跟读练习: Dolphin Intelligence: IELTS LISTENING Vol 7 Test 1 Section 4 (IELTS Listening Recent Actual Test) - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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Part 4 You will hear part of a biology lecture about dolphins and how views divide over their level of intelligence.
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Part 4 You will hear part of a biology lecture about dolphins and how views divide over their level of intelligence.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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In today's lecture, we'll dive into the topic of dolphin intelligence,
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discussing dolphin behavior and their physical structure,
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in an attempt to shed light on the question, how intelligent are dolphins?
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Well, concerning body size, dolphin brains are among the largest in the animal kingdom,
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more extensive than chimpanzees.
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And certain species, like bottlenose dolphins,
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have brains even bigger than humans.
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However, some current tests suggest that they do not possess the same cognitive abilities as humans,
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despite having a similar brain size.
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For instance, dolphins are often trapped in gill nets,
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originally intended for tuna fishing.
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These entanglement cases have led to unnecessary injury or deaths of dolphins,
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gradually depleting their numbers.
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Clearly, dolphins don't realize that they could just jump over these vertical barriers and swim to safety.
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People often mistakenly view dolphins' eternal smile as signs of intelligence and joy.
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Actually, this is not a facial expression at all,
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but a fixed design of their head.
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Unlike human beings with greater than 40 facial muscles,
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dolphins have no such powers with which to form an expression.
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On the other hand, small-brained animals are sometimes underrated for their level of intelligence.
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Pigeons and rats are typical examples of small-brained animals,
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which can perform tasks so complex that most humans would have trouble with them.
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Over the last few decades,
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scientists have conducted countless studies on the cognitive abilities of these overlooked animals,
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with quite surprising results.
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Pigeons are aware of their bodies when they see their reflections in the mirror.
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Pigeons are also trained under specific conditions and gradually form instinctive reactions.
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In an experiment in 2009,
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a group of 12 pigeons was given a reward,
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like food and water, every time they pecked a key on a lab table.
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All birds successfully performed the trick.
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These test results indicate that brain size is probably not the sole factor in determining intelligence.
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Another argument steers the attention,
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to the correlation between intelligence
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and the constituents of brains rather than their sheer sizes it's been found
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that dolphin brains are comprised chiefly of fatty cells
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which serve as a protective barrier between the systemic blood
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and the extracellular environment of the central nervous system they are also essential components of nerve cell membranes,
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affecting problem-solving skills performance.
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Now, the second mainstream view,
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is that dolphins are highly intelligent.
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Research into the behavior of dolphins in the wild,
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and in captivity, has yielded incredible data,
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on the intelligence of these marine mammals.
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Studies show that dolphins not only have the ability to learn as individuals,
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but those individuals can then pass their new knowledge on to others.
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Let's take a look at some typical examples.
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Among these are tested with Billy,
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a dolphin trapped in a sea lock and rescued.
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Billy spent three weeks in rehabilitation and was released back into the wild.
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There, researchers noticed that Billy had started tailwalking,
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a skill only mastered by captive dolphins who imitated the keepers.
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Billy had not been trained to tailwalk,
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but had learned the skill simply by observing other dolphins in the rehab center.
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Another study involves a female dolphin named Karen.
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Karen was given a test,
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in which she was rewarded with a fish,
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for every piece of litter she brought to researchers.
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To maximize its bounty, she quickly learned to take a newspaper,
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keep it at the bottom of a tank,
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and tear off smaller pieces to get more fish.
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Over the past hundred years,
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researchers have proven that dolphins are extremely social species,
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and have evolved to have highly developed brains.
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These factors are the most significant contributors to their intelligence,
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and become the means of survival for dolphins.
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In 2008, researchers tracked a group of around 400 dolphins.
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One female dolphin in the group was having a lot of trouble swimming,
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and kept flipping upside down,
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or sinking into the water.
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The other dolphins crowded around it.
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They paddled side by side with the injured female on their backs.
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By keeping the wounded female above water,
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they may have helped it to breathe, avoiding drowning.
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So how do they communicate with each other?
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Well, scientists have discovered, through observation and meticulous testing,
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that every dolphin has a different sound,
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resembling the whistle that other dolphins recognize as a particular individual.
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Dolphins can emit a wide variety of sounds.
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The frequency levels range ten times beyond what humans can hear.
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But of course, there are other means of communication for dolphins, besides sound.
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During mating season, male dolphins stroke females with flippers,
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after a fight to affirm social bonds.
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That is the end of part four.
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You now have one minute to check your answers to part four.
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Thank you.
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背景介绍
在今天的讲座中，讲者深入探讨了海豚的智力，分享了关于海豚行为和身体结构的见解。海豚的智力水平一直以来都引起了科学家的关注与争议。一方面，海豚的大脑体积相对较大，甚至某些种类的海豚的大脑比人类还要大。然而，一些最新的测试结果却暗示，尽管它们的大脑体积与人类相似，但它们的认知能力并不相同。这一话题不仅引发了科学研究，也促使人们重新思考智力如何被定义。在这个背景下，学习与海豚智力相关的英语表达将有助于增强您的口语能力。
日常交流中常用的五个短语
- How intelligent are dolphins? - 海豚有多聪明？
- Brain size doesn’t determine intelligence. - 大脑大小并不决定智力。
- Dolphins in captivity. - 被囚禁的海豚。
- They can pass knowledge to others. - 它们能把知识传递给其他海豚。
- Complex tasks for small-brained animals. - 小脑动物完成复杂任务。
逐步模仿指导
为了提高英语发音，您可以采用“影子跟读”技巧，这是一种通过模仿定位发音和节奏的方法。以下是逐步的指导：
- 选择视频片段：选择一段海豚智力讲座的音频，建议从讲座的开始部分开始，这样可以慢慢适应讲者的语速。
- 倾听与理解：第一次播放音频时，专注于理解讲者所表达的内容，而不是单纯地模仿发音。
- 逐句跟读：将音频暂停，在每一句后进行模仿，注意发音、语调及节奏。利用“shadowspeak”技巧，不断重复，直到您对发音感到自信。
- 录音对比：录下自己跟读的声音，与原音频进行对比。注意发音和节奏的差异，并进行调整。
- 不断回顾与练习：反复练习，以巩固发音技巧，并确保掌握所学的短语，以便在日常交流中使用。
运用这些技巧，您将在提升英语口语能力的同时，对海豚智力的理解也将更加深入。通过有效的shadow speech练习，您将能自信地参与更广泛的对话和讨论。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。