ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Learn English with a Book | The Wizard of Oz | Deep Work Session | Part 13
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You know that reading stories is the best way to improve your English.
2
So today, let's continue our journey through The Wizard of Oz by Frank L.
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Baum.
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This is episode 13 of our series.
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As you know, my name is Eric, and I've been an English teacher for many years.
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So today, I'm going to continue to explain the vocabulary
7
and grammar of this book as we read together ask me questions in the comments.
8
If I miss something, let me know.
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Now, we were in the middle of a cliffhanger.
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What do I mean by that?
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If a story has episodes, and at the end of an episode, it has a lot of action,
12
there's many things happening, and then it stops, and you don't know what happens next, that's a cliffhanger.
13
So we use that for chapters in books.
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We can use that for TV episodes as well.
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If the episode ends with someone hanging on the edge of a cliff, it's a cliffhanger.
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Or in the middle of a fight, it's a cliffhanger.
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so let's go back here i've added a few things let's go through this paragraph one more time
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the woodman he seized his axe which he had made very sharp
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and as the leader of the wolves came on the tin man swung his arm
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and chopped the wolf's head from its body so that it immediately died.
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As soon as he could raise his axe, another wolf came up, and he also fell under the sharp edge of the tin woodman's weapon.
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There were forty wolves, and forty times a wolf was killed, so that at last they all lay dead in a heap before the woodman.
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A heap is a pile.
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Before means in front of.
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In front of.
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That's quite common in this book and in lots of literature for before to mean in front of.
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Pile, heap, those are synonyms.
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It's not exactly the same thing as a stack.
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If I have a couple of books or more, it's a stack.
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But if something is quite disorganized, it's a heap, a heap of things, a pile of things.
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Then he put down his axe and sat beside the scarecrow, who said, It was a good fight, friend.
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They waited until Dorothy awoke the next morning.
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The little girl was quite frightened when she saw the great pile of shaggy wolves, but the tin woodman told her all.
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She thanked him for saving them and sat down to breakfast, after which they started again on their journey.
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I said on, it says upon, same thing, same thing.
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Now, awoke is usually woke up in modern speech.
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In books, often we say awoke or awake, awake, awoke, awoke, or awaken.
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And woke up, wake up, woke up, woken up, right?
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Great means big.
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We've seen that many times.
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Shaggy.
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Shaggy describes some...
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I've tried to draw a shaggy wolf here.
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It's not the best picture, but Shaggy describes hair that is very disorganized, maybe a little dirty.
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If someone said I looked shaggy, it would not be a compliment.
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It would not be a nice thing to say.
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But the tin woman, Woodman, told her all.
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Told her all.
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This in speech is usually just everything.
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He told her everything.
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She thanked him for saving them and sat down to breakfast, after which they started again upon their journey.
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Now this same morning the wicked witch came to the door of her castle
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and looked out with her one eye that could see afar off.
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She saw all her wolves lying dead and the strangers still traveling through their country, through her country.
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This made her angrier than before, and she blew her silver whistle twice.
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Okay.
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A far off.
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You could also say far off far off far away far away
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she saw all her wolves lying dead the strangers still traveling through her country here
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i could talk a little bit about pronunciation
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this is for listening skills okay not for speaking skills this is something you need to be able to understand
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but not something that you need to be able to say.
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And that feature is that T and R together often sound like tr.
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If you don't believe me, listen closely.
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Traveling through her country.
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Traveling through her country.
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This is for many Americans.
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Many Americans will say try and train and,
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well, you know, nature and mature.
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It's not nature, nature.
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It sounds like a very, very old, very old, I mean hundreds of years old, type of British English.
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Nature, nature.
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No, it's nature, nature.
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So that idea of a ch sound will appear in other places.
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You can have that on traveling and country.
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Again, that's for listening skills.
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That is not for speaking skills.
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This made her angrier than before, and she blew her silver whistle twice.
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So again, a whistle is something you blow into and a loud sound comes out.
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A whistle often, it's on a string, right?
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Straightway means immediately.
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Immediately.
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A great flock of wild crows, a flock is a group of birds,
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a crow is a type of black bird,
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type of black bird, came flying toward her, enough to darken the sky.
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And the wicked witch said to the king crow, Fly at once to the strangers,
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peck out their eyes, and tear them to pieces.
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Fly at once, that means now, immediately.
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It does not mean one time, it means now or immediately.
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To the strangers, peck out their eyes, and tear them to pieces.
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So peck out.
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What do birds do when they eat with their beaks?
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They peck.
