跟读练习: English Verb Tenses Guide - Learn About Simple, Perfect, and Continuous Tenses - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Hi I'm Martin.
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Welcome to Oxford Online English.
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In this lesson you can learn about English verb tenses.
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Are you confused about your simple, perfect and continuous tenses?
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Do you know how many verb tenses there are in English?
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In this lesson, you can get a big picture understanding of English verb tenses.
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You’ll learn what connects English verb forms, which will make it easier for you to learn and understand verb tenses in English.
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Let's start with an overview of the topic so that you understand what you're dealing with.
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Every English verb form has two parts.
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The first part is the time: past, present or future.
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The second part is the aspect: simple, continuous, perfect, or perfect continuous.
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So, there are three times and four aspects.
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You can combine these in twelve different ways.
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Pause the video if you want more time to look at the table.
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Let’s do a quick test.
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Can you recognise these three verb forms?
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I was having dinner this time yesterday.
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He’s been sitting there for hours.
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Where will you be next week?
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Do you know the answers?
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Let’s check!
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In the first sentence, the time is past, and the aspect is continuous: it’s past continuous.
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In the second sentence, the time is present, and the aspect is perfect continuous: it’s present perfect continuous.
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In the third sentence, the time is future, and the aspect is simple: it’s future simple.
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You don’t need to remember all of this now.
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What you should remember: all English verb forms are made of these two parts: time plus aspect.
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One more point: different teachers, books and courses sometimes use different words for these things.
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For example, some books use the word ‘progressive’ instead of ‘continuous’.
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So, instead of ‘present continuous’, they say ‘present progressive’.
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Other words have the same problem.
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For example, the words ‘tense’ and ‘aspect’ are used in different ways by different people.
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Our advice?
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Don’t think too much about the words.
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Focus on the ideas.
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I understand it can be confusing, but this is really not your problem that people don’t use these words consistently!
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Next, let’s talk more about time.
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I said we’re going to talk about past, present and future, but really, we’re mostly going to talk about the future.
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Why—why is the future different?
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English verbs have past and present forms.
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For example: be – was do – did want – wanted So, to make a present form past, just change the present verb to the past verb, like this: I go shopping once a week.
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→ I went shopping once a week.
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She’s running in the park.
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→ She was running in the park.
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We haven’t seen it yet.
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→ We hadn’t seen it yet.
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It doesn’t matter if the aspect is simple, continuous, perfect or perfect continuous.
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Using a present or a past verb decides whether the meaning is present or past.
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That’s almost too simple, right?
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But what about the future?
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There are no future verb forms; you can’t change the verb to make it future.
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So, you have to add something before the verb.
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For example: I’ll be waiting for you outside the station.
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When are you going to tell her?
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He might join us later.
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Now, you can see why the future is more complicated.
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There are many things you can add before the verb to give it a future meaning.
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You saw examples with will, be going to and might, but there are other possibilities.
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It’s also very common to use present verb forms with a future meaning, like this: What are you doing this weekend?
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Class starts at 10:00.
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So, talking about the future is more complex.
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There isn’t one way to give a verb a future meaning in English, and there’s also a large overlap between the present and the future.
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What should you remember from all this?
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Remember that every verb has only one past form, and only one present form, but there are many possible future forms.
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There isn’t one ‘future tense’ in English.
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Now, let’s talk about aspect.
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Look at three sentences: I went to Rome last year.
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I go to work by bus.
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I’ll go with you.
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What are these three verb forms?
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They’re all simple: past simple, present simple, and future simple.
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You can see that for the past and present simple, you just use the present or past form of the verb, without adding anything.
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For the future simple, you need to add something, like will or going to.
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In general, simple verb forms describe two things: One: single actions.
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Two: repeated actions or states.
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So, I went to Rome or I’ll go with you describe single actions in the past or the future.
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I go to work by bus describes a repeated action in the present.
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The present simple can’t generally be used to talk about single actions.
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The present simple generally expresses repeated actions or states.
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The past and future simple can be used to talk about single actions, repeated actions or states.
