📘 英語語法

現在用 am/is/are，過去用 was/were + 名詞、形容詞或地點——說明是誰、是什麼、在哪裡

there is/are + 名詞 — 表示某物存在或在某處

have/has got + 名詞 — 擁有某物

I work, she works, do you work?, he doesn't——習慣、日常和一貫如此的事

am/is/are + -ing — 此刻或近期正在發生的事

I work vs I'm working；know, want, like 很少用 -ing——習慣或事實 vs 正在發生的事

do/does/did + 主語 + 動詞 — 一般時態的提問

So do I, Neither can I, I think so, I hope not — 用助動詞或 so/not 的簡短回答

Let's + 動詞，Don't + 動詞 — 提議或要求別人做某事

can/could + 動詞 — 能做的事，或過去能做的事

be able to + 動詞 — 任何時態下的能力

worked, did you work?, didn't work——過去某個時間已完成的動作

went, saw, took… — 用不規則動詞表示已完成的過去動作

was/were + -ing — 過去某一時刻正在進行的動作

I–me–my–mine, Lan's, a friend of mine, my own——誰做事、東西屬於誰

myself, yourself, themselves, by myself, each other — 指與主語相同的人

this book, those shoes, the blue one——指近處和遠處的東西，不必重複名詞

a/an 指眾多中的一個或新出現的事物，the 指雙方都已知道的那個

a car, two cars vs water, advice, information——哪些名詞能加 a/an 和複數 -s

some 用於肯定句、提議和請求，any 用於大多數疑問句和否定句——不具體說明的數量

a few / a little, much / many, a lot of, plenty of, none of — 表示數量多少

at 7 o'clock, on Monday, in the morning / in 2020 — 哪個介詞搭配哪種時間

in the box, on the wall, at the door, next to, between, opposite——說明東西在哪裡

go to work, arrive at / in, get into the car, out of the room——說明往哪裡去

and 表示補充，but 表示轉折，or 表示選擇，so 表示結果，because 表示原因

am/is/are + -ing + 將來時間 — 已經安排好的事

The bus leaves at 8. The class starts on Monday——將來固定的時間和日程

be going to + 動詞 — 計劃或明顯即將發生的事

will + 動詞 — 決定、承諾或預測

would like / 'd like + to 動詞 — 禮貌地說出想要的

Could you…? Would you mind…? Can I…? Would you like…? — 禮貌地詢問

Shall we…? Why don't we…? How about -ing? — 建議做某事

should + 動詞 — 表示應該做的事

表示某事是必要的

don't have to / don't need to / needn't + 動詞 — 某事沒有必要

how to…, what to…, where to… — 疑問詞後接 to

Who called you? vs Who did you call?——who/what 作主語時不用 do/does/did

-er than / more … than — 比較兩個事物

much better, a bit cheaper, far more expensive — 差別有多大

the -est / the most … — 一組中最高或最低的

the best … I've ever…, the biggest in the world, the most … of all

as + 形容詞 + as — 說兩者相同

too + 形容詞 + to 動詞，形容詞 + enough + to 動詞 — 過於或足夠

have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事

have just / already / never + V3, haven't … yet — 動作剛完成、已完成，或是否發生過

for + 一段時間，since + 起始時間，時間 + ago — 多久、從何時起、多久以前

I've lost my key（與現在有關）vs I lost it yesterday（已結束的時間）

have/has been + -ing — 以前開始、現在仍在繼續的動作

had + 過去分詞 — 在過去另一時刻之前完成的動作

had been + -ing——一直持續到過去某一時刻的活動

used to + 動詞 — 過去的習慣或狀態，現在已不再如此

would 用於假想情況、禮貌的願望、過去的習慣以及過去將來

was/were going to + 動詞 — 過去的打算，常常沒有實現

will be + -ing — 將來某一時刻正在進行的動作

will have + V3 — 在將來某一時刻之前完成的動作

when / as soon as / until + 一般現在時，… will — 這些詞後用現在時表示將來

if + 從句，will/would + 動詞 — 條件及其結果

might/may + 動詞 — 有可能但不確定的事

must be / can't be — 確信某事一定是或不可能是真的

be supposed/about/likely to + 動詞 — 預期、即將、可能

would rather + 動詞，had better + 動詞 — 偏好和強烈建議

be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的

get + V3 — got fired, get paid：某事發生在某人身上

have/get + 賓語 + V3 — 請別人做某事

said / told 某人 (that) + 從句，asked if — 轉述別人的話

Do you know where … is? I wonder what … — 句中的疑問部分用陳述句語序

…, isn't it? / …, don't you? — 句末用來確認的短問句