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It's supposed to be a bird's head.
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When they are eating something, that motion is pecking.
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Peck out their eyes and tear them to pieces that is literally pull them apart pull them apart tear them to pieces
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we were talking about t and r for many native speakers again this is for listening strangers
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strangers strangers i'm not telling you to speak
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that way i'm saying this is the way that many people do speak in North America.
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Strangers.
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Strangers.
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Strangers is good.
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That's fine.
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It's common.
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But so is strangers.
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Strangers.
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That is a feature of many accents in North America.
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The wild crows flew in one great flock toward Dorothy and her companions.
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when the little girl saw them coming she was afraid
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but the scarecrow said this is my battle so lie down beside me and you will not be harmed
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they flew in one great flock that's how they flew one group I think that's very clear, isn't it?
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Lie down beside me, and you will not be harmed, that is hurt.
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So they all lay upon the ground except the scarecrow, and he stood up and stretched out his arms.
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And when the crows saw him, they were frightened, as these birds always are by scarecrows,
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and did not come, did not dare to come any nearer.
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So this is a good example of except everybody lies down on the ground, right?
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And the lion is going to lie on the ground too.
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And then the scarecrow is standing.
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The scarecrow is standing.
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Usually they have some kind of hat.
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except, you see, all of them except the scarecrow are lying on the ground.
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He stood up and stretched out his arms, stretched out his arms.
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The birds were frightened, the crows were frightened, and they didn't dare to come any nearer.
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To dare to do something is to risk doing it.
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So you could think of that as risk coming any nearer.
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But the King Crow said, it is only a stuffed man.
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I will peck his eyes out.
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It is only a stuffed man.
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We've seen that word stuffed before.
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Stuffed describes something which is full of something else, right?
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And a scarecrow is just clothes with straw or hay inside.
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It is only a stuffed man.
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I will peck his eyes out.
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So notice we've got peck and out again.
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This should have some wings on it it's a little clearer
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maybe the king crow flew at the scarecrow who caught it by the head
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and twisted its neck until it died and then another crow flew at him
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and the scarecrow twisted its neck also and there were forty crows
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and forty times the scarecrow twisted a neck until at last all were lying dead beside him
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then he called to his companions to rise and again they went upon their journey." Notice the word at.
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You can fly to someone, and you can fly at someone.
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Well, I can't fly, but we're talking about birds.
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There's a difference between to and at if we're talking about motion towards someone.
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I can.. let's imagine that we're playing catch and I have a snowball
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and I throw the snowball to you because I want you to catch it
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and you catch the snowball and you throw it back to me
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and I catch it and then I throw it back to you
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and you catch it you throw it back to me but normally we want snowballs to hit people.
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So I would throw it at you.
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And then you would throw a snowball at me.
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And I would throw another snowball at you.
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So at there is more aggressive.
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Let's say aggressive.
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That's helpful.
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If we think about to you versus at you, to you means that there's something that you will do.
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Like I'm speaking to you.
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If I say I'm speaking at you, it sounds like you are not involved.
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Versus I'm speaking to you, or even better, with you.
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Now you're involved.
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So the king crow flew at the scarecrow.
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It means he flew not to, but at.
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It looks the same, except the King Crow doesn't want to talk.
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He wants to kill the Scarecrow, who caught it by the head.
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So the Scarecrow caught the crow by the head and twisted its neck until it died.
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Twisting, of course, is this motion.
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twisted his neck until it died.
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Another crow flew at him.
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Same thing.
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There were 40 crows and 40 times the scarecrow twisted a neck until at last all were lying dead beside him. So 40, 40.
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We had 40 before.
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And 40 is a number.
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if we're talking about American culture,
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one piece of the context of the culture is the Bible, the Christian Bible.
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Forty is a number which is significant in the Bible.
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40 days and 40 nights, 40 years.
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And so why did Frank L.
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Baum choose 40?
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I think it's to remind us that this is a story that is deep.
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There's some kind of meaning here, which is deeper than just fantasy.
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I don't know exactly what
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Frank Elbaum was thinking.
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I don't know.
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But I do know that 40 is a special number in American culture.
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And they went upon their journey.
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Okay, let's continue.
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When the wicked witch looked out again and saw all her crows lying in a heap,
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she got into a terrible rage and blew three times upon her silver whistle.
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Looked out.
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It's a great phrasal verb, right?
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We can imagine her in her castle, in a tower, in the window, and she's looking out, right?
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She's looking out of the window of the castle.
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And she saw all her crows lying in a heap.
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You see lying in a heap, that is a participle phrase telling us about crows.
