跟读练习: Cambridge 19 Listening Test 4 Part 4 - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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Part 4.
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Part 4.
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You will hear part of an environmental studies lecture on tree planting.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Tree planting now dominates political and popular agendas and is often presented as an easy answer to the climate crisis,
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as well as a way for business corporations to offset their carbon emissions.
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But unfortunately, tree planting isn't as straightforward as some people think.
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When the wrong trees are planted in the wrong place,
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it can do considerably more damage than good,
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failing to help either people or the environment.
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Reforestation projects are currently being undertaken on a huge scale in many countries,
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and it's crucial that the right trees are selected.
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A mix of species should always be planted,
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typical of the local natural forest ecosystem and including rare and endangered species in order to create a rich ecosystem.
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It's important to avoid non-native species that could become invasive.
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Invasive species are a significant contributor to the current global biodiversity crisis
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and are often in competition with native species and may threaten their long term survival.
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Restoring biodiversity that will maximise carbon capture is key when reforesting an area,
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but ideally any reforestation project should have several goals.
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These could include selecting trees that can contribute to wildlife conservation,
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improve the availability of food for the local community and maintain the stability of soil systems.
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Meeting as many of these goals as possible,
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whilst doing no harm to local communities,
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native ecosystems and vulnerable species,
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is the sign of a highly successful tree planting scheme.
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To ensure the survival and resilience of a planted forest,
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it's vital to use tree seeds with appropriate levels of genetic diversity,
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the amount of genetic variation found within a species essential for their survival.
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Using seeds with low genetic diversity generally lowers the resilience of restored forests,
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which can make them vulnerable to disease and unable to adapt to climate change.
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Choosing the right location for reforestation projects is as important as choosing the right trees.
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Ultimately, the best area for planting trees would be informally forested areas that are in poor condition.
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It's better to avoid non-forested landscapes,
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such as natural grasslands, savannas or wetlands,
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as these ecosystems already contribute greatly to capturing carbon.
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It would also be advantageous to choose an area where trees could provide other benefits,
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such as recreational spaces.
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Reforesting areas which are currently exploited for agriculture should be avoided,
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as this often leads to other areas being deforested.
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Large scale reforestation projects require careful planning.
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Making the right decisions about where to plant trees depends on having the right information.
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Having detailed and up-to-date maps identifying high priority areas for intervention is essential.
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Drone technology is a useful tool in helping to prioritise and monitor areas of degraded forest for restoration.
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In Brazil, it's being used to identify and quantify how parts of the Amazon are being devastated by human activities,
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such as rearing cattle and illegal logging.
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A good example of where the right trees were picked to
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achieve a restored forest is in in Lampang province in northern Thailand.
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A previously forested site, which had been degraded through mining,
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was reforested by a cement company,
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together with Chiang Mai University.
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After spreading 60 centimetres of topsoil,
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they planted 14 different native tree species,
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which included several species of fig.
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Figs are a keystone species because of the critical role they play in maintaining wildlife populations.
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They are central to tropical reforestation projects as they accelerate the speed of the recovery process by attracting animals
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and birds which act as natural seed dispersers.
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This helps to promote diversity through the healthy regrowth of a wide range of plant species.
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Unlike the majority of fruit trees,
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figs bear fruit all year round,
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providing a reliable food source for many species.
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At this site, for example,
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after only three rainy seasons,
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monkeys started visiting to eat the fig fruits,
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naturally dispersing seeds through defecation.
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Reforestation projects should always aim to make sure that local communities are consulted and involved in the decision-making process.
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The restoration of mangrove forests in Madagascar is an example of a project
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which has succeeded in creating real benefits for the community.
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Destruction of the mangrove forests had a terrible impact on plant and animal life and also badly affected the fishing industry,
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which was a major source of employment for local people living in coastal areas.
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The reforestation project involved hiring local people to plant and care for the new mangrove trees.
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Millions of mangrove trees have now been planted,
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which has resulted in the return of a healthy aquatic ecosystem.
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The mangroves also act as a defence against the increased threat of flooding caused by climate change.
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What's more, the local economy is more stable and thousands more Madagascans are now able to send their children to school.
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One other important point to consider...
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关于本课
在这节课中，学习者将通过听取一段关于植树的环境研究讲座，了解植树对气候危机的影响及其复杂性。他们将练习在聆听的同时捕捉关键信息，并提高自己的英语口语能力。通过观察和模仿讲者的语速和语调，学习者可以在实际对话中应用所学的内容，提升英语口语表达的自然度。
关键词汇与短语
- 植树 (tree planting) - 指为改善环境或应对气候变化而种植树木的行为。
- 生态系统 (ecosystem) - 由生物和生物环境相互作用形成的自然系统。
- 非本地物种 (non-native species) - 指引入某地区的外来植物或动物，可能对当地生态造成威胁。
- 生物多样性 (biodiversity) - 描述一个地区生物物种的丰富度和多样性。
- 碳捕集 (carbon capture) - 指通过自然或技术手段减少二氧化碳排放的过程。
- 基因多样性 (genetic diversity) - 指同一物种内部基因的变异程度，对物种的适应性至关重要。
- 再造林 (reforestation) - 重新种植树木以恢复被破坏的森林区域。
- 休闲空间 (recreational spaces) - 提供公众休闲和娱乐的场所。
练习技巧
在进行英语影子跟读时，尽量模仿讲者的语速、语调和发音。注意听每个词的重音和语气变化，帮助提升英语口语练习的效果。你可以选择暂停视频，重复讲者的短语，直到能流利地跟上他们的节奏。在这样一个 shadowing site 中与讲者同步，能够显著提高你的英语表达能力。同时，也可以尝试用自己的话复述讲座中的内容，以增强对相关主题的理解和记忆。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。