第 66 课 · 第 5 阶段: 被动、转述与疑问
间接疑问句
中级Indirect questions
构成与用法
Do you know where … is? I wonder what … — 句中的疑问部分用陈述句语序
1.形式
间接疑问句是放在另一个句子里的疑问句（Do you know…?、Could you tell me…?、I wonder…）。里面的疑问句用陈述句语序：疑问词 + 主语 + 动词，并且 do / does / did 去掉。
| 直接疑问句 | 间接疑问句 |
|---|---|
| Where is the bus stop? | Do you know where the bus stop is? |
| How much is this bag? | Could you tell me how much this bag is? |
| What time does the bank open? | Do you know what time the bank opens? |
| Why did she leave early? | I wonder why she left early. |
| Is the shop open on Sundays? | Do you know if the shop is open on Sundays? |
| Does this bus go to the airport? | Can you tell me whether this bus goes to the airport? |
does / did 去掉后，它们表示的时态转移到主要动词上：What time does it open? → … what time it opens. Why did she leave? → … why she left.
2.什么时候用
1. 礼貌地提问，尤其是对陌生人、顾客或上司 —— 比直接问更委婉
Excuse me, do you know where the nearest ATM is?
打扰一下，请问您知道最近的取款机在哪里吗？
Could you tell me how far it is to the airport?
能告诉我到机场有多远吗？
Would you mind telling me what you think of the plan?
您介意告诉我您对这个计划的看法吗？
2. 说出你想知道或不知道的事 —— 这些是陈述句，所以用句号结尾
I wonder what she wants for her birthday.
我在想她生日想要什么。
I have no idea where he went last night.
我完全不知道他昨晚去哪儿了。
I can't remember where I parked the car.
我想不起来我把车停在哪儿了。
- 疑问句开头（用 ?）：Do you know…? / Could you tell me…? / Can you tell me…? / Do you have any idea…? / Would you mind telling me…? / Can you remember…?
- 陈述句开头（用 .）：I wonder… / I don't know… / I'm not sure… / I have no idea… / I'd like to know… / I can't remember…
- 句末标点取决于外面的句子，而不是里面的疑问句。
3.一般疑问句：if / whether
一般疑问句没有疑问词，所以要加 if 或 whether。两者意思相同；whether 稍微正式一点，常和 or not 连用。
Do you know if the restaurant is open today?
你知道那家餐厅今天开不开门吗？
I'm not sure whether it will rain or not.
我不确定会不会下雨。
It depends on whether we have enough time.
这取决于我们有没有足够的时间。（介词后面只能用 whether）
I can't decide whether to buy it.
我拿不定主意要不要买。（to + 动词前面只能用 whether）
4.疑问词作主语时
如果 who / what / which 是主语，直接疑问句本身就已经是陈述句语序（没有 do/did），所以变成间接疑问句时什么都不用改。另见“主语疑问句与宾语疑问句”一课。
Who broke the window? → Do you know who broke the window?
谁打破了窗户？→ 你知道是谁打破了窗户吗？
What happened? → Can you tell me what happened?
发生了什么事？→ 你能告诉我发生了什么事吗？
但如果是 be + 名词，be 要移到句末：Who is that man? → Do you know who that man is?（不说：who is that man）。
间接疑问句不需要时态后移，因为你是现在在问：Do you know where she lives? 只有转述别人的问题时才后移：She asked me where I lived —— 见“间接引语”一课。
5.常见错误
Do you know where is the post office?Do you know where the post office is?
里面的疑问句用陈述句语序：主语 + 动词。
I wonder what does she want for her birthday.I wonder what she wants for her birthday.
去掉 does，主要动词加 -s。
Can you tell me does this bus go to Ben Thanh Market?Can you tell me if this bus goes to Ben Thanh Market?
一般疑问句 → if/whether + 陈述句。
Do you know how old is your grandfather?Do you know how old your grandfather is?
How old + 主语 + be。
Could you tell me where did you buy that jacket?Could you tell me where you bought that jacket?
去掉 did，主要动词用过去式。
I don't know where she's going?I don't know where she's going.
外面的句子是陈述句，所以用句号结尾。
例句
- Excuse me, do you know where the bus stop is?
- I wonder why he was so angry yesterday.
- Do you know where your sister works?
- Could you tell me how much this bag costs?