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It's an adjective, it's an adjective, and we saw that here too with the wolves lying dead.
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So sometimes an ing form is an adjective,
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and you know this because of words like boring and exciting.
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Those are ing forms of the verbs to bore and to excite.
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Something which excites you is exciting something which bores you is boring,
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and then you feel excited or bored.
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You see, when it's ed, the past participle adjective, it describes how you feel, bored or excited.
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But when it's ing, the present participle form, it talks about the thing which is causing the emotion.
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If you're bored, I don't want you to say you're boring.
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You're not boring.
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You're interesting.
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Okay, let's continue.
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Forthwith, there was heard a great buzzing in the air, and a swarm of black bees came flying towards her.
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Forthwith, this is now a rare word.
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This is not a very common word.
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It also means immediately.
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Straightway, straightaway, forthwith.
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Same meaning.
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There was heard a great buzzing in the air.
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This is very literary language in this line.
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There was heard a great buzzing in the air.
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Normally we would say a great buzzing was heard in the air.
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We put the subject before the verb, but here we've swapped the order.
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This is because this is more literary or more poetic in that line.
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And a swarm of black bees, a swarm is a group of insects.
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Any insect which gathers together, you could say it's a swarm.
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A swarm especially of flying insects.
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A swarm of black bees came flying towards her.
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Go to the strangers and sting them to death, commanded the witch.
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Sting.
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Sting.
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A bee, if I can draw one, has a stinger.
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That's this part of the bee, is a stinger.
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And what do they do with it?
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They sting. to death.
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That is, until they die.
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So, any activity could be done to death.
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You see?
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So, we could change the verb and just add to death, and it would always mean killing.
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And the bees turned and flew rapidly until they came to where Dorothy and her friends were to walking.
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But the woodman had seen them coming, and the scarecrow had decided what to do.
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Rapidly is just fast, or quickly.
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Take out my straw and scatter it over the little girl and the dog and the lion, said the woodman.
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And the bees cannot sting them
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This the woodman did
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And as Dorothy lay close beside the lion
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And held Toto in her arms
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The straw covered them entirely So He is stuffed
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Right So if they take the straw
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Out of his body
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And scatter it A little here A little there a little here, a little there, that's scattering,
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over the little girl and the dog, then the bees can't sting them.
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They're covering the people who can be stung.
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Sting, stung, stung.
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Those are the three forms of sting.
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Sting, stung, stung.
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this the woodman did
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notice the order of words is a little bit different than we might expect
252
the woodman did this would be the more common way of
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speaking of course in writing things can look a little different this the woodman did
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and as dorothy lay close beside the lion
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and held toto in her arms the straw covered them entirely entirely is completely
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the bees came and found no one but the woodman to sting
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so they flew at him
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and broke off all their stings against the tin without hurting the woodman at all
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and as bees cannot live when their stings are broken, that was the end of the black bees.
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And they lay scattered, thick about the woodman, like little heaps of fine coal.
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They found no one except or but the woodman to sting.
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The finding is to sting.
263
The purpose of the finding is to sting.
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So that's why that's there as an infinitive.
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And because of that, that is therefore, they flew at him, there's at again, not to, and broke off,
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there's a phrasal verb, break off, all their stings.
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So you could call this a sting or a stinger.
268
That's the part of the bee which stings.
269
Against the tin.
270
Of course, tin is a metal.
271
He's a metal man, so the stings don't work against him.
272
And as bees cannot live, so as here means because.
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Remember that's so common in writing.
274
Because bees can't live when their stings are broken.
275
That was the end of the black bees.
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That was the end of the black bees.
277
They died.
278
And they lay scattered, just like the hay, or straw.
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Thick.
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Scattered thick.
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So that means there's lots of them.
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There's lots of them.
283
There's all these all over the place all of these dead bees all over.
284
Like little heaps of fine coals.
285
We saw that heap is pile.
286
Fine coal.
287
Coal is that hard black substance that people burn for different reasons.
288
Maybe on a Nice grill.
289
Cooking something on the grill.
290
They might have coal inside that, right?
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Fine.
292
Now, if I say, how are you, you might say I'm fine.
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And that's a good answer.
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But if you look very closely at my pen, maybe you can see that.
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I'm not sure if you can.
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But it actually says fine on it, F -I -N -E, right there.
297
I don't think you can see that.
298
Why?
299
Why does it say that?
300
Well, because the tip of the pen is very small.
301
Fine can mean that something is very tiny, very, very tiny.
