跟读练习: PASSIVE VOICE - English Grammar step-by-step - 通过视频学习英语口语
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What is the passive voice?
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When do we use the passive voice?
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And how can I easily change the active voice to the passive voice?
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I'm Arnelle from Arnelle's Everyday English and today I'm going to answer these three questions step by step.
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Today's lesson plan is what is the passive voice, the grammatical structure, when to use the passive voice,
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plus an important study tip, transforming from the active to the passive.
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Some sentences cannot be transformed into the passive.
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I'll tell you why.
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So there's going to be a lot of information in this lesson.
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Get ready to take notes.
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Let's begin.
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What is the passive voice?
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The passive voice is the opposite of the active voice.
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Active.
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Everybody loves chocolate.
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Passive chocolate is loved by everybody active the lifeguard saved
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a man passive a man was saved by the lifeguard active decorators are painting my house passive
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my house is being painted okay here are three examples of the passive now Let's look at this grammar in more detail.
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Step two, the grammatical structure.
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When you form the passive, you need B plus a past participle.
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Here are the forms of B.
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There's a lot.
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Am, are, is in the present.
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Was, were in the past you can use being with perfect tenses
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and being in continuous tenses you need a form of this plus
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that past participle
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which is verb number three eat ate eaten eaten is my past participle play played played played is my past participle
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The three sentences from earlier, they all have be and that past participle.
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So, let's compare two sentences.
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This bottle of ketchup has already been opened.
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I have been tired for weeks. Which sentence is passive?
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Right.
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The first one.
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Why?
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Because I have the B and the past participle.
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In the second sentence, I have be, which is great, but I don't have a past participle.
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Tired is an adjective, so that sentence isn't a passive.
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So all of remember the passive has B and past participle.
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Step number three.
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Why do we use the passive?
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1. When the action is more important
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or interesting than the person who does the action one million
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pounds were donated to the children's hospital wow one million pounds
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that's a lot of money this is very interesting who donated the money it's not important i'm interested in the information here
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active the prime minister donated 1 million pounds to the children's
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hospital here wow it's the prime minister in the active sentence it's really important who does the action,
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but in the passive that's not important.
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Number two, the person who does the action is not known.
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or not important.
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This beautiful bridge was built in 1732. Who built the bridge?
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It's not important or I don't know.
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Active.
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John Taylor Thomas built this bridge in 1732.
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Imagine John Taylor Thomas is a famous architect, then that information is important.
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In the passive, not important, in the active, important.
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Number three, the person doing the action is obvious.
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Bill was arrested last night.
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Who arrested bill it's obvious the police arrested bill only the
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police can arrest someone active the police arrested bill last night you could definitely say that it's just different emphasis
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Number four, the object cannot do the action itself.
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100 chocolate cakes were sold on Sunday.
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Can a cake sell itself?
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Of course not.
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It needs to be the passive.
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If you want to say who does the action, you can use an agent.
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We form the agent using by plus person.
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The agent is optional.
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One million pounds were donated to the children's hospital by the Prime minister.
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By the prime minister is optional information.
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This beautiful bridge was built in 1732. By John Taylor Thomas.
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That's optional information.
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100 chocolate cakes were sold on Sunday by Jones's Bakery.
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Again, optional information.
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Important study tip!
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In a newspaper, I want you to highlight any form of the passive you see.
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I want you to ask yourself, why is the passive being used?
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Is it reason 1, 2, 3, or 4?
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You can also do this when you're watching a film.
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Use the subtitles to help you.
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Once you understand why the passive is being used, you can start using it confidently.
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Step number four, transforming an active sentence to a passive sentence.
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Active?
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Apple sells thousands of iPhones every day.
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How can I change this to the passive?
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Remember, you need B plus past participle.
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Thousands of iPhones are sold every day.
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Do I want the agent?
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Buy Apple?
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Buy Apple is reason number three.
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It's obvious.
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Only Apple sells iPhones.
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Apple sells thousands of iPhones every day.
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Thousands of iPhones are sold every day.
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Buy Apple.
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Each tense has its own passive structure.
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You need a list.
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Here, I have a list of the tenses, and you can see that B and the past participle.
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The tenses in red, present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, do not have a natural a passive form.
