间接引语

直接引语放在引号里，原封不动地重复说话人的话。间接引语不用引号，只转述意思：said / told + (that) + 从句。that 可以省略，口语中尤其常省略。记得相应地改变代词。

• “I'm tired,” Minh said. → Minh said (that) he was tired.

  “我累了，”阿明说。→ 阿明说他累了。

• “I've lost my keys,” Lan told me. → Lan told me she had lost her keys.

  “我把钥匙弄丢了，”阿兰告诉我。→ 阿兰告诉我她把钥匙弄丢了。

当引述动词是过去时（said, told, asked），间接引语从句中的动词通常要往过去退一步。

Would, could, should, might, ought to 和过去完成时保持不变。

💡在 said / told 后面，问问自己这些话是什么时候说的。如果是过去说的，而且情况已经结束了，就把时态后移：Minh said he was tired（不说：is tired）。

1. 引述动词是现在时（says, tells, has said）—— 常用于马上转达消息，或者说某人一贯说的话

• My brother says he lost his wallet on the bus this morning.

  我哥哥说他今天早上在公交车上把钱包弄丢了。

• The weather forecast says it's going to rain all weekend.

  天气预报说整个周末都会下雨。

2. 现在仍然是真的 —— 时态可以后移，也可以不变

• Lan said she lives in Da Nang. / Lan said she lived in Da Nang.

  阿兰说她住在岘港。（她现在还住在那里 → 两种都可以）

• The receptionist told us that the pool closes at nine.

  前台告诉我们游泳池九点关门。

3. 但如果已经不再是真的，或者和现在的实际情况不一样，就必须后移

• You said you didn't like durian, but you've eaten three pieces!

  你说过你不喜欢榴莲，可你已经吃了三块了！（不说：you don't like）

如果你是在另一天或另一个地方转述，时间和地点词也要跟着变。如果还是同一天、同一个地方，就保持不变。

• Last week Nam said, “I'll call you tomorrow.” → Last week Nam said he would call me the next day.

  上周阿南说：“我明天给你打电话。”→ 上周阿南说他第二天会给我打电话。

• tell + 人（必须说出听话的人）：She told me (that) she was busy. 不说 “told that…” 或 “told to me”。
• say + (that) + 从句，后面不直接跟听话的人：She said (that) she was busy. 要提到听话的人，用 say to + 人：He said to me that…（不如 told me 常用）。
• 固定搭配：tell the truth / a lie / a story / a joke / the time；say hello / goodbye / sorry / something / no。
• 其他引述动词：explain (to sb) that, promise (that), warn sb that, admit that, complain that, agree that。

• The waiter told us that the kitchen was closed.

  服务员告诉我们厨房已经关了。

• She promised she would never be late again.

  她保证再也不会迟到了。

• The guide warned us that the path was slippery.

  导游提醒我们小路很滑。

转述的疑问句要变成陈述句语序：主语在动词前面，do / does / did 去掉，不用问号，时态照样后移。

• 特殊疑问句：asked (+ 人) + 疑问词 + 主语 + 动词。
• 一般疑问句：asked (+ 人) + if / whether + 主语 + 动词。
• 请求和命令：asked / told + 人 + (not) to + 动词 —— 见“动词 + 人 + to 不定式”一课。

• “Where do you live?” → She asked me where I lived.

  “你住在哪里？”→ 她问我住在哪里。

• “Where did you buy this jacket?” → My friend asked me where I had bought that jacket.

  “你这件夹克在哪儿买的？”→ 我朋友问我那件夹克是在哪儿买的。

• “Are you cooking?” → Mai asked if I was cooking.

  “你在做饭吗？”→ 阿梅问我是不是在做饭。

• “Please wait here.” → The nurse asked us to wait there.

  “请在这里等一下。”→ 护士让我们在那里等着。

• “Don't touch it!” → He told me not to touch it.

  “别碰它！”→ 他叫我别碰它。

💡Do you know where… is? 这类礼貌问句也用陈述句语序，但时态不后移——见“间接疑问句”一课。

• ✗She said me she was hungry.

  ✓She told me she was hungry.

  say 后面不能直接跟听话的人；要用 tell + 人。

• ✗She told that she was busy.

  ✓She said that she was busy.

  tell 后面一定要有听话的人：told me / told him。

• ✗The waiter told to us that the kitchen was closed.

  ✓The waiter told us that the kitchen was closed.

  tell + 人，中间不加 to。

• ✗He asked me where was the bus station.

  ✓He asked me where the bus station was.

  转述的疑问句用陈述句语序。

• ✗Nam asked me did I want to join his team.

  ✓Nam asked me if I wanted to join his team.

  一般疑问句 → if/whether，不用 did。

• ✗My boss said he will give me a day off, but he forgot.

  ✓My boss said he would give me a day off, but he forgot.

  承诺是过去说的，而且没有兑现 → will 变成 would。