动词 + -ing

有些动词后面再接一个动词时，第二个动词必须用 -ing 形式（动名词），不能用 to + 动词。第一个动词照常随时态变化；-ing 形式在任何时态里都保持不变。

💡中文里两个动词可以直接连用（“喜欢做饭”“避免开车”）。英语里第二个动词必须是 -ing 或 to + 动词，而且由第一个动词决定用哪种。所以要把它们当作固定搭配来记：enjoy doing、avoid doing、finish doing。

1. 喜欢、不喜欢、不介意：enjoy、(not) mind、fancy（= 想要、有兴致——英式英语，口语）、can't stand、dislike

• My grandma enjoys growing herbs on her balcony.

  我奶奶喜欢在阳台上种香草。

• Do you mind sitting at the back?

  你介意坐在后面吗？

• I can't stand waiting in long queues.

  我受不了排长队。

• Do you fancy getting a bubble tea after class?

  下课后想不想去喝杯奶茶？

2. 结束、停止、继续、推迟：finish、stop、quit、give up、keep (on)、go on、carry on、put off、postpone、delay

• Have you finished using the laptop?

  你用完笔记本电脑了吗？

• It kept raining the whole weekend.

  整个周末雨下个不停。

• My uncle gave up smoking last year.

  我叔叔去年戒烟了。

• We put off booking the hotel, and now everything is full.

  我们一直拖着没订酒店，现在全满了。

3. 避免、冒险、怀念、忍不住：avoid、risk、miss、resist、can't help

• I try to avoid driving during rush hour.

  我尽量避开高峰时段开车。

• Don't risk losing your photos — back them up.

  别冒丢失照片的风险——记得备份。

• I really miss eating my mum's cooking.

  我真的很怀念吃妈妈做的饭。

• I couldn't help laughing at his joke.

  听了他的笑话，我忍不住笑了。

4. 考虑、建议、承认、练习：consider、imagine、suggest、recommend、admit、deny、mention、practise（美式拼写：practice）

• Have you ever considered working abroad?

  你有没有考虑过去国外工作？

• Lan suggested meeting at the cafe near the station.

  阿兰建议在车站附近的咖啡馆见面。

• He finally admitted breaking the vase.

  他终于承认是他打碎了花瓶。

• Imagine living right next to the beach!

  想象一下住在海边是什么感觉！

• I practise speaking English with a friend every evening.

  我每天晚上都和一个朋友练习说英语。

• 否定：把 not 放在 -ing 形式正前方：She suggested not telling anyone yet.
• 动词 + 人 + -ing：I can't imagine my dad dancing. / Sorry to keep you waiting. / Do you mind me sitting here?（更正式：my sitting）
• keep / keep on + -ing = 一再做某事，常带有厌烦的意味：My laptop keeps freezing.
• admit、deny 后面可以用 having + 过去分词，强调动作发生在前，但一般用普通的 -ing 就够了：He denied taking the money. = He denied having taken the money.
• suggest、recommend、admit、deny 后面也可以接 that 从句：Lan suggested (that) we meet at the cafe（英式英语也说：we should meet）。但不能说 “suggested us to meet”。
• stop 和 go on 也可以接 to + 动词，但意思会变——见“-ing 还是 to：remember, forget, stop, try, need”一课。

意思相近的动词，后面接的形式不一定相同。比较下面每一组（另见“动词 + to 不定式”一课）：

• I enjoy swimming, but today I want to stay at home.

  我喜欢游泳，但今天我想待在家里。

• We're considering moving to Da Nang. We plan to go in May.

  我们在考虑搬到岘港，打算五月份过去。

• He avoided answering at first, then refused to say anything.

  他一开始回避回答，后来干脆什么都不肯说。

• I don't mind helping. I've already agreed to help on Saturday.

  我不介意帮忙。我已经答应周六去帮忙了。

💡一个粗略的记忆方法（不是规则）：接 to 的动词常常指向还没做的事（want、hope、plan、decide、promise）；很多接 -ing 的动词说的是正在发生或已经经历过的事（enjoy、finish、stop、miss、admit）。但 consider、suggest 和 imagine 说的是将来，却仍然接 -ing——所以说到底，每个动词都得单独记。

• ✗I enjoy to listen to podcasts.

  ✓I enjoy listening to podcasts.

  enjoy + -ing，不接 to。

• ✗Would you mind to turn the music down?

  ✓Would you mind turning the music down?

  mind + -ing。

• ✗She suggested us to take a taxi.

  ✓She suggested taking a taxi. / She suggested (that) we take a taxi.

  suggest 不能接“人 + to”。

• ✗He keeps forget his keys.

  ✓He keeps forgetting his keys.

  keep 后面用 -ing，不用动词原形。

• ✗I'm considering to change jobs.

  ✓I'm considering changing jobs.

  consider + -ing；这里两个 -ing 连用没有问题。

• ✗Have you finished to pack?

  ✓Have you finished packing?

  finish + -ing。