跟讀練習: PASSIVE VOICE - English Grammar step-by-step - 通過影片學習英語口語

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What is the passive voice?

When do we use the passive voice?

And how can I easily change the active voice to the passive voice?

I'm Arnelle from Arnelle's Everyday English and today I'm going to answer these three questions step by step.

Today's lesson plan is what is the passive voice, the grammatical structure, when to use the passive voice,

plus an important study tip, transforming from the active to the passive.

Some sentences cannot be transformed into the passive.

I'll tell you why.

So there's going to be a lot of information in this lesson.

Get ready to take notes.

Let's begin.

What is the passive voice?

The passive voice is the opposite of the active voice.

Active.

Everybody loves chocolate.

Passive chocolate is loved by everybody active the lifeguard saved

a man passive a man was saved by the lifeguard active decorators are painting my house passive

my house is being painted okay here are three examples of the passive now Let's look at this grammar in more detail.

Step two, the grammatical structure.

When you form the passive, you need B plus a past participle.

Here are the forms of B.

There's a lot.

Am, are, is in the present.

Was, were in the past you can use being with perfect tenses

and being in continuous tenses you need a form of this plus

that past participle

which is verb number three eat ate eaten eaten is my past participle play played played played is my past participle

The three sentences from earlier, they all have be and that past participle.

So, let's compare two sentences.

This bottle of ketchup has already been opened.

I have been tired for weeks. Which sentence is passive?

Right.

The first one.

Why?

Because I have the B and the past participle.

In the second sentence, I have be, which is great, but I don't have a past participle.

Tired is an adjective, so that sentence isn't a passive.

So all of remember the passive has B and past participle.

Step number three.

Why do we use the passive?

1. When the action is more important

or interesting than the person who does the action one million

pounds were donated to the children's hospital wow one million pounds

that's a lot of money this is very interesting who donated the money it's not important i'm interested in the information here

active the prime minister donated 1 million pounds to the children's

hospital here wow it's the prime minister in the active sentence it's really important who does the action,

but in the passive that's not important.

Number two, the person who does the action is not known.

or not important.

This beautiful bridge was built in 1732. Who built the bridge?

It's not important or I don't know.

Active.

John Taylor Thomas built this bridge in 1732.

Imagine John Taylor Thomas is a famous architect, then that information is important.

In the passive, not important, in the active, important.

Number three, the person doing the action is obvious.

Bill was arrested last night.

Who arrested bill it's obvious the police arrested bill only the

police can arrest someone active the police arrested bill last night you could definitely say that it's just different emphasis

Number four, the object cannot do the action itself.

100 chocolate cakes were sold on Sunday.

Can a cake sell itself?

Of course not.

It needs to be the passive.

If you want to say who does the action, you can use an agent.

We form the agent using by plus person.

The agent is optional.

One million pounds were donated to the children's hospital by the Prime minister.

By the prime minister is optional information.

This beautiful bridge was built in 1732. By John Taylor Thomas.

That's optional information.

100 chocolate cakes were sold on Sunday by Jones's Bakery.

Again, optional information.

Important study tip!

In a newspaper, I want you to highlight any form of the passive you see.

I want you to ask yourself, why is the passive being used?

Is it reason 1, 2, 3, or 4?

You can also do this when you're watching a film.

Use the subtitles to help you.

Once you understand why the passive is being used, you can start using it confidently.

Step number four, transforming an active sentence to a passive sentence.

Active?

Apple sells thousands of iPhones every day.

How can I change this to the passive?

Remember, you need B plus past participle.

Thousands of iPhones are sold every day.

Do I want the agent?

Buy Apple?

Buy Apple is reason number three.

It's obvious.

Only Apple sells iPhones.

Apple sells thousands of iPhones every day.

Thousands of iPhones are sold every day.

Buy Apple.

Each tense has its own passive structure.

You need a list.

Here, I have a list of the tenses, and you can see that B and the past participle.

The tenses in red, present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, do not have a natural a passive form.

Don't try to form the passive using the red tenses.

100

Now I don't want you to think, oh there are so many structures for me to memorize.