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For example: I went to Rome every year until 2012.
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I’ll go with you on Tuesday and Wednesday, but I can’t on Thursday.
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So, what about continuous verb forms?
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Let’s start with three examples: I was eating dinner at seven o’clock last night.
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I’m eating a tuna sandwich.
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This time next week, I’ll be eating fresh seafood on an island!
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These three sentences are all continuous: past continuous, present continuous and future continuous.
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Can you see what connects them?
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First, all continuous forms use the verb be, together with an -ing verb.
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So, to make a continuous form, take the verb be in the past, present or future, then add your main verb with -ing on the end.
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For example: She was telling me a really interesting story.
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They aren’t helping at all.
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It’ll be getting dark at five o’clock.
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What about the meaning of continuous forms?
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Can you see what connects these examples?
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Continuous forms describe things which are incomplete.
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Generally, continuous forms are used to talk about one moment in time.
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So, you say I was eating dinner at seven o’clock last night because you’re talking about a moment in time (seven o’clock), and something incomplete—you hadn’t finished your dinner at that moment.
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In the sentence She was telling me a really interesting story, you’re talking about a moment in time when she was in the middle of her story.
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You use a continuous form because, at that moment, she hadn’t finished her story.
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Okay, but what about perfect verb forms?
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Again, let’s start with some examples: He hadn’t finished speaking.
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She’s finished all her homework.
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We‘ll have finished everything by Friday.
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What do you notice?
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All perfect tenses use the verb have in the past, present or future form.
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After have, you use a past participle to make the perfect form.
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So, for example, to make the past perfect, you take the past form of have, which is had, and add a past participle.
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For example: We hadn’t thought about it.
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I had never tried miso soup before.
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For the future perfect, take the future form of have, which could be will have, and add a past participle, like this: I’ll have finished all my exams by this time next year.
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What about the meaning of perfect verb forms?
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Can you see anything which connects these three sentences?
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Perfect verb forms connect two points in time.
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For example, He hadn’t finished speaking is past perfect.
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This connects two different times or actions in the past.
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To understand this, you need a longer sentence with more information.
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For example: He hadn’t finished speaking when everybody started to leave.
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The perfect form connects the two different actions.
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This is the best way to think about perfect verb forms: perfect verb forms connect two points in time.
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How does this work in the present?
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This is present perfect.
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What two points in time does this connect?
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It connects the present and the past.
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She’s finished her homework in the past (before now), and now her homework is done and ready to be checked (in the present).
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What about the future?
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This is the future perfect.
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In this case, it connects the present to a point in the future.
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When you say We’ll have finished everything by Friday, you mean that you’ll finish everything some time between now and Friday.
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You don’t know exactly when you’ll finish everything, but you know that it will be somewhere in this period between now and the future.
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Finally, let’s look at perfect continuous forms.
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Here are three examples to begin: She’d been feeling much better.
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We’ve been waiting for ages.
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By the end of the day, we’ll have been working without a break for 14 hours.
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What do you notice?
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You can see that perfect continuous forms are a mix of the perfect and the continuous, which is logical, right?
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They’re perfect forms because they use a form of have plus a past participle, which in perfect continuous verb forms is always the same: been.
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They’re continuous forms because they use be plus a main verb with -ing.
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How do you set the time of a perfect continuous form?
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You set the time by changing the form of have.
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Use a past, present or future form of have, plus been, plus a verb with -ing.
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Let’s practise!
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Here’s a sentence in the present simple.
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I walk through the forest.
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Can you change this sentence into the three perfect continuous forms: past, present and future?
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Pause the video and try it!
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Ready? Let’s check your answers: I had been walking through the forest.
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I’ve been walking through the forest.
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I will have been walking through the forest.
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Did you get them right?
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Next, let’s talk about the meaning of perfect continuous forms.
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Again, the meaning is a combination of the two aspects: perfect and continuous.
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So, the meaning is perfect because these forms connect two points in time.
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I had been walking through the forest...
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...when something else happened.
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For example: I had been walking through the forest for hours before I realised I was lost.
