शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Dolphin Intelligence: IELTS LISTENING Vol 7 Test 1 Section 4 (IELTS Listening Recent Actual Test) - YouTube के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
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Part 4 You will hear part of a biology lecture about dolphins and how views divide over their level of intelligence.
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Part 4 You will hear part of a biology lecture about dolphins and how views divide over their level of intelligence.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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In today's lecture, we'll dive into the topic of dolphin intelligence,
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discussing dolphin behavior and their physical structure,
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in an attempt to shed light on the question, how intelligent are dolphins?
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Well, concerning body size, dolphin brains are among the largest in the animal kingdom,
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more extensive than chimpanzees.
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And certain species, like bottlenose dolphins,
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have brains even bigger than humans.
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However, some current tests suggest that they do not possess the same cognitive abilities as humans,
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despite having a similar brain size.
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For instance, dolphins are often trapped in gill nets,
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originally intended for tuna fishing.
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These entanglement cases have led to unnecessary injury or deaths of dolphins,
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gradually depleting their numbers.
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Clearly, dolphins don't realize that they could just jump over these vertical barriers and swim to safety.
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People often mistakenly view dolphins' eternal smile as signs of intelligence and joy.
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Actually, this is not a facial expression at all,
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but a fixed design of their head.
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Unlike human beings with greater than 40 facial muscles,
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dolphins have no such powers with which to form an expression.
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On the other hand, small-brained animals are sometimes underrated for their level of intelligence.
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Pigeons and rats are typical examples of small-brained animals,
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which can perform tasks so complex that most humans would have trouble with them.
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Over the last few decades,
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scientists have conducted countless studies on the cognitive abilities of these overlooked animals,
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with quite surprising results.
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Pigeons are aware of their bodies when they see their reflections in the mirror.
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Pigeons are also trained under specific conditions and gradually form instinctive reactions.
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In an experiment in 2009,
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a group of 12 pigeons was given a reward,
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like food and water, every time they pecked a key on a lab table.
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All birds successfully performed the trick.
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These test results indicate that brain size is probably not the sole factor in determining intelligence.
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Another argument steers the attention,
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to the correlation between intelligence
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and the constituents of brains rather than their sheer sizes it's been found
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that dolphin brains are comprised chiefly of fatty cells
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which serve as a protective barrier between the systemic blood
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and the extracellular environment of the central nervous system they are also essential components of nerve cell membranes,
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affecting problem-solving skills performance.
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Now, the second mainstream view,
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is that dolphins are highly intelligent.
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Research into the behavior of dolphins in the wild,
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and in captivity, has yielded incredible data,
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on the intelligence of these marine mammals.
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Studies show that dolphins not only have the ability to learn as individuals,
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but those individuals can then pass their new knowledge on to others.
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Let's take a look at some typical examples.
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Among these are tested with Billy,
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a dolphin trapped in a sea lock and rescued.
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Billy spent three weeks in rehabilitation and was released back into the wild.
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There, researchers noticed that Billy had started tailwalking,
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a skill only mastered by captive dolphins who imitated the keepers.
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Billy had not been trained to tailwalk,
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but had learned the skill simply by observing other dolphins in the rehab center.
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Another study involves a female dolphin named Karen.
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Karen was given a test,
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in which she was rewarded with a fish,
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for every piece of litter she brought to researchers.
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To maximize its bounty, she quickly learned to take a newspaper,
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keep it at the bottom of a tank,
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and tear off smaller pieces to get more fish.
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Over the past hundred years,
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researchers have proven that dolphins are extremely social species,
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and have evolved to have highly developed brains.
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These factors are the most significant contributors to their intelligence,
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and become the means of survival for dolphins.
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In 2008, researchers tracked a group of around 400 dolphins.
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One female dolphin in the group was having a lot of trouble swimming,
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and kept flipping upside down,
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or sinking into the water.
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The other dolphins crowded around it.
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They paddled side by side with the injured female on their backs.
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By keeping the wounded female above water,
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they may have helped it to breathe, avoiding drowning.
