第 67 课 · 第 5 阶段: 被动、转述与疑问
反意疑问句
中级Question tags
构成与用法
…, isn't it? / …, don't you? — 句末用来确认的短问句
1.形式
反意疑问句是在句末加上 逗号 + 助动词 + 代词。肯定句后面用否定的附加疑问；否定句后面用肯定的附加疑问。
| 助动词 | 肯定句 → 否定附加疑问 | 否定句 → 肯定附加疑问 |
|---|---|---|
| am / is / are | It's cold today, isn't it? | You aren't busy, are you? |
| do / does（一般现在时） | You like coffee, don't you? | He doesn't eat meat, does he? |
| did（一般过去时） | They left early, didn't they? | You didn't call, did you? |
| was / were | It was fun, wasn't it? | They weren't there, were they? |
| have / has（完成时） | You've met Lan, haven't you? | She hasn't finished, has she? |
| will | You'll come, won't you? | It won't rain, will it? |
| can / could / should… | Mai can swim, can't she? | You can't drive, can you? |
- 如果句子里有助动词（be, have, will, can…），就重复这个助动词。如果是一般现在时或一般过去时、没有助动词，就用 do / does / did。
- 附加疑问部分一定用代词：Your parents are teachers, aren't they? / This is your bag, isn't it?（this/that → it；these/those → they）。
- 否定的附加疑问总是用缩写形式：isn't it, don't you, haven't they。
- 注意 's 和 'd：She's tired → isn't she；She's finished → hasn't she；You'd better → hadn't you；You'd rather → wouldn't you。
中文一句“是不是？”“对吧？”可以加在任何句子后面，所以容易对每个句子都说 “isn't it?”。在标准英语中，附加疑问必须和句子的助动词、主语一致：You like coffee, don't you? 如果在随意的口语中想要一个简单的说法，right? 适用于任何句子：You like coffee, right?
2.什么时候用
1. 确认你认为是对的事
You're from Da Nang, aren't you?
你是岘港人，对吧？
The shop closes at nine, doesn't it?
这家店九点关门，是吧？
2. 聊天，引导对方表示同意 —— 常常聊天气、食物或你们都看到的东西
The weather is lovely today, isn't it?
今天天气真好，是不是？
That was a great film, wasn't it?
那部电影真棒，对吧？
3. 礼貌的请求：否定句 + 肯定附加疑问听起来谦虚、委婉
You couldn't lend me your charger, could you?
你能不能借我一下充电器？
You haven't seen my glasses, have you?
你没看到我的眼镜吧？
回答反意疑问句要根据事实，而不是看你是否同意对方：You don't eat meat, do you? —— No, I don't.（= 我不吃肉）/ Yes, I do.（= 我吃肉）。中文会说“对，我不吃”，但英语这里要说 No。
3.特殊情况
| 情况 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| I am → aren't I (I'm not → am I) | I'm late again, aren't I? / I'm not late, am I? |
| Let's → shall we | Let's go for a walk, shall we? |
| 祈使句 → will you / would you / could you | Pass me the salt, will you? / Don't forget to lock the door, will you? |
| never, nothing, nobody, hardly, rarely… = 否定 → 肯定附加疑问 | Your brother's never been abroad, has he? / Nothing went wrong, did it? |
| everyone, someone, nobody… → they | Everyone's here, aren't they? / Nobody called, did they? |
| everything, nothing → it | Everything is ready, isn't it? |
| there is / there are → there | There's a pharmacy near here, isn't there? |
| used to → didn't | Your grandfather used to be a teacher, didn't he? |
| have got → haven't / hasn't | You've got a new phone, haven't you? |
肯定句 + 肯定附加疑问（So you're moving to Hanoi, are you?）表示对刚听到的消息感到惊讶或感兴趣——这不是错误。
4.语调：升调还是降调
同一个附加疑问，句末语调下降 ↘ 还是上升 ↗，意思不一样。
- 降调 ↘：你比较确定，只是希望对方表示同意。
- 升调 ↗：你真的不确定，想要一个回答。
It's a beautiful day, isn't it? ↘
今天天气真好，是吧？（降调：期待对方同意）
You've been to Hue, haven't you? ↗
你去过顺化，对吗？（升调：真正的提问）
You haven't seen my keys, have you? ↗
你没看到我的钥匙吧？（升调：希望答案是肯定的）
5.常见错误
You like coffee, isn't it?You like coffee, don't you?
附加疑问跟随句子的助动词和主语：like → don't，you → you。
She didn't come to class, didn't she?She didn't come to class, did she?
否定句 → 肯定附加疑问。
Your parents are teachers, isn't it?Your parents are teachers, aren't they?
复数主语 → are … they。
She's finished her homework, isn't she?She's finished her homework, hasn't she?
这里 's 是 has（has finished）。
Everyone was tired after the hike, wasn't he?Everyone was tired after the hike, weren't they?
everyone → they，搭配 were。
Don't forget to lock the door, don't you?Don't forget to lock the door, will you?
祈使句的附加疑问用 will you。
例句
- She works at a bank, doesn't she?
- They went to the beach yesterday, didn't they?
- These shoes look expensive, don't they?
- Your sister was working at the hospital last year, wasn't she?
