레슨 67 · 5단계: 수동태·간접화법·의문문
부가의문문
중급Question tags
형태와 쓰임
…, isn't it? / …, don't you? — 문장 끝에 붙여 확인하는 짧은 질문
1.형태
부가의문문은 문장 끝에 붙이는 쉼표 + 조동사 + 대명사입니다. 긍정문에는 부정 부가의문문을, 부정문에는 긍정 부가의문문을 붙입니다.
| 조동사 | 긍정문 → 부정 부가의문문 | 부정문 → 긍정 부가의문문 |
|---|---|---|
| am / is / are | It's cold today, isn't it? | You aren't busy, are you? |
| do / does (현재형) | You like coffee, don't you? | He doesn't eat meat, does he? |
| did (과거형) | They left early, didn't they? | You didn't call, did you? |
| was / were | It was fun, wasn't it? | They weren't there, were they? |
| have / has (완료형) | You've met Lan, haven't you? | She hasn't finished, has she? |
| will | You'll come, won't you? | It won't rain, will it? |
| can / could / should… | Mai can swim, can't she? | You can't drive, can you? |
- 문장에 조동사(be, have, will, can…)가 있으면 그 조동사를 반복합니다. 조동사가 없는 현재형이나 과거형이면 do / does / did를 씁니다.
- 부가의문문에는 항상 대명사를 씁니다: Your parents are teachers, aren't they? / This is your bag, isn't it? (this/that → it, these/those → they).
- 부정 부가의문문은 항상 축약형입니다: isn't it, don't you, haven't they.
- 's와 'd에 주의하세요: She's tired → isn't she, She's finished → hasn't she, You'd better → hadn't you, You'd rather → wouldn't you.
표준 영어에서 부가의문문은 문장의 조동사와 주어에 맞춰야 합니다. “isn't it?”이 모든 문장에 붙는 만능 표현은 아닙니다: You like coffee, don't you? 편한 대화에서 간단히 확인하고 싶다면 right?는 어떤 문장에도 쓸 수 있습니다: You like coffee, right?
2.언제 쓰나요
1. 사실이라고 생각하는 것을 확인할 때
You're from Da Nang, aren't you?
다낭 출신이시죠?
The shop closes at nine, doesn't it?
그 가게 9시에 문 닫죠?
2. 대화를 이어 가며 상대의 동의를 구할 때 — 날씨, 음식, 함께 보고 있는 것 등에 대해 자주 씁니다
The weather is lovely today, isn't it?
오늘 날씨 정말 좋네요, 그렇죠?
That was a great film, wasn't it?
정말 좋은 영화였죠?
3. 정중한 부탁: 부정문 + 긍정 부가의문문은 조심스럽고 부드럽게 들립니다
You couldn't lend me your charger, could you?
혹시 충전기 좀 빌려줄 수 없을까요?
You haven't seen my glasses, have you?
혹시 제 안경 못 보셨죠?
부가의문문에는 상대의 말에 동의하는지가 아니라 사실에 맞춰 대답합니다. 우리말로는 “고기 안 먹지?”에 “응, 안 먹어”라고 하지만, 영어는 다릅니다: You don't eat meat, do you? — No, I don't. (= 안 먹음) / Yes, I do. (= 먹음).
3.특별한 경우
| 경우 | 예문 |
|---|---|
| I am → aren't I (I'm not → am I) | I'm late again, aren't I? / I'm not late, am I? |
| Let's → shall we | Let's go for a walk, shall we? |
| 명령문 → will you / would you / could you | Pass me the salt, will you? / Don't forget to lock the door, will you? |
| never, nothing, nobody, hardly, rarely… = 부정 → 긍정 부가의문문 | Your brother's never been abroad, has he? / Nothing went wrong, did it? |
| everyone, someone, nobody… → they | Everyone's here, aren't they? / Nobody called, did they? |
| everything, nothing → it | Everything is ready, isn't it? |
| there is / there are → there | There's a pharmacy near here, isn't there? |
| used to → didn't | Your grandfather used to be a teacher, didn't he? |
| have got → haven't / hasn't | You've got a new phone, haven't you? |
긍정문 + 긍정 부가의문문(So you're moving to Hanoi, are you?)은 방금 들은 소식에 대한 놀람이나 관심을 나타냅니다. 틀린 것이 아닙니다.
4.억양: 올릴까, 내릴까
같은 부가의문문이라도 끝에서 목소리를 내리는지 ↘ 올리는지 ↗에 따라 뜻이 달라집니다.
- 내림조 ↘: 꽤 확신하고 있고, 상대가 동의해 주기를 기대합니다.
- 올림조 ↗: 정말 확실하지 않아서 대답을 듣고 싶습니다.
It's a beautiful day, isn't it? ↘
날씨 정말 좋네요, 그렇죠? (내림조: 동의를 기대함)
You've been to Hue, haven't you? ↗
후에에 가 본 적 있죠? (올림조: 진짜 질문)
You haven't seen my keys, have you? ↗
혹시 제 열쇠 못 봤죠? (올림조: 봤다는 대답을 기대함)
5.자주 하는 실수
You like coffee, isn't it?You like coffee, don't you?
부가의문문은 문장의 조동사와 주어를 따릅니다: like → don't, you → you.
She didn't come to class, didn't she?She didn't come to class, did she?
부정문 → 긍정 부가의문문.
Your parents are teachers, isn't it?Your parents are teachers, aren't they?
주어가 복수 → are … they.
She's finished her homework, isn't she?She's finished her homework, hasn't she?
여기서 's는 has입니다(has finished).
Everyone was tired after the hike, wasn't he?Everyone was tired after the hike, weren't they?
everyone → they이고, they에는 were를 씁니다.
Don't forget to lock the door, don't you?Don't forget to lock the door, will you?
명령문에는 부가의문문 will you를 붙입니다.
예문
- She works at a bank, doesn't she?
- They went to the beach yesterday, didn't they?
- These shoes look expensive, don't they?
- Your sister was working at the hospital last year, wasn't she?