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Like you saw before, the perfect aspect is used to connect two points in the past.
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What about the continuous side?
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What meaning does that add?
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It adds the idea of something incomplete or temporary.
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If you say, She’d been feeling much better, this suggests she was feeling ill either before or after she was feeling better.
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If you say, We’ve been waiting for ages, you mean that you still haven’t got what you came for.
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The action—waiting—is incomplete.
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If you say, By the end of the day, we’ll have been working without a break for 14 hours, you mean that your work still won’t be finished at the end of the day.
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The past and future perfect continuous forms are rare, but you still need them sometimes.
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Okay, so now you’ve seen an overview of all the English verb forms.
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First of all, remember that this lesson is meant to give you the big picture.
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You’ve seen what connects different English verb tenses, and how verb forms are different from each other.
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However, you’ve seen the most general connections and differences.
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This can help you to understand English verb forms, but remember that every English verb form has its own specific uses and meanings.
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Want more practice for this topic?
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Make sure you check out the full version of this lesson on our website.
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It includes a quiz to help you review and practice what you've learned in this class.
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That’s all from us.
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Thanks for watching!
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See you next time!
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 B2 级别的口语课以视频“English Verb Tenses Guide - Learn About Simple, Perfect, and Continuous Tenses”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：verb, continuous, perfect, present, simple。 这段视频共有 175 个句子、1937 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 17:03。 说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 114 个词，很适合跟读。 87% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇容易理解。 全部 175 个句子中有 33 个是问句，适合练习疑问语调和简短回答。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 14 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| verb 名词 | /vɝb/ | 動詞 /动词 |
| tense 名词 | /tɛns/ | 時態 /时态, 時制 /时制 |
| participle 名词 | /ˈpɑɹtɪˌsɪpəl/ | 分詞 /分词 |
| incomplete 形容词 | /ɪn.kəmˈpliːt/ | 不完整的, 不完全的 |
| homework 名词 | /ˈhoʊmˌwɝk/ | 作業 /作业, 家庭作業 /家庭作业 |
| pause 名词 | /pɔːz/ | 停頓 /停顿, 暫停 /暂停 |
| overview 名词 | /ˈoʊ.vɚˌvjuː/ | 概觀 /概观 |
| tuna 名词 | /ˈtjuː.nə/ | 金槍魚 /金枪鱼 |
| seafood 名词 | /ˈsiːfuːd/ | 海鮮 /海鲜, 海產食品 /海产食品 |
| confuse 动词 | /kənˈfjuːz/ | 讓……困惑 /让……困惑 |
| overlap 动词 | /ˌəʊvəˈlæp/ | 重叠 |
| quiz 名词 | /kwɪz/ | 測驗 /测验, 競猜 /竞猜 |
| combine 动词 | /kəmˈbaɪn/ | 結合 /结合, 組合 /组合 |
| soup 名词 | /sup/ | 湯 /汤 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| check out 动词 | 退房 |
值得反复跟读的句子
视频中简短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常对话里：
- Can you recognise these three verb forms?
- Where will you be next week?
- Do you know the answers?
- When are you going to tell her?
- What should you remember from all this?
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 现在完成进行时 have/has been + -ing — 以前开始、现在仍在继续的动作 | He's been sitting · We've been waiting · I've been walking |
| 条件句 if + 从句，will/would + 动词 — 条件及其结果 | If you say, She'd been |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | haven't seen · have finished · you've seen |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | are made · is had · was lost |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 53 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 hadn't, I'll, don't。请按听到的简短形式来说。
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: verb /vɝb/, overview /ˈoʊ.vɚˌvjuː/, overlap /ˌəʊvəˈlæp/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: verb /vɝb/, tense /tɛns/, incomplete /ɪn.kəmˈpliːt/, homework /ˈhoʊmˌwɝk/, pause /pɔːz/
- /æ/ — 嘴张大，不要读成 /e/: overlap /ˌəʊvəˈlæp/, sandwich /ˈsæn(d).wɪd͡ʒ/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 verb, tense, participle 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。