間接引語

直接引語放在引號裡，原封不動地重複說話人的話。間接引語不用引號，只轉述意思：said / told + (that) + 從句。that 可以省略，口語中尤其常省略。記得相應地改變代詞。

• “I'm tired,” Minh said. → Minh said (that) he was tired.

  “我累了，”阿明說。→ 阿明說他累了。

• “I've lost my keys,” Lan told me. → Lan told me she had lost her keys.

  “我把鑰匙弄丟了，”阿蘭告訴我。→ 阿蘭告訴我她把鑰匙弄丟了。

當引述動詞是過去時（said, told, asked），間接引語從句中的動詞通常要往過去退一步。

Would, could, should, might, ought to 和過去完成時保持不變。

💡在 said / told 後面，問問自己這些話是什麼時候說的。如果是過去說的，而且情況已經結束了，就把時態後移：Minh said he was tired（不說：is tired）。

1. 引述動詞是現在時（says, tells, has said）—— 常用於馬上轉達訊息，或者說某人一貫說的話

• My brother says he lost his wallet on the bus this morning.

  我哥哥說他今天早上在公交車上把錢包弄丟了。

• The weather forecast says it's going to rain all weekend.

  天氣預報說整個週末都會下雨。

2. 現在仍然是真的 —— 時態可以後移，也可以不變

• Lan said she lives in Da Nang. / Lan said she lived in Da Nang.

  阿蘭說她住在峴港。（她現在還住在那裡 → 兩種都可以）

• The receptionist told us that the pool closes at nine.

  前臺告訴我們游泳池九點關門。

3. 但如果已經不再是真的，或者和現在的實際情況不一樣，就必須後移

• You said you didn't like durian, but you've eaten three pieces!

  你說過你不喜歡榴槤，可你已經吃了三塊了！（不說：you don't like）

如果你是在另一天或另一個地方轉述，時間和地點詞也要跟著變。如果還是同一天、同一個地方，就保持不變。

• Last week Nam said, “I'll call you tomorrow.” → Last week Nam said he would call me the next day.

  上週阿南說：“我明天給你打電話。”→ 上週阿南說他第二天會給我打電話。

• tell + 人（必須說出聽話的人）：She told me (that) she was busy. 不說 “told that…” 或 “told to me”。
• say + (that) + 從句，後面不直接跟聽話的人：She said (that) she was busy. 要提到聽話的人，用 say to + 人：He said to me that…（不如 told me 常用）。
• 固定搭配：tell the truth / a lie / a story / a joke / the time；say hello / goodbye / sorry / something / no。
• 其他引述動詞：explain (to sb) that, promise (that), warn sb that, admit that, complain that, agree that。

• The waiter told us that the kitchen was closed.

  服務員告訴我們廚房已經關了。

• She promised she would never be late again.

  她保證再也不會遲到了。

• The guide warned us that the path was slippery.

  導遊提醒我們小路很滑。

轉述的疑問句要變成陳述句語序：主語在動詞前面，do / does / did 去掉，不用問號，時態照樣後移。

• 特殊疑問句：asked (+ 人) + 疑問詞 + 主語 + 動詞。
• 一般疑問句：asked (+ 人) + if / whether + 主語 + 動詞。
• 請求和命令：asked / told + 人 + (not) to + 動詞 —— 見“動詞 + 人 + to 不定式”一課。

• “Where do you live?” → She asked me where I lived.

  “你住在哪裡？”→ 她問我住在哪裡。

• “Where did you buy this jacket?” → My friend asked me where I had bought that jacket.

  “你這件夾克在哪兒買的？”→ 我朋友問我那件夾克是在哪兒買的。

• “Are you cooking?” → Mai asked if I was cooking.

  “你在做飯嗎？”→ 阿梅問我是不是在做飯。

• “Please wait here.” → The nurse asked us to wait there.

  “請在這裡等一下。”→ 護士讓我們在那裡等著。

• “Don't touch it!” → He told me not to touch it.

  “別碰它！”→ 他叫我別碰它。

💡Do you know where… is? 這類禮貌問句也用陳述句語序，但時態不後移——見“間接疑問句”一課。

• ✗She said me she was hungry.

  ✓She told me she was hungry.

  say 後面不能直接跟聽話的人；要用 tell + 人。

• ✗She told that she was busy.

  ✓She said that she was busy.

  tell 後面一定要有聽話的人：told me / told him。

• ✗The waiter told to us that the kitchen was closed.

  ✓The waiter told us that the kitchen was closed.

  tell + 人，中間不加 to。

• ✗He asked me where was the bus station.

  ✓He asked me where the bus station was.

  轉述的疑問句用陳述句語序。

• ✗Nam asked me did I want to join his team.

  ✓Nam asked me if I wanted to join his team.

  一般疑問句 → if/whether，不用 did。

• ✗My boss said he will give me a day off, but he forgot.

  ✓My boss said he would give me a day off, but he forgot.

  承諾是過去說的，而且沒有兌現 → will 變成 would。