الدرس 67 · المرحلة 5: المبني للمجهول والكلام المنقول والأسئلة
الأسئلة الذيلية
متوسطQuestion tags
الصيغة والاستخدام
…, isn't it? / …, don't you? — سؤال قصير في نهاية الجملة للتأكيد
1.الصيغة
السؤال الذيلي هو فاصلة + فعل مساعد + ضمير في آخر الجملة. الجملة المثبتة يأتي معها ذيل منفي، والجملة المنفية يأتي معها ذيل مثبت.
| الفعل المساعد | مثبت → ذيل منفي | منفي → ذيل مثبت |
|---|---|---|
| am / is / are | It's cold today, isn't it? | You aren't busy, are you? |
| do / does (المضارع البسيط) | You like coffee, don't you? | He doesn't eat meat, does he? |
| did (الماضي البسيط) | They left early, didn't they? | You didn't call, did you? |
| was / were | It was fun, wasn't it? | They weren't there, were they? |
| have / has (الأزمنة التامة) | You've met Lan, haven't you? | She hasn't finished, has she? |
| will | You'll come, won't you? | It won't rain, will it? |
| can / could / should… | Mai can swim, can't she? | You can't drive, can you? |
- إذا كان في الجملة فعل مساعد (be, have, will, can…) فكرّر هذا الفعل المساعد. وإذا كانت في المضارع البسيط أو الماضي البسيط بلا فعل مساعد، فاستخدم do / does / did.
- يستخدم الذيل دائمًا ضميرًا: Your parents are teachers, aren't they? / This is your bag, isn't it? (this/that → it؛ these/those → they)
- الذيل المنفي يكون دائمًا مختصرًا: isn't it, don't you, haven't they.
- انتبه إلى 's و'd: She's tired → isn't she; She's finished → hasn't she; You'd better → hadn't you; You'd rather → wouldn't you.
في الإنجليزية القياسية يجب أن يطابق الذيلُ الفعلَ المساعد والفاعل — فـ “isn't it?” ليست ذيلًا يصلح لكل جملة كما تصلح «أليس كذلك؟» في العربية: You like coffee, don't you? وإن احتجت إلى شيء سريع في الكلام غير الرسمي، فإن right? تصلح مع أي جملة: You like coffee, right?
2.متى نستخدمه
1. التحقق من شيء تظن أنه صحيح
You're from Da Nang, aren't you?
أنت من دا نانغ، أليس كذلك؟
The shop closes at nine, doesn't it?
المحل يُغلق في التاسعة، أليس كذلك؟
2. فتح حديث ودعوة المستمع إلى الموافقة — غالبًا عن الطقس أو الطعام أو شيء تريانه معًا
The weather is lovely today, isn't it?
الطقس جميل اليوم، أليس كذلك؟
That was a great film, wasn't it?
كان فيلمًا رائعًا، أليس كذلك؟
3. الطلبات المهذبة: جملة منفية + ذيل مثبت تبدو متواضعة ولطيفة
You couldn't lend me your charger, could you?
هل يمكنك أن تعيرني شاحنك من فضلك؟ (بأسلوب لطيف متردد)
You haven't seen my glasses, have you?
ألم ترَ نظارتي بالصدفة؟
أجب عن السؤال الذيلي بحسب الواقع، لا بحسب موافقتك للمتكلم: You don't eat meat, do you? — No, I don't. (= لا آكله) / Yes, I do. (= بل آكله). فـ Yes هنا تقابل «بلى» في العربية.
3.حالات خاصة
| الحالة | مثال |
|---|---|
| I am → aren't I (I'm not → am I) | I'm late again, aren't I? / I'm not late, am I? |
| Let's → shall we | Let's go for a walk, shall we? |
| صيغة الأمر → will you / would you / could you | Pass me the salt, will you? / Don't forget to lock the door, will you? |
| never, nothing, nobody, hardly, rarely… = نفي → ذيل مثبت | Your brother's never been abroad, has he? / Nothing went wrong, did it? |
| everyone, someone, nobody… → they | Everyone's here, aren't they? / Nobody called, did they? |
| everything, nothing → it | Everything is ready, isn't it? |
| there is / there are → there | There's a pharmacy near here, isn't there? |
| used to → didn't | Your grandfather used to be a teacher, didn't he? |
| have got → haven't / hasn't | You've got a new phone, haven't you? |
جملة مثبتة + ذيل مثبت (So you're moving to Hanoi, are you?) تعبّر عن الدهشة أو الاهتمام بخبر سمعته للتو — وهي ليست خطأ.
4.التنغيم: هابط أم صاعد
للذيل نفسه معانٍ مختلفة بحسب ما إذا كان صوتك ينخفض ↘ أو يرتفع ↗ في النهاية.
- هابط ↘: أنت شبه متأكد وتنتظر من الآخر أن يوافقك فقط.
- صاعد ↗: لست متأكدًا فعلًا وتريد جوابًا.
It's a beautiful day, isn't it? ↘
يوم جميل، أليس كذلك؟ (هابط: تنتظر الموافقة)
You've been to Hue, haven't you? ↗
لقد زرت هوي من قبل، أليس كذلك؟ (صاعد: سؤال حقيقي)
You haven't seen my keys, have you? ↗
لم ترَ مفاتيحي، أليس كذلك؟ (صاعد: تأمل أن يكون الجواب نعم)
5.أخطاء شائعة
You like coffee, isn't it?You like coffee, don't you?
الذيل يتبع الفعل المساعد والفاعل في الجملة: like → don't، you → you.
She didn't come to class, didn't she?She didn't come to class, did she?
جملة منفية → ذيل مثبت.
Your parents are teachers, isn't it?Your parents are teachers, aren't they?
فاعل جمع → are … they.
She's finished her homework, isn't she?She's finished her homework, hasn't she?
هنا 's تعني has (has finished).
Everyone was tired after the hike, wasn't he?Everyone was tired after the hike, weren't they?
everyone → they، ومعها were.
Don't forget to lock the door, don't you?Don't forget to lock the door, will you?
صيغة الأمر تأخذ الذيل will you.
أمثلة
- She works at a bank, doesn't she?
- They went to the beach yesterday, didn't they?
- These shoes look expensive, don't they?
- Your sister was working at the hospital last year, wasn't she?
