第 67 課 · 第 5 階段: 被動、轉述與疑問
反意疑問句
中級Question tags
構成與用法
…, isn't it? / …, don't you? — 句末用來確認的短問句
1.形式
反意疑問句是在句末加上 逗號 + 助動詞 + 代詞。肯定句後面用否定的附加疑問；否定句後面用肯定的附加疑問。
| 助動詞 | 肯定句 → 否定附加疑問 | 否定句 → 肯定附加疑問 |
|---|---|---|
| am / is / are | It's cold today, isn't it? | You aren't busy, are you? |
| do / does（一般現在時） | You like coffee, don't you? | He doesn't eat meat, does he? |
| did（一般過去時） | They left early, didn't they? | You didn't call, did you? |
| was / were | It was fun, wasn't it? | They weren't there, were they? |
| have / has（完成時） | You've met Lan, haven't you? | She hasn't finished, has she? |
| will | You'll come, won't you? | It won't rain, will it? |
| can / could / should… | Mai can swim, can't she? | You can't drive, can you? |
- 如果句子裡有助動詞（be, have, will, can…），就重複這個助動詞。如果是一般現在時或一般過去時、沒有助動詞，就用 do / does / did。
- 附加疑問部分一定用代詞：Your parents are teachers, aren't they? / This is your bag, isn't it?（this/that → it；these/those → they）。
- 否定的附加疑問總是用縮寫形式：isn't it, don't you, haven't they。
- 注意 's 和 'd：She's tired → isn't she；She's finished → hasn't she；You'd better → hadn't you；You'd rather → wouldn't you。
中文一句“是不是？”“對吧？”可以加在任何句子後面，所以容易對每個句子都說 “isn't it?”。在標準英語中，附加疑問必須和句子的助動詞、主語一致：You like coffee, don't you? 如果在隨意的口語中想要一個簡單的說法，right? 適用於任何句子：You like coffee, right?
2.什麼時候用
1. 確認你認為是對的事
You're from Da Nang, aren't you?
你是峴港人，對吧？
The shop closes at nine, doesn't it?
這家店九點關門，是吧？
2. 聊天，引導對方表示同意 —— 常常聊天氣、食物或你們都看到的東西
The weather is lovely today, isn't it?
今天天氣真好，是不是？
That was a great film, wasn't it?
那部電影真棒，對吧？
3. 禮貌的請求：否定句 + 肯定附加疑問聽起來謙虛、委婉
You couldn't lend me your charger, could you?
你能不能借我一下充電器？
You haven't seen my glasses, have you?
你沒看到我的眼鏡吧？
回答反意疑問句要根據事實，而不是看你是否同意對方：You don't eat meat, do you? —— No, I don't.（= 我不吃肉）/ Yes, I do.（= 我吃肉）。中文會說“對，我不吃”，但英語這裡要說 No。
3.特殊情況
| 情況 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| I am → aren't I (I'm not → am I) | I'm late again, aren't I? / I'm not late, am I? |
| Let's → shall we | Let's go for a walk, shall we? |
| 祈使句 → will you / would you / could you | Pass me the salt, will you? / Don't forget to lock the door, will you? |
| never, nothing, nobody, hardly, rarely… = 否定 → 肯定附加疑問 | Your brother's never been abroad, has he? / Nothing went wrong, did it? |
| everyone, someone, nobody… → they | Everyone's here, aren't they? / Nobody called, did they? |
| everything, nothing → it | Everything is ready, isn't it? |
| there is / there are → there | There's a pharmacy near here, isn't there? |
| used to → didn't | Your grandfather used to be a teacher, didn't he? |
| have got → haven't / hasn't | You've got a new phone, haven't you? |
肯定句 + 肯定附加疑問（So you're moving to Hanoi, are you?）表示對剛聽到的訊息感到驚訝或感興趣——這不是錯誤。
4.語調：升調還是降調
同一個附加疑問，句末語調下降 ↘ 還是上升 ↗，意思不一樣。
- 降調 ↘：你比較確定，只是希望對方表示同意。
- 升調 ↗：你真的不確定，想要一個回答。
It's a beautiful day, isn't it? ↘
今天天氣真好，是吧？（降調：期待對方同意）
You've been to Hue, haven't you? ↗
你去過順化，對嗎？（升調：真正的提問）
You haven't seen my keys, have you? ↗
你沒看到我的鑰匙吧？（升調：希望答案是肯定的）
5.常見錯誤
You like coffee, isn't it?You like coffee, don't you?
附加疑問跟隨句子的助動詞和主語：like → don't，you → you。
She didn't come to class, didn't she?She didn't come to class, did she?
否定句 → 肯定附加疑問。
Your parents are teachers, isn't it?Your parents are teachers, aren't they?
複數主語 → are … they。
She's finished her homework, isn't she?She's finished her homework, hasn't she?
這裡 's 是 has（has finished）。
Everyone was tired after the hike, wasn't he?Everyone was tired after the hike, weren't they?
everyone → they，搭配 were。
Don't forget to lock the door, don't you?Don't forget to lock the door, will you?
祈使句的附加疑問用 will you。
例句
- She works at a bank, doesn't she?
- They went to the beach yesterday, didn't they?
- These shoes look expensive, don't they?
- Your sister was working at the hospital last year, wasn't she?
