レッスン67 · ステージ5: 受動態・伝達・疑問文
付加疑問
中級Question tags
形と使い方
…, isn't it? / …, don't you? — 文末で確認する短い質問
1.形
付加疑問は、文末につける コンマ + 助動詞 + 代名詞 です。肯定文には否定の付加疑問を、否定文には肯定の付加疑問をつけます。
| 助動詞 | 肯定文 → 否定の付加疑問 | 否定文 → 肯定の付加疑問 |
|---|---|---|
| am / is / are | It's cold today, isn't it? | You aren't busy, are you? |
| do / does（現在形） | You like coffee, don't you? | He doesn't eat meat, does he? |
| did（過去形） | They left early, didn't they? | You didn't call, did you? |
| was / were | It was fun, wasn't it? | They weren't there, were they? |
| have / has（完了形） | You've met Lan, haven't you? | She hasn't finished, has she? |
| will | You'll come, won't you? | It won't rain, will it? |
| can / could / should… | Mai can swim, can't she? | You can't drive, can you? |
- 文に助動詞（be, have, will, can…）があれば、その助動詞をくり返します。助動詞のない現在形・過去形なら、do / does / did を使います。
- 付加疑問には必ず代名詞を使います：Your parents are teachers, aren't they? / This is your bag, isn't it?（this/that → it、these/those → they）。
- 否定の付加疑問は必ず短縮形です：isn't it, don't you, haven't they。
- 's と 'd に注意：She's tired → isn't she、She's finished → hasn't she、You'd better → hadn't you、You'd rather → wouldn't you。
標準的な英語では、付加疑問は文の助動詞と主語に合わせなければなりません。「isn't it?」はどんな文にもつけられる万能の付加疑問ではありません：You like coffee, don't you? くだけた会話で手軽に確認したいなら、right? はどんな文にも使えます：You like coffee, right?
2.どんなときに使うか
1. 本当だと思っていることを確認するとき
You're from Da Nang, aren't you?
ダナン出身ですよね？
The shop closes at nine, doesn't it?
そのお店は9時に閉まりますよね？
2. 会話をして、相手に同意を求めるとき — 天気、食べ物、一緒に見ているものなどについてよく使います
The weather is lovely today, isn't it?
今日はいい天気ですね。
That was a great film, wasn't it?
いい映画でしたね。
3. 丁寧な依頼：否定文 + 肯定の付加疑問は、控えめでやわらかく聞こえます
You couldn't lend me your charger, could you?
充電器、貸してもらえたりしませんよね？
You haven't seen my glasses, have you?
私のメガネ、見かけませんでしたよね？
付加疑問には、相手に同意するかどうかではなく事実に合わせて答えます。日本語では「肉は食べないんですよね？」に「はい、食べません」と答えますが、英語では違います：You don't eat meat, do you? — No, I don't.（= 食べない）/ Yes, I do.（= 食べる）。
3.特別なケース
| ケース | 例文 |
|---|---|
| I am → aren't I (I'm not → am I) | I'm late again, aren't I? / I'm not late, am I? |
| Let's → shall we | Let's go for a walk, shall we? |
| 命令文 → will you / would you / could you | Pass me the salt, will you? / Don't forget to lock the door, will you? |
| never, nothing, nobody, hardly, rarely… = 否定 → 肯定の付加疑問 | Your brother's never been abroad, has he? / Nothing went wrong, did it? |
| everyone, someone, nobody… → they | Everyone's here, aren't they? / Nobody called, did they? |
| everything, nothing → it | Everything is ready, isn't it? |
| there is / there are → there | There's a pharmacy near here, isn't there? |
| used to → didn't | Your grandfather used to be a teacher, didn't he? |
| have got → haven't / hasn't | You've got a new phone, haven't you? |
肯定文 + 肯定の付加疑問（So you're moving to Hanoi, are you?）は、聞いたばかりのニュースへの驚きや興味を表します。間違いではありません。
4.イントネーション：上げるか下げるか
同じ付加疑問でも、文末で声を下げる ↘ か上げる ↗ かで意味が変わります。
- 下降調 ↘：かなり確信があり、相手が同意してくれると思っている。
- 上昇調 ↗：本当に確信がなく、答えを知りたい。
It's a beautiful day, isn't it? ↘
いい天気ですね。（下降調：同意を期待している）
You've been to Hue, haven't you? ↗
フエに行ったことがありますよね？（上昇調：本当の質問）
You haven't seen my keys, have you? ↗
私の鍵、見てないですよね？（上昇調：「見た」という答えを期待している）
5.よくある間違い
You like coffee, isn't it?You like coffee, don't you?
付加疑問は文の助動詞と主語に合わせます：like → don't、you → you。
She didn't come to class, didn't she?She didn't come to class, did she?
否定文 → 肯定の付加疑問。
Your parents are teachers, isn't it?Your parents are teachers, aren't they?
主語が複数 → are … they。
She's finished her homework, isn't she?She's finished her homework, hasn't she?
ここの 's は has の短縮形です（has finished）。
Everyone was tired after the hike, wasn't he?Everyone was tired after the hike, weren't they?
everyone → they。they に合うのは were です。
Don't forget to lock the door, don't you?Don't forget to lock the door, will you?
命令文には付加疑問 will you をつけます。
例文
- She works at a bank, doesn't she?
- They went to the beach yesterday, didn't they?
- These shoes look expensive, don't they?
- Your sister was working at the hospital last year, wasn't she?