enjoy、keep、stop… + -ing — 後接 -ing 形式的動詞

decide / manage / seem / try + to 動詞 — 後接 to 的動詞

remember doing vs remember to do——接 -ing 或 to 時意思不同的動詞

want/ask/tell + 人 + to 動詞 — 希望某人做的事

make/let + 人 + 動詞 — 使某人或允許某人做某事

see/hear/watch + 人 + 動詞或 -ing — 看到或聽到某人的動作

by / without / before / after + -ing — 介詞後的動詞用 -ing

be/get used to + -ing 或名詞 — 習慣於

it's hard to…, I'm happy to…, nice to meet you — 後接 to 的形容詞

in order to, so as to, so that + can/will — 說明某人做某事的原因

it takes + 時間/精力 + to 動詞 — 某事需要什麼

The thing is…, What I mean is…, It's worth -ing — 用來引出句子的固定說法

children vs the children, school vs the school, the old, play the guitar——泛指 vs 特指

Vietnam vs the USA, Mount Fansipan vs the Alps, Hang Bai Street vs the Hilton——哪些名稱要加 the

the police are, a pair of jeans, the news is, two hundred dollars is——單複數出人意料的名詞

a bus driver, a ten-minute walk, a coffee cup——用一個名詞修飾另一個名詞

my sister's name, the end of the film, today's news——表示屬於誰或屬於什麼

There's no milk, none of them, any colour you like, nobody came——表示零，以及“哪個都行”

most people vs most of the people, all of us, none of them——一個群體中的多少

both … and, either … or, neither … nor, both/either/neither of — 同時談及兩者

every day vs all day, each of them, the whole book——整體還是逐個

bored vs boring, interested vs interesting — 自己的感受與引起感受的事物

a nice new red car; you look tired, it smells good——形容詞放在哪裡

quick vs quickly, good vs well, hard vs hardly——描述事物 vs 描述做事的方式

quite good, pretty easy, rather cold, fairly sure——程度比 very 弱

I like coffee very much; we went to Hue last year; she always / often / never…

still waiting, not any more, not yet, already done, even on Sundays——時間與意外

on time = 準時，in time = 及時；at the end of = 在……末尾，in the end = 最終

by car, by mistake, by 5 o'clock, a book by Nguyen Du, by the window——by 的主要用法

good at, interested in, afraid of, worried about — 與固定介詞搭配的形容詞

depend on, listen to, wait for, deal with — 與固定介詞搭配的動詞

the reason for, a solution to, an increase in — 與固定介詞搭配的名詞

give up, find out, end up, come up with — 動詞 + 小品詞，具有獨立的含義

who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物

whose + 名詞，the place where…, the day when…, the reason why… — 修飾名詞的更多方式

so + 形容詞 + that，such a + 名詞 + that — 原因及其結果

although/even though + 從句，despite/in spite of + 名詞或 -ing — 表示轉折

As I was leaving, the phone rang. As it was late, we took a taxi.

like = 像……，as = 作為……：she works as a nurse; she sings like a bird

as if / as though + 從句 — 好像、彷彿

during + 名詞，while + 從句 — 在……期間、與……同時

by + 時間（最遲在……之前），until + 時間（一直到……），by the time…

unless, in case, as long as, provided that, even if — 表達條件的其他方式

if + 過去式，would + 動詞 — 對現在或將來的假想情況

if + had + V3, would have + V3 — 對過去的假設及其結果

wish / if only + 過去式或過去完成式 — 遺憾或不真實的願望

must / might / should + have + V3 — 對過去事件的推測或評判

it is said/believed that…, be thought/known to… — 轉述人們的說法或看法

the + 比較級, the + 比較級 — 兩者一起變化

not only … but (also) … — 補充第二個更強的要點

Never have I…, Had I known… — 助動詞放在主語前以示強調

What I need is…, It was X that… — 把焦點放在某一部分

Having finished…, Looking at… — 以 -ing 或 having + V3 開頭的簡短從句