expected 1800 psi needed to ensure a safe ascent.
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Keep in mind that decompression, depending on how deep the divers go, can take up to hours, which meant that Bowden was now in a life or death situation.
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Realizing the danger, Bowden began his ascent immediately, hoping he could make it back to the surface in time.
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Exley, however, was in even greater trouble.
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At around 880 feet, his vision blurred, and his body began trembling uncontrollably.
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HPNS symptoms, combined with nitrogen narcosis, which is a condition akin to being drunk caused by high-pressure nitrogen, began impairing his ability to think clearly.
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To steady himself, Exley wrapped his descent line around his arms, but his symptoms worsened, causing him to breathe more rapidly and deplete his air supply at an alarming rate.
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In a desperate move, he switched tanks, but at such depths, this was not ideal.
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Disoriented and overwhelmed by his symptoms, Exley became unable to think straight or move.
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Bowden, ascending cautiously, noticed Exley's descent line with unused tanks still attached.
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While concerned, he assumed Exley might have successfully reached the sinkhole's bottom and was making his way back up slowly.
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However, on the surface, the support team grew suspicious.
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They observed bubbles rising to the surface, but only from one diver, Bowden.
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A support diver, alarmed, wrote on an underwater slate, Where's Sheck?
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She decided to descend to 250 feet to investigate.
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At 280 feet, she spotted something chilling, two small white squares hanging from Exley's descent line.
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Upon closer inspection, she realized they were pages from Exley's diving profile, tools he had used to meticulously plan his dive.
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The realization was devastating.
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Sheck was stuck somewhere deep below.
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Nearly 10 hours after their initial descent, Bowden miraculously surfaced, surviving his own life-threatening dive.
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Exley, however, a hero that had previously saved numerous other divers, remained in the depths of the Zacaton sinkhole.
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Three days later, the recovery team pulled his descent line to the surface, bringing Exley's lifeless body with it.
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Jim Bowden reached an extraordinary depth of 915 feet during the dive, setting a world record for open-circuit scuba diving.
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Again, thank you to War Thunder for sponsoring this video.
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เกี่ยวกับบทเรียนนี้
ในบทเรียนนี้ คุณจะได้เรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับเหตุการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้นในถ้ำแห่งหนึ่ง รวมไปถึงความสำคัญของการรักษาความปลอดภัยระหว่างการสำรวจ คุณจะได้ฝึกฟังและฝึกร่วมกันตามเสียงในการบรรยาย ซึ่งจะช่วยให้คุณปรับปรุงการออกเสียงภาษาอังกฤษ และสามารถสนทนาในสถานการณ์ต่างๆ ได้ดีขึ้น การเรียนรู้จากบทนี้จะเป็นการนำเสนอที่น่าสนใจซึ่งช่วยให้คุณเข้าใจการใช้ภาษาอังกฤษในการเล่าเรื่องและสถานการณ์จริง
คำศัพท์สำคัญและวลี
- passion - ความหลงใหล
- explore - สำรวจ
- dangers - อันตราย
- rescue team - ทีมกู้ภัย
- collapsed - ล้มลง
- document - เอกสาร
- conditions - สภาพ
- exhilarating - สนุกสนาน
เคล็ดลับการฝึก
เมื่อต้องการใช้การฝึก ชาโดว์อิ้งภาษาอังกฤษ ในการปรับปรุงการออกเสียงภาษาอังกฤษ โปรดฟังเสียงบรรยายในวิดีโอนี้อย่าง вниматівно หยุดวิดีโอเมื่อจำเป็น และพยายามเลียนแบบการพูดของผู้บรรยายในทั้งสไตล์การพูดและความเร็วที่สม่ำเสมอ การฟังบทสนทนาเกี่ยวกับการสำรวจจะช่วยให้คุณเข้าใจการใช้คำศัพท์และวลีในสถานการณ์จริง อย่าลืมใช้ shadow speak เพื่อช่วยให้การเรียนรู้ของคุณมีประสิทธิภาพมากขึ้น หมั่นควรจะฝึกพูดออกเสียงตามผู้พูดเพื่อเก็บข้อมูลในสมอง ซึ่งอาจทำให้คุณเรียนรู้จาก เรียนภาษาอังกฤษจากยูทูป ได้ดีขึ้น
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