101

step one you recognize the passive step two you understand the passive

102

and step three you use the passive whichever step you're on is fine

103

oh how are you feeling i hope you're feeling like this and not like this

104

I have one more important piece of information to tell you about the passive.

105

Intransitive verbs cannot be made into the passive.

106

What is an intransitive verb?

107

An intransitive verb does not have an object.

108

I bought a coffee.

109

Buy is a transitive verb.

110

It needs an object.

111

In this case, coffee.

112

I arrived late.

113

Here, arrived is an intransitive verb.

114

It doesn't need an object.

115

I arrived is fine.

116

There's no object needed.

117

It's intransitive.

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So sentence number one, if I want to make it the passive, a coffee was bought.

119

Perfect.

120

Sentence number two, it's not possible.

121

In transitive verbs, no passive.

122

Fantastic, well done.

123

If you want a list of all the passive formations plus examples, you can go to my website.

124

I'll leave the link in the description for you.

125

There you have it.

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If you want more videos, don't forget to subscribe and I'll see you very soon for another lesson.

127

Thank you.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這段影片共有 127 個句子、1053 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 12:28。說話人語速較慢，每分鐘約 84 個詞，你有足夠的時間模仿每一個音。 83% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個不太常見的單詞，附發音和釋義：

passive /ˈpæs.ɪv/ (形容詞) — 被動 /被動. Being subjected to an action without producing a reaction.
verb /vɝb/ (名詞) — 動詞 /動詞. A word that indicates an action, event, or state of being.
tense /tɛns/ (名詞) — 時態 /時態, 時制 /時制. The property of indicating the point in time at which an action or state of being occurs or exists.
donate /ˈdoʊˌneɪt/ (動詞) — 捐獻 /捐獻, 捐贈 /捐贈. To make a donation; to give away something of value to support or contribute towards a cause or for the benefit of another.
lesson /ˈlɛs.ən/ (名詞) — 課業 /課業, -課 /-課. A section of learning or teaching into which a wider learning content is divided.
arrive /əˈɹaɪv/ (動詞) — 到達 /到達, 到. To reach; to get to a certain place.
continuous /kənˈtɪn.juː.əs/ (形容詞) — 連續的 /連續的, 不斷的 /不斷的. Without stopping; without a break, cessation, or interruption.
transform /tɹænsˈfɔɹm/ (動詞) — 變換 /變換, 變形 /變形. To change greatly the appearance or form of.
compare /kəmˈpɛɚ/ (動詞) — 比, 比較 /比較. To assess the similarities and differences between two or more things [“to compare X with Y”]. Having made the comparison of X with Y, one might have found it…
highlight /ˈhaɪˌlaɪt/ (動詞) — 凸顯 /凸顯, 強調 /強調. To make prominent; emphasize.
emphasis /ˈɛmfəsɪs/ (名詞) — 強調 /強調. Special weight or forcefulness given to something considered important.
grammar /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/ (名詞) — 語法 /語法, 文法. A system of rules and principles for the structure of a language, or of languages in general.
architect /ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛkt/ (名詞) — 締造者 /締造者, 創造者 /創造者. A professional who designs buildings or other structures, or who prepares plans and superintends construction.
subscribe /səbˈskɹaɪb/ (動詞) — 簽署 /簽署. To write (one’s name) at the bottom of a document; to sign (one's name).
participle /ˈpɑɹtɪˌsɪpəl/ (名詞) — 分詞 /分詞. A form of a verb that may function as an adjective, noun or adverb. English has two types of participles: the present participle and the past participle. In…

影片中出現的短語動詞

look at (動詞) — 觀察 /觀察, 看. To observe or watch.

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 16 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 don't, I'll, I'm。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

長單詞——注意重音位置: continuous /kənˈtɪn.juː.əs/, participle /ˈpɑɹtɪˌsɪpəl/, intransitive /ɪnˈtɹænsətɪv/, grammatical /ɡɹəˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, confidently /ˈkɑnfɪdəntli/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 passive, verb, tense 這類單詞。

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	cannot be transformed · is loved · was saved
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	has already been opened · have been
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	person who does
現在進行時 am/is/are + -ing — 此刻或近期正在發生的事	are painting · is being · you're watching

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: PASSIVE VOICE - English Grammar step-by-step - 通過影片學習英語口語

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