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Don't try to form the passive using the red tenses.
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Now I don't want you to think, oh there are so many structures for me to memorize.
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step one you recognize the passive step two you understand the passive
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and step three you use the passive whichever step you're on is fine
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oh how are you feeling i hope you're feeling like this and not like this
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I have one more important piece of information to tell you about the passive.
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Intransitive verbs cannot be made into the passive.
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What is an intransitive verb?
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An intransitive verb does not have an object.
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I bought a coffee.
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Buy is a transitive verb.
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It needs an object.
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In this case, coffee.
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I arrived late.
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Here, arrived is an intransitive verb.
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It doesn't need an object.
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I arrived is fine.
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There's no object needed.
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It's intransitive.
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So sentence number one, if I want to make it the passive, a coffee was bought.
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Perfect.
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Sentence number two, it's not possible.
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In transitive verbs, no passive.
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Fantastic, well done.
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If you want a list of all the passive formations plus examples, you can go to my website.
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I'll leave the link in the description for you.
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There you have it.
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If you want more videos, don't forget to subscribe and I'll see you very soon for another lesson.
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Thank you.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这段视频共有 127 个句子、1053 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 12:28。 说话人语速较慢，每分钟约 84 个词，你有足够的时间模仿每一个音。 83% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个不太常见的单词，附发音和释义：
- passive /ˈpæs.ɪv/ (形容词) — 被動 /被动. Being subjected to an action without producing a reaction.
- verb /vɝb/ (名词) — 動詞 /动词. A word that indicates an action, event, or state of being.
- tense /tɛns/ (名词) — 時態 /时态, 時制 /时制. The property of indicating the point in time at which an action or state of being occurs or exists.
- donate /ˈdoʊˌneɪt/ (动词) — 捐獻 /捐献, 捐贈 /捐赠. To make a donation; to give away something of value to support or contribute towards a cause or for the benefit of another.
- lesson /ˈlɛs.ən/ (名词) — 課業 /课业, -課 /-课. A section of learning or teaching into which a wider learning content is divided.
- arrive /əˈɹaɪv/ (动词) — 到達 /到达, 到. To reach; to get to a certain place.
- continuous /kənˈtɪn.juː.əs/ (形容词) — 連續的 /连续的, 不斷的 /不断的. Without stopping; without a break, cessation, or interruption.
- transform /tɹænsˈfɔɹm/ (动词) — 變換 /变换, 變形 /变形. To change greatly the appearance or form of.
- compare /kəmˈpɛɚ/ (动词) — 比, 比較 /比较. To assess the similarities and differences between two or more things [“to compare X with Y”]. Having made the comparison of X with Y, one might have found it…
- highlight /ˈhaɪˌlaɪt/ (动词) — 凸顯 /凸显, 強調 /强调. To make prominent; emphasize.
- emphasis /ˈɛmfəsɪs/ (名词) — 強調 /强调. Special weight or forcefulness given to something considered important.
- grammar /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/ (名词) — 語法 /语法, 文法. A system of rules and principles for the structure of a language, or of languages in general.
- architect /ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛkt/ (名词) — 締造者 /缔造者, 創造者 /创造者. A professional who designs buildings or other structures, or who prepares plans and superintends construction.
- subscribe /səbˈskɹaɪb/ (动词) — 簽署 /签署. To write (one’s name) at the bottom of a document; to sign (one's name).
- participle /ˈpɑɹtɪˌsɪpəl/ (名词) — 分詞 /分词. A form of a verb that may function as an adjective, noun or adverb. English has two types of participles: the present participle and the past participle. In…
视频中出现的短语动词
- look at (动词) — 觀察 /观察, 看. To observe or watch.
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 16 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 don't, I'll, I'm。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- 长单词——注意重音位置: continuous /kənˈtɪn.juː.əs/, participle /ˈpɑɹtɪˌsɪpəl/, intransitive /ɪnˈtɹænsətɪv/, grammatical /ɡɹəˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, confidently /ˈkɑnfɪdəntli/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 passive, verb, tense 这类单词。
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | cannot be transformed · is loved · was saved |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | has already been opened · have been tired |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | person who does |
| 现在进行时 am/is/are + -ing — 此刻或近期正在发生的事 | are painting · is being · you're watching |
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。