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So how do they communicate with each other?
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Well, scientists have discovered, through observation and meticulous testing,
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that every dolphin has a different sound,
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resembling the whistle that other dolphins recognize as a particular individual.
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Dolphins can emit a wide variety of sounds.
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The frequency levels range ten times beyond what humans can hear.
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But of course, there are other means of communication for dolphins, besides sound.
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During mating season, male dolphins stroke females with flippers,
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after a fight to affirm social bonds.
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That is the end of part four.
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You now have one minute to check your answers to part four.
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Thank you.
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इस वीडियो के साथ बातचीत का अभ्यास क्यों करें?
इस वीडियो में, दर्शकों को डॉल्फ़िन की बुद्धिमत्ता के बारे में एक व्यापक व्याख्यान सुनने को मिलता है। इस प्रकार के व्याख्यान सुनकर, आप न केवल अपनी अंग्रेजी शैडोइंग की क्षमता को सुधार सकते हैं, बल्कि अपनी बातचीत की कौशल को भी विकसित कर सकते हैं। जब आप किसी विषय पर गहराई से चर्चा सुनते हैं, तो आप उस विषय के विभिन्न पहलुओं को समझने में सक्षम होते हैं। आपकी बोलचाल की क्षमता में सुधार होने के साथ-साथ, यह भी सुनिश्चित होता है कि आप अपने विचारों को स्पष्टता और आत्मविश्वास के साथ व्यक्त कर सकें।
संरचना और अभिव्यक्तियाँ संदर्भ में
इस व्याख्यान में कई महत्वपूर्ण संरचनाएँ और अभिव्यक्तियाँ शामिल हैं, जैसे:
- “In today's lecture”: यह प्रसंग बताता है कि आप किसी वर्तमान विषय पर चर्चा कर रहे हैं।
- “It has been found that”: यह एक सामान्य वाक्य संरचना है जो जानकारी को प्रस्तुत करते समय उपयोगी होती है।
- “Despite having”: इसका उपयोग किसी स्थिति में विपरीतता दिखाने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे, डॉल्फ़िन के पास बड़े मस्तिष्क होने के बावजूद, उनकी बुद्धिमत्ता की सीमाएँ।
- “On the other hand”: यह एक संक्रमण शब्द है, जिससे आप एक दृष्टिकोण से दूसरे दृष्टिकोण में चले जाते हैं।
- “Are comprised chiefly of”: यह दर्शाता है कि किसी वस्तु के घटक क्या हैं, और इसे वैज्ञानिक या टेक्निकल संदर्भ में बोलना प्रभावी बनाता है।
इस प्रकार की संरचनाएँ आपके अंग्रेजी उच्चारण में सुधार करने के लिए बहुत सहायक हो सकती हैं।
सामान्य उच्चारण के जाल
इस व्याख्यान में कुछ कठिन शब्द और उच्चारण हैं, जिन्हें समझने और सुधारने में आपको मदद मिलेगी:
- Dolphins: इसे सही तरह से उच्चारित करने पर ध्यान दें, खासकर विशेषण 'डॉल्-फिन्स' के तौर पर।
- Cognitive: यह शब्द थोड़ा जटिल हो सकता है। सही उच्चारण 'कॉग्निटिव' हैं।
- Entanglement: इसे सही तरीके से कहने में आपको अभ्यास की आवश्यकता हो सकती है, यह 'एंटैंगलमेंट' हैं।
- Intelligence: इसे समझने के लिए आप इसे 'इंटेलिजेंस' के तौर पर ध्यान पूर्वक सुनें।
इन उच्चारणों पर ध्यान देने से आप अंग्रेजी उच्चारण में सुधार कर सकते हैं और अपने संवाद कौशल को और भी बढ़ा सकते हैं। आप इस वीडियो के माध्यम से shadowspeak तकनीक का उपयोग करते हुए अपने उच्चारण को बेहतर बनाने का अनूठा मौका प्राप्त कर सकते हैं।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।
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