302
And that's what this is talking about, because coal is usually bigger, bigger pieces of coal but this is smaller pieces.
303
Something which is very fine.
304
Sand.
305
Sand.
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There's fine sand in this hourglass, you see.
307
So heaps of fine coal.
308
Then Dorothy and the lion got up
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and the girl helped the tin woodman put the straw back into the scarecrow again until he was as good as ever.
310
So they started upon their journey once more.
311
She got up and the girl helped the tin woodman put the straw back into the scarecrow.
312
They took all of the straw out to cover themselves as a protection from the bees
313
and now they need to stuff him again.
314
Something which is stuffed has been stuffed.
315
He's a stuffed man, so they need to stuff the straw back into him till he was as good as ever.
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It means he's back to normal.
317
He's okay.
318
They started upon their journey once more.
319
The wicked witch was so angry
320
when she saw her black bees in little heaps like fine coal
321
that she stamped her foot and tore her hair and gnashed her teeth.
322
And then she called a dozen of her slaves, who were the Winkies, and gave them sharp spears,
323
telling them to go to the strangers and destroy them.
324
So she stamped her foot.
325
Stamping a foot is pushing it down to the ground so that,
326
here's a foot, my shoe is putting it down down down to the ground so that there's a loud sound
327
stamping the foot
328
and tore her hair tear tore torn right tear tore torn tore her hair and gnashed her teeth.
329
Gnashed.
330
This is easiest if I show you.
331
Gnashing your teeth is kind of like biting.
332
So she's angry.
333
She's angry.
334
And then she called a dozen of her slaves who were the Winkies.
335
So Winkies is just a word which is made up for Oz,
336
for this book, for this book.
337
If you remember, they talked about the geography of Oz.
338
There are four quarters of Oz.
339
The Emerald City is in the middle, and there are four areas of Oz.
340
It looks like this.
341
And so the Emerald City is in the middle, the Winkies live on the west side, I think.
342
I think that's right.
343
So this is a group of people in Oz who are her slaves.
344
A dozen.
345
A dozen is twelve.
346
And gave them sharp spears.
347
Spear is a long weapon like that.
348
Telling them to go to the strangers and destroy them.
349
Destroying a person is killing them.
350
The Winkies were not a brave people, but they had to do as they were told.
351
So they marched away until they came near to Dorothy.
352
Then the lion gave a great roar and sprang toward them,
353
and the poor Winkies were so frightened that they ran back as fast as they could.
354
So we have something interesting here.
355
A people.
356
This is a difficult word to define.
357
A people is a group of people who are united by something.
358
sometimes we use this to mean an ethnic group like a race
359
and other times we use it to talk about a national group particularly in very multicultural countries the people of
360
that country are not one race.
361
They're many races, but one nation.
362
And so a people is a group,
363
a group of people united by race or nationality or beliefs, something.
364
Usually it's a large group.
365
A large group of people, united by something.
366
So that's why you will see peoples, peoples, the peoples of Europe.
367
So that's talking about groups, not individuals, you see.
368
I can say the people of Europe, and I mean all of the people in Europe.
369
But if I say the peoples of Europe, I'm talking about the different groups of people,
370
the Italians and French people and German people,
371
and even more specific, the Bavarian people and people from Saxony or Nordrhein, right?
372
I'm talking about groups.
373
So the peoples of a place are all the groups of people that live there.
374
they had to do as they were told that is they must do whatever they were told
375
so that is therefore they marched away until they came near to dorothy
376
you don't need the two that is an optional thing you can say near dorothy to dorothy near to Dorothy, that's the same.
377
The lion gave a great roar.
378
Of course, that's the sound of an angry lion or tiger or bear. And sprang toward them.
379
Remember that that means jumped.
380
Spring, sprang, sprung.
381
Those are the three forms of spring.
382
You will see springed sometimes.
383
That's fine, but I would prefer spring, spring, sprung.
384
The lion gave a great roar.
385
So with loud noises, you can say give with it.
386
They were so frightened that they ran.
387
it's so cold that I am staying in I'm
388
so hungry that I could cry
389
so these are showing you the degree of something how strong something is
390
so frightened that they ran as fast as they could.
391
Okay, so this video is going to be a little bit shorter.
392
Trying shorter episodes.
393
We'll see if they can get up on YouTube faster.
394
We'll see.
395
So, I want you to ask me any questions that you have.
396
Please, in the comments below the video, type your questions.
397
Let's go back and see what we covered today.
398
So we talked about pile and heap, shaggy, awake versus wake up.
399
Wake up is more common in speech.
400
Awake as a verb is more common in writing.
401
We talked about a flock being a group of birds and a where is the swarm.
402
Swarm being a group of flying insects.
403
We talked a little bit about listening skills.
404
Again, not speaking but listening.
405
That T and R together make a ch sound for many, not all, many Americans.
406
And we also saw peck out,
407
look out, forthwith, you see that in writing,
408
stinging, a stinger, rapidly meaning fast or quickly,
409
scattering, distributing, throwing things in different places.
410
We talked about, this is very important, at and to, right?
411
Remember, if I throw something at you, I want it to hit you.
412
If I throw something to you, I want you to catch it.
413
If I shout to you, it means I want to communicate with you.
414
Hey!
415
Over here!
416
If I shout at you, it means I'm probably angry at you, you see?
417
All right, so that's where we'll stop for today,
418
right here, and I will record more episodes in this series.
419
Thank you for watching.
420
Have a great day, evening, whatever it is where you are.
421
I'll see you next time.
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English Speaking Practice with Repeat-After-Me + SHADOWING
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “Learn English with a Book” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: sting, bee, scarecrow, crow, woodman วิดีโอนี้มี 421 ประโยค และ 3969 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 36:21 ผู้พูดพูดช้า ประมาณ 109 คำต่อนาที จึงมีเวลาเลียนแบบทุกเสียง มีเพียง 81% ของคำที่อยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงค่อนข้างยาก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| sting คำกริยา | /ˈstɪŋ/ | กัด, ต่อย |
| crow คำนาม | /kɹoʊ/ | กา |
| bee คำนาม | /ˈbiː/ | ผึ้ง, ภมร |
| stranger คำนาม | /ˈstɹeɪnd͡ʒɚ/ | ฝรั่ง |
| tear คำกริยา | /tɛɹ/ | ฉีก |
| straw คำนาม | /stɹɔ/ | ฟาง |
| wolf คำนาม | /wʊlf/ | หมาป่า, สุนัขป่า |
| lion คำนาม | /ˈlaɪən/ | สิงโต, ราชสีห์ |
| bore คำกริยา | /boɹ/ | เจาะ, ไช |
| twist คำกริยา | /twɪst/ | บิด |
| verb คำนาม | /vɝb/ | คำกริยา, กริยา |
| whistle คำนาม | /ˈwɪs(ə)l/ | นกหวีด |
| flock คำนาม | /flɑk/ | ฝูง, หมู่ |
| sharp คำคุณศัพท์ | /ʃɑɹp/ | คม, แหลม |
| stamp คำนาม | /stæmp/ | การเหยียบ, การย่ำ |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| wake up คำกริยา | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | ตื่น, ตื่นนอน |
| get up คำกริยา | ลุก | |
| go back คำกริยา | กลับไป | |
| lie down คำกริยา | นอน |
ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ
ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:
- What do I mean by that?
- We've seen that many times.
- I've tried to draw a shaggy wolf here.
- If you don't believe me, listen closely.
- We've seen that word stuffed before.
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | was killed · will not be harmed · are not involved |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | something which is · number which is · here, which is |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | I've been · i've added · We've seen |
| Past continuous was/were + -ing — การกระทำที่กำลังดำเนินอยู่ ณ ช่วงหนึ่งในอดีต | were talking · were lying · was thinking |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 48 ครั้ง เช่น I'm, don't, you're ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: thick /θɪk/, ethnic /ˈɛθ.nɪk/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, forthwith /fɔɹθˈwɪθ/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: sharp /ʃɑɹp/, shout /ʃaʊt/, shoe /ˈʃu/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, optional /ˈɑp.ʃə.nəl/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: literary /ˈlɪt.(ə.)ɹə.ɹi/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/, geography /d͡ʒiˈɑɡɹəfi/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, nationality /ˌnæʃ.əˈnæl.ɪ.ti/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: wolf /wʊlf/, pile /paɪl/, whistle /ˈwɪs(ə)l/, buzz /bʌz/, castle /ˈkɑːsəl/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: verb /vɝb/, versus /ˈvɝsəs/, slave /sleɪv/, aggressive /əˈɡɹɛs.ɪv/, twelve /twɛlv/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: buzz /bʌz/, phrase /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/, seize /ˈsiːz/, disorganized /dɪsˈɔːɡənaɪzd/, phrasal /ˈfɹeɪzəl/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- พูดตามทีละประโยคด้วยความเร็วปกติ ทำซ้ำแต่ละประโยคจนจังหวะของคุณตรงกับผู้พูด
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง sting, crow, bee